women research.docx

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Research ProposalSubmitted to :Madam Humera ShahidPrepared by:Madiha Rehman M10bba053 Aatika Bashir M10bba055 Binish Abrar M10bba064 Class:6th Semester Topic:Women Entrepreneurs of Pakistan

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 13Introduction3Chapter 23Literature Review4Chapter 34Research Methodology5Chapter 46Data Analysis6Frequency tables:6Chapter 518Recommendations:18Chapter 619Conclusion19QUESTIONNAIRE21Women Entrepreneurship - Questionnaire for Existing Entrepreneurs21

Women Entrepreneurs in PakistanChapter 1IntroductionMao Tse-tung said Women hold up half the sky in ChinaUnfortunately the same could not be said about the women in Pakistan. Women in rural areas of Pakistan have always worked side by side with their male counter parts. But their contribution is neither enough for them nor for the economy of the country. On the contrary it has led them to be stuck in the same circle of work rather than progressing forward.Women entrepreneurship is really important for any country especially in these modern times. For a country whose more than half of the population is comprised of women, the self-employment rate of women is really low in Pakistan. The labour force participation rate of women is only 21% as compared to 82% of men.The research problem that we will be working on is what are the problems faced by women entrepreneurs which are the reasons for their low rate of self-employment.

Chapter 2Literature ReviewIn the research article by Roy Thurick he discusses the reason of low self-employment of women as compared to men. In his article he researches the reasons that are more subjective in nature. His research focuses on the extent to which womens relatively low level of participation in entrepreneurial activity is driven by their lower preferences for entrepreneurship. The question that he poses is that whether women prefer to work or not. The purpose of this study is to determine the problems faced by women they choose or prefer to work. The research objectives are1. To find whether women entrepreneurs face problems.2. To determine what kind of problems they face.3. To what extent lack of knowledge effects the above

Chapter 3Research MethodologyThe type of research is descriptive research. The research instrument used is Questionnaire answered by the respondents. It is basically data collection to determine the problems faced by the women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. The method used is sample survey rather than censes surveyPopulation:The population for the research article is women entrepreneurs of Pakistan.Sample Size:The sample size was 30 in which questionnaire was filled by women entrepreneurs of Punjab Province.

Chapter 4Data AnalysisFrequency tables:It is generally believed that Pakistan women give more emphasis to their motherly role and family / home responsibilities rather than venturing for a career / growth through entrepreneurship. If they have to plan & settle for a career, they would at best prefer a safe risk free job than setting up a business venture of their own.

FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent

ValidI agree fully2170.072.472.4

partially agree826.727.6100.0

Total2996.7100.0

Missing-42013.3

Total30100.0

The above percentages show that majority of the women find it much more easier to earn through jobs which have specific timings and allows them easier ways to handle their family. This leads to preference of jobs over than starting their own business

Women's family obligations also bar them from initiating & becoming successful entrepreneurs.


ValidI Agree fully1240.041.441.4


I do not agree413.313.8100.0

Total2996.7100.0

Missing-42013.3

Total30100.0

40% of the respondents fully agree where as 43.3% partially agree that one of the barricades in their way of becoming an entrepreneur are their family obligations. In country like Pakistan the full responsibility of the household lies with female member of the family even if both male and female members are working. This creates a hectic life for the women and they find themselves unable to concentrate fully at the tasks of their businesses. This is something that greatly hinders them from either starting their business or becoming successful if they start one.

Financial institutions are generally sceptical about the entrepreneurial seriousness & abilities of women entrepreneurs. As a result, the women entrepreneurs are suffering from inadequate financial resources and working capital.


Validi agree fully1033.333.333.3


i do not agree26.76.7100.0

Total30100.0100.0

Finance is the life blood of any business. Financial Institutions in Pakistan are especially reluctant in extending finance to the female. More than 60% respondents believe that one of the reasons that women are not neck to neck in business field with men is the reluctance of Banks to provide loans and finances to women for starting their own enterprises.

Although women managers & executives are proving to be more & more effective at their work places, they are still not considered efficient enough to handle Labour & logistic issues as efficiently in self-owned business enterprises. They would prefer men to handle such issues.





