women’s community solutions a strategic discussion for probation trusts tuesday 25 th september...
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WOMEN’S COMMUNITY SOLUTIONS A Strategic Discussion for Probation Trusts Tuesday 25 th September 2012. WELCOME AND CONTEXT Mike Maiden Chief Executive Staffordshire & West Midlands Probation Trust. Programme for the Day 10.30Welcome - Mike Maiden - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
WOMEN’S COMMUNITY SOLUTIONS
A Strategic Discussion for Probation Trusts
Tuesday 25th September 2012
WELCOME AND CONTEXT
Mike Maiden Chief Executive
Staffordshire & West Midlands Probation Trust
Programme for the Day
10.30 Welcome - Mike MaidenChief Executive Staffordshire and West Midlands Probation Trust
10.35 Introduction - Jackie RussellDirector, Women’s Breakout
Desistance, Research and Data
10.40 Desistance and WomenProfessor Loraine GelsthorpProfessor of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Cambridge
11.10 The Social Return on Investment for Women’s Community SolutionsNatalie NichollesNew Economic Foundation
11.25 Payment By Results PilotsMike Maiden
11.35 Discussion Moderated by Mike Maiden
12.20 Lunch & Refreshments
Women’s Voices in Provision
13.00 Cleanbreak Theatre Performance
13.15 A National Picture - Jackie Russell, Director Women’s Breakout
13.30 Service Users VoiceJoy Doal, Anawim & Emma Stazaker, Brighter Futures
Commissioning and Co-commissioning
13.55 Context -Mike MaidenChief Executive Staffordshire and West Midlands Probation Trust
14.05 Expectations of Trusts in Delivering Services for WomenColin Allars- National Offender Management Service
14.25 Commissioning for Criminal Justice and Health outcomesNicola Benge - Birmingham East and North PCT, NHS
14.50 Roundtable Discussion
15.20 Closing Remarks- Mike Maiden and Jackie Russell
15.30 Close
WELCOME AND CONTEXT
Jackie RussellDirector, Women’s Breakout
INTRODUCTIONPublic Sector Equality Duty‘A public authority must, in the exercise of its functions, have due regard to the need to ….. advance equality of opportunity between persons who share a relevant protected characteristic and persons who do not share it’
NOMS Commissioning Intentions‘Ensure that appropriate provision is in place to enable women offenders to complete their sentences and reduce their risk of offending.’
A continuing focus on women offenders
DESISTANCE AND WOMEN
Professor Loraine GelsthorpProfessor of Criminology and Criminal Justice
University of Cambridge
Conference for Probation Practitioners, Birmingham. September 25th, 2012
Loraine Gelsthorpe, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge ([email protected])
Stopping and refraining from offending
Spontaneous or ‘natural’ desistance Assisted desistance (and what works) Primary and secondary desistance The problems of measuring desistance
People’s resources for the journey are often limited (cf. SEU, 2022)
Their change pathways are often blocked
Temptation and provocation…
From Bottoms and Shapland (2011: 70)
They are complex processes, not events, characterised by ambivalence and vacillation
The involve re-biography (at the time or post hoc); changing identities (narratives); more than learning new cognitive skills
Prompted by life events, depending on the meaning of those events for the offender; inherently subjective, hence individualised, sensitive to difference/diversity
Solicited or sustained by someone ‘believing in’ the offender (or prevented by someone giving up on the offender?)... Hope
An active process in which agency is discovered and exercised
Requires social capital (opportunities) as well as human capital (capacities/ skills)
Desistance einforced through ‘redemption’ or restoration (de- labelling); finding purpose in generative activities (constructive reparation)
Desistance research is not a different form of ‘what works?’ research and is not in direct opposition to ‘what works’ research
Rather, it helps us to understand the process that such models, practices, programmes exist to support◦ More analogous to research on child/ individual
development than research on teaching methods; more in common with recovery literatures than treatmentliteratures.
◦ Its about the journey, not the vehicle Desistance research does not produce or prescribe a single
practice model, or a programme, or a solution
Practice Systems Realism Individualisation Hope Relationships Strengths and resources Self-determination Social capital Recognition
Sentencing? Prisons? Probation (Discovering
Desistance)? Families? Communities? Civil Society? The State?
