DearAspiringMasterofAwesomeness,

Congratulationsonyourdecisiontomasterknowledgeoftheworldandalltheresponsibilitiesthatcomewiththat.Foryouit’snotjustaboutthecollegecredit,it’saboutbecomingsoalarminglyintelligentthatthetemptationtobecomeasupervillainandliveinadormantvolcanoisveryreal.

Itisatemptationyoucanresist.WhyuseAPHumanGeographyforevilwhenyoucanbepartoftheprocessthatbringsallculturesbetterunderstandingandpossiblyevenpeace?

Thisisaverybriefguide.Itwillsteeryoutowardssomeresourcesandpossiblyhelpyoutocraftyourownstudyplan.

Sohereisabriefrundownofwhatyouwillfindhere:

Geographersyoumustknow

Mapsyoumustknow

Theoriesyoumustunderstand

Theessentialvocabularyyoucan’tlivewithout.

Themainideasofeachunitandlinkstoresourcesyoumayfindtobehelpful.

Ifyoulearnnothingelseever,learnthefollowing!

Womenarethefutureoftheworld!Educatethemandtreatthemright!Possibilism?Yes.EnvironmentalDeterminism?No!

UnitI:Geographyit’sNatureandPerspectives(WhatisGeography)

Geographersyoumustknow! (Whyyoushouldknowthem)

Erasthones CalculatedthecircumferenceoftheEarth Hecataeus MapoftheWorld(asheknewit)Idrisi CreatedthefirstMapoftheWorldGeorgePerkinsMarsh StudiedhumanimpactonenvironmentPtolemy DevelopedaglobalgridsystemCarlSauer CulturalLandscapesMikeMikesell The“WhyofWhere”MapProjectionsYouMustKnow: Pros ConsMercator Navigation DistortionatthepolesRobinson Classroom Distortion(butmoreeven)Peters Landmassesequal WeirdlookingTherearelotsofothergeneralmapssuchascontourmaps,dotmaps,thematicmaps,politicalmaps,reliefmaps,globesetc.Beawareofthem.ConceptsYoumustKnow:GridsystemsGPSGISScalePatternRegionSpaceTimeCompressionTenVocabularyWordsYouMustKnow(yestherearemorebutthisisareviewsoifyoucanonlyremembertenletitbetheseten!)

PlaceLocationRegionHumanEnvironmentInteractionMovementMeridianParallelGlobalizationSiteSituation

UnitII:Population (Howdopeoplemakeplaces,anddiffuseideas)PeopleYouMustKnow WhyYouMustKnowThemErnstRavenstein LawsofMigrationThomasMalthus “Help,we’rerunningoutoffood!”ConceptsYouMustKnowActivitySpacePushFactorsPullFactorsSpaceTimePrismPopulationPolicies

• Eugenic• Restrictive• Expansive

HowtoconstructandreadapopulationPyramidHowtointerpretthedemographictransitionmodelGlobalMigrationPatternsIntraregionalMigrationInterregionalMigrationMainErasofU.S.immigration

• 1840’s‐1850’s• Late1800’s• Early1900’s• Immigrationsince1945

Tenvocabularywordsyoumustknow!

• Carryingcapacity• Crudebirthrate• Crudedeathrate• Doublingtime• Gravitymodel• Arithmeticgrowth• Exponentialgrowth• Refugees• Totalfertilityrate• Physiologicalpopulationdensity•

*Ok, this is now eleven and 12, but they are important: female infanticide, andforcedmigration

UnitIII:CulturalPatternsandProcesses (Why do people have differentbeliefs?)PeopleYouMustKnow WhyYouMustKnowThemCarlSauer(again) ReligiouslandscapesTorsteHagerstrand CulturalDiffusionConceptsYouMustKnowAcculturationAssimilationPossibilismv.EnvironmentalDeterminismExpansionDiffusion