Total30100.0100.0

Not many agree but from the responses one can see that women instead of going out and dealing with distribution and labour issues prefer to hire men that can that for them. Although it is not a big problem as many businessmen hire assistance for these matter rather than going out themselves. But for women it reflects a bad light on them leading many people to believe that women who are unable to handle these matters are unable to carry out their businesses well.

The overall male domination in the entire business & entrepreneurship area also works as a hurdle for women entrepreneurs.





Total30100.0100.0

No one can disagree that can in country like Pakistan male domination in any sector whether in jobs or in businesses hinders the progress of women. Many of the people prefer to take their business to men rather than dealing with women entrepreneur. One of the reasons that women entrepreneurs are restricted to some particular businesses like boutiques, parlours, retail shops etc.

It is believed that lack of proper knowledge about availability of raw materials & low-level negotiation and bargaining skills are also factors, which affect women entrepreneurs business adventures.




i do not agree930.030.0100.0

Total30100.0100.0

Although women have bargaining skills but they are limited to one to one bargaining while dealing with shopkeepers. While doing businesses they need do deal with people with whom they need to bargain.9% of the women are of the view that women have the necessary skills and bargaining power needed to run a business efficiently.

Low-level risk taking attitude is another factor affecting womens decision to get into business.





Total30100.0100.0

Nearly 53% of the respondents themselves say that women do not form a large percentage of the business sector because they prefer not to take risks. Hence answering the first question why they prefer jobs over their own businesses.

Educational Institutions & even Govt. Agencies are doing little to promote entrepreneurship amongst women particularly.




i do not agree516.716.7100.0

Total30100.0100.0

Even though government is working to incorporate women in the business sector but its efforts towards area are not that strong. 46.7% partially agree with the statement which leads one to believe that Gov. is making efforts but its efforts are not enough.

Women would perhaps prefer to be active partner entrepreneurs with their spouses & provide necessary support rather than initiating & running a business enterprise entirely on their own.




i do not agree310.010.0100.0

Total30100.0100.0

Leaving in Pakistan no woman can avoid the Eastern attitude that demands that women help their spouses in every walk of life. Women entrepreneur find it easier to contribute in the family business and work side by side with their husbands than going out and making a name for them.

Larger numbers of women do not have much needed financial independence that would enable them to conceive, plan & execute a business plan independently.





Total2996.7100.0

Missing-42013.3

Total30100.0

Regarding financial independence, almost 57% women were agreed that they do not have much needed financial independence that would them to execute a business plan independently. Whereas 33% respondents agreed this statement up to some extent. 7% women didnt agree this.

The above question was more easily represented through a graph. As the graph shows that a high number of respondents faced the challenge of arranging finance for their business followed by the challenge of finding the right contacts that could help them in establishing their business in a firmer ground.

Are you aware that banks provide loans and schemes for women entrepreneurs?


Validyes1860.060.060.0

no826.726.786.7

cant say413.313.3100.0

Total30100.0100.0

The above table shows that although 60% of the entrepreneurs were aware of the bank scheme still financing was their major problem. 26% were not even aware that banks have special schemes for providing loans to women entrepreneurs of the country.

Chapter 5Recommendations:

Governmentshould arrange exhibitions on quarterly, semiannually or annual basis to promote the work of women entrepreneurs this will provide them a platform where they can bring their work on scene. Government should train the employees who work in the micro financial institutions as to how to deal with the customers and tell them the benefits of the scheme. Government should do extensive ad campaigns to promote the work of these women not only within the country but also at the international level. Awareness should be created among these women as to how they can gain success in their business by getting proper education and getting required skills. There should be relaxations in the terms of micro finance so that they can easilystart their own business. Society should not only support but also encourage such women who are sourceof pride for the nation. Special buses should be run for females so that they do not face any kind of problem while travelling. Examine the processes of gender inequality