Judicial
Moral
Social
Personal
Systematic review of the literature: catalogues - > screen by words - > screen by abstract - > full article/ report screen = 45 items > 17 articles/ reports eligible. (some failed of the 45 failed to distinguish between men and women)
Small scale studies
Cross- cultural differences
The need for meta- analyses
The importance of participating in research – to build up a picture
Bui and Morash (2010) The Impact of Network Relationships, Prison Experiences, and Internal Transformation on Women’s Success After Prison 20 interviews with women on parole (USA study) > material resources (housing and finance/ dealing with debts)> ending abusive relationships> time with pro –social friends
Cobbina (2010) Reintegration Success and Failure (file study + interviews of 50 women; USA)> stable positive family, practical support with finances and
childcare> being listened to, encouraged + practical help re finding
jobs> access to post release services (help with housing,
managing money
Difficult to sever ties with other family members who were offending and abusive partners
Lack of attention from parole officers (probation officers) who had very large caseloads
The variety of competing demands for time and energy upon release from prison
Study based on 25 mentees and 26 mentors. Conclusions point to the benefits of
mentoring:- personal agency- dealing with shame- shaping a ‘replacement self’
Based on interviews with 69 women 12 months after their release from prison in Australia (only 23 claimed to have been desisting after 12 months)- success or failure in dealing with drug addiction determined
success or otherwise regarding desistance- self- efficacy of the women- support from family
Study of 97 women and 83 men – life histories (USA study)
‘Cognitive transformation’:- openness to change- hooks for change (catalysts)- the creation of a ‘replacement self’ (a new ‘me’)
A study of 34 women in England and Wales Methodological weaknesses Three strategies of change:
- redirection … awakening of ‘personal agency’- recognition … success, acceptance, satisfaction & increased
self- esteem- reciprocal relationships …interdependence and equality
Study 138 young women and 138 young men 14- 15, 18- 19, 22- 25 years olds – self
reports and interviews Samples drawn from two Scottish towns Females – more likely to cite moral rationales
for stopping offending than males (image of being law abiding)
Females more likely to emphasise the relational aspects of desistance
Dissociation from offending peers important for the young women
Human agency (‘resolve’ and timing) Supportive relationships (emotionally and
materially supportive relationships which encourage interdependence)
Severing relationships with abusive partners/ offending peers
Dealing with practical problems Reasons to stop offending & ways to continue
desistance
Desistance as a process not an event Group support; self- efficacy; resilience Fix problems + build on human and social
‘capital’ ‘Normal- smiths’ to convey to women that
they are capable of achieving aspirations of pro- social, conventional roles (Rumgay, 2004)
The benefits of centres and services for women 1. Women only2. Mixed provision (offenders and non- offenders)3. Focus on empowerment4. Use of effective learning styles5. Holistic stance6. Facilitate links with mainstream agencies7. Provision for ‘top ups’8. Supportive milieu9. Practical help with transport and childcare
Supportive relationships Pro- social modelling Learning new skills/ new ways of being Practical management of life Empowerment
Huge potential for women’s centres to contribute to desistance
Lack of robust research findings Different theoretical models in play A focus on the practical (service delivery) & the
need for greater emphasis on models of change The need for consistency in approach in regard
to research evaluations Encouragement for research evaluations of the
work of centres and services What counts? Reconvictions plus and in the new
context of commissioning there is still scope to define the ‘plus’…which is encouraging…
But there is need to do this NOW!
Bottoms, A.E. and Shapland, J. (2011) Steps towards desistance among male young adult recidivists in S. Farrall, M. Hough, S. Maruna and R. Sparks (eds) Escape routes: contemporary perspectives on life after punishment. (Routledge, pp. 43-80).
Gelsthorpe, L. ‘Working with women offenders in the community: A view from England and Wales’ in R. Sheehan, G. McIvor and C. Trotter (eds0 Working with Women in the Community. Willan Publishing, pp 127-50)
Gelsthorpe, L. (2010) ‘What works with women offenders?’ in Transnational Criminology Manual (vol. 3) edited by M. Herzog- Evans (Wolf Legal Publishers pp 223- 40)
McIvor, G., Sheehan, R. and Trotter