• Contagiousdiffusion• Hierarchicaldiffusion• Stimulusdiffusion

RelocationDiffusion• Migrantdiffusion

Culturecomplexv.RaceandEthnicityEthnicReligions

• Judaism• Hinduism• Confucianism• Taoism• Shintoism

UniversalizingReligions• Christianity• Islam• Buddhism• Sikhism• Baha’i

AnimismIndo‐EuropeanLanguageTreeSino‐TibetanLanguageTree(Thereareother languagetrees,but ifyoucanonlyunderstandtwo,thesearetheones.)FolkCulturev.PopularCultureTenVocabularyWordsYoumustknow!DiasporaIsoglossTabooCulturehearthsDialects

AccentsCreolizedlanguagesLinguafrancaGlobalLanguageBranchesv.Sects

Unit IV: Political Organization of Space (Who lives where and do they have acountry?Iftheydo,dotheyshareitwithsomeone?)PeopleYouMustKnow WhyYouMustKnowThemFriedrichRatzel OrganicStateTheoryHalfordMackinder HeartlandTheory(WorldIsland,PivotofHistory)NicholasSpykman RimlandTheoryConceptsYouMustKnowDevolution(Whatisitandwho’sdoingit?)SupranationalismBalkanization(Shatterbelt)TerritorialMorphology

• Elongated (Chile,Norwayetc.)• Prorupted (Namibia,Congoetc.)• Compact (Poland,Hungaryetc.)• Perforated (SouthAfrica,Italyetc.)• Fragmented (Indonesia,Philippinesetc.)• Microstates (Lichtenstein,Andorraetc.)

TypesofBoundaries• Physicalboundaries• Culturalboundaries• Geometricboundaries(consequentboundaries)• Relictboundaries

CentrifugalForcesv.CentripetalforcesDisputes

• Positional• Territorial• Resource(Allocational)• Functional(Operational)

Federalv.UnitaryStatesTenVocabularyWordsYouMustKnow!BalkanizationEnclaves,exclavesEuropeanUnionUnitedNationsNationState

StatelessNationMultistateNationMultinationStatePrimateCityGlobalization

UnitV:Agriculture(Where’smyfoodandwhat’sinit?)PeopleYouMustKnow WhyYouMustKnowThemNormanBorlaug GreenRevolutionThomasMalthus Thoughtwemightrunoutoffood(wemight)JohannVonThünen AgriculturalLocationTheory(VonThünenModel)ConceptsYouMustKnowPrimarysector,Secondarysector,TertiarysectorAgricultureintheMDC’sv.AgricultureintheLDC’sTheNeolithicRevolutionSubsistencevs.CommercialAgricultureRuralLandUseandSettlementPatternsTheSecondAgriculturalRevolutionTheThirdAgriculturalRevolutionTheGreenRevolutionHearths:

• Seed• Vegetative• AnimalDomestication

SustainableandOrganicAgriculture20VocabularyWordsYouMustKnowAgribusinessSlashandburn(Swidden)CommercialAgricultureExtensivesubsistenceIntensiveSubsistenceMediterraneanagricultureBiotechnologyCerealGrains(andwhichonesgrowwhere)HorticultureIrrigationPesticidesGeneticallyModifiedOrganismsPastoralNomadismTranshumanceTruckFarmingPlantationsAgricultureWet(lowland)RiceMilkshedColombianExchangeDesertification

UnitVI:IndustrializationandEconomicDevelopment (Whatdoesitmeantobedevelopedandhasthediffusionoftechnologyhelpeddevelopment)PeopleYouMustKnow!W.W.Rostow LadderofDevelopmentEmmanuelWallerstein CapitalistWorldSystemsTheoryJamesWatt InventoroftheSteamEngineAlfredWeber Weber’sLeastCostTheoryHowardHotelling LocationalInterdependenceConceptsyoumustknow!HDI(HumanDevelopmentIndex)EconomicIndicatorsofDevelopment

• GNI(GrossNationalIncome)• GDP(GrossDomesticProduct)• GNP(GrossNationalProduct)

SocialIndicatorsofDevelopment• Educationlevels• Literacy

DemographicIndicatorsofDevelopment

• TFR(TotalFertilityRate)• LifeExpectancy)

OccupationalStructureoftheLaborForce

• Primary• Secondary• Tertiary

o Quaternaryo Quinary

TheoriesofEconomicDevelopment

• Modernizationmodel• DependencyTheory

ThediffusionoftheIndustrialRevolutionCoreeconomiesandPeripheryeconomiesMajorIndustrialRegions

• WesternandCentralEurope• EasternNorthAmerica• RussiaandtheUkraine• EasternAsia

TheFourTigers(Dragons)• SouthKorea• Taiwan• Singapore• HongKong

DeindustrializationEffects of industrialization on theEnvironment

20VocabularyWordsYouMustKnow!Break‐of‐BulkAgglomerationBulk‐reducing,Bulk‐GainingDeglomerationDeindustrializationExportOrientedFootlooseIndustryIndustrialRevolutionPost‐IndustrialSocietiesMaquiladoras

ValueAddedSpecialEconomicZonesSingleMarketManufacturersMDC’sandLDC’sCompressedModernityFrictionofdistanceInfrastructureLabor‐intensiveindustriesInternationalDivisionofLaborTrading‐blocs

UnitVII:CitiesandUrbanLandUse(Wheredopeopleliveincities?Whydotheylivethere?)PeopleYouMustKnow! Whyyoumustknowthem.E.W.Burgess ConcentricZoneModel(BurgessModel)HarrisandUlman MultipleNucleiModelHomerHoyt TheSectorModelErnstGriffin

& TheGriffinFordModel(TheLatinAmericanCity)LarryFordWalterChristaller CentralPlaceTheoryConceptsYouMustKnowAlloftheconceptslistedUrbanHierarchy(Fromsmallestandleastservicestolargestandmostservices)

• Hamlet• Village• Town• City• Megalopolis

OriginofCities(TheRiverCivilizations)• IndusRiver• NileRiver• TigrisandEuphratesRivers• HuangHeandWeiRivers

PeopleusuallymoveruraltourbanWorldCities,PrimateCitiesandCapitalCitiesTheTenlargestMegacities(inorderfromlargesttosmallest)

• Tokyo,Japan• Mexico,MexicoCity• Seoul,SouthKorea• NewYorkCity,U.S.A.• SaoPaulo,Brazil• Mumbai,India• Delhi,India• Shanghai,China• LosAngeles,U.S.A.• Osaka,Japan

TherestoftheMegacities…• Beijing,China• BuenosAires,Argentina• Cairo,Egypt• Dhaka,Bangladesh• Istanbul,Turkey

• Jakarta,Indonesia• Karachi,Pakistan• Lagos,Nigeria• London,UnitedKingdom• Manila,Philippines• Moscow,Russia• RiodeJaneiro,Brazil• Shenzen,China• Tehran,Iran

CitiesaregrowingfasterintheLDC’sthanintheMDC’sCentralPlaceTheoryModelsofUrbanLandUse(seethepeopleyoumustknow)GhettoizationBarrioizationSquattersettlements,whereandwhytheyoccurGentrificationandUrbanrenewalAsian cities are different than European Cities, which are different from LatinAmericanCities,whicharedifferentfromNorthAmericanCities,whicharedifferentfromAfricanCities,whicharedifferentfromAsiancitiesetc,etc,etc,.TenVocabularyWordsYouMustKnowRank‐sizeruleUrbanrenewalSuburbsSprawlGreenbeltsEdgecitiesUrbanhierarchyFeminizationofpovertySquattersMetropolitanarea

THEFRQ!Relax.Whatisitasking?Doesitwantanexample?Isitaskingforanexplanation?Readitcarefully, thequestionmightspecifyyoucan’tusethesameexampletwicefordifferentconcepts?Figureouthowmanypointsit’sworthandmakesureyoumeeteachofthosepointswithananswer.Writeclearlyandlabelaccordingtothequestion.Usefullsentences.