Chapter 6ConclusionWoman to man working ratio reveals women prefer to work at home and wants to look after their family more. They only under some forced circumstances move out to support their family and willing to work and still wants to run small level business within their housing locality, there are very few motivated woman. Women who are well aware of their surroundings and due to special causes or incidents and sometimes because of betterment of their lifestyles get motivated and start their own business not only to better their life styles but also to share burden of society.We divide woman entrepreneurs in 2 different categories which are as follows Motivated women Forced womenThese are further subdivided as follows Motivated woman Supported by family Not supported by family Skillful Non skillful Need further training Receiving/not receiving government fundingThose are strongly or partially supported by their families and their husbands are also very co-operative and our SPSS studies have revealed that they can devote themselves better and can work in a better way and results have proved that their business are really are a vital source of income for country.Those women who arent supported by their families are basically surrounded by a greater chance of getting unmotivated and they cant fully devote themselves but anyhow motivation is motivation and studies have proven they are strong enough as they are facing the society as well as family alone so their work is remarkable.Those woman who are well skilled in their work like those who are running boutiques and are well skillful in knitting , stitching , weaving etc. . Similarly those who are running saloons are aware of facials etc. so they dont require training and require less time and cost to bring their business in running position.Those who arent skillful but want to work so if they have enough capital sometimes they hire workers and sometimes they get training themselves in any way they are useful too but they require comparatively longer time and cost to bring business in running position but once it is done they are as good as others.Those who are not enough skilled and require some training and dont have enough funds or capital needs help, those who are interested should help them and workers welfare organization should sort out such women who are really precious asset for our countryThere are some organizations that are providing funds to women who really seek training and funds to run fruitful business but still its in very small amount, our studies have revealed that a large population is still starving for funds and govt. should pay attention to those. There are some who are running really fruitful business but facing many problems that they cant solely sort out and there are some who just need some ignition to start their business.

QUESTIONNAIREWomen Entrepreneurship - Questionnaire for Existing Entrepreneurs Please ticks mark your right answer: 1. It is generally believed that Pakistan women give more emphasis to their motherly role and family / home responsibilities rather than venturing for a career / growth through entrepreneurship. If they have to plan & settle for a career, they would at best prefer a safe risk free job than setting up a business venture of their own. I Agree Fully Partially Agree I Do Not Agree2. Women's family obligations also bar them from initiating &becoming successful entrepreneurs.I Agree Fully Partially Agree I Do Not Agree3. Financial institutions are generally skeptical about the entrepreneurial seriousness &abilities of women entrepreneurs. As a result, the women entrepreneurs are suffering from inadequate financial resources and working capital. I Agree Fully Partially Agree I Do Not Agree4. Although women managers & executives are proving to be more & more effective at their work places, they are still not considered efficient enough to handle Labour & logistic issues as efficiently in self-owned business enterprises. They would prefer men to handle such issues. I Agree Fully Partially Agree I Do Not Agree5. The overall male domination in the entire business & entrepreneurship area also works as a hurdle for women entrepreneurs. I Agree Fully Partially Agree I Do Not Agree6. It is believed that lack of proper knowledge about availability of raw materials & low-level negotiation and bargaining skills are also factors, which affect women entrepreneurs business adventures. I Agree Fully Partially Agree I Do Not Agree7. Low-level risk taking attitude is another factor affecting womens decision to get into business. I Agree Fully Partially Agree I Do Not Agree8. Educational Institutions & even Govt. agencies are doing little to promote entrepreneurship amongst women particularly. I Agree Fully Partially Agree I Do Not Agree9. Women would perhaps prefer to be active partner entrepreneurs with their spouses & provide necessary support rather than initiating & running a business enterprise entirely on their own. I Agree Fully Partially AgreeI Do Not Agree10. Larger numbers of women do not have much needed financial independence that would enable them to conceive, plan & execute a business plan independently. I Agree Fully Partially Agree I Do Not Agree11. What was the challenge you faced during the start-up in your business? No obstacles A question of self confidence (believing in your abilities) Start up finance Lack of information / advice on how to start an enterprise Family support (parents / in-laws/ Husband) Finding the right contacts for your business venture/ Access to business support Management / Entrepreneurial skills Combining family and work life Being a woman/Gender discrimination 12. Are you aware that banks provide loans and schemes for women entrepreneurs? Yes No Cant say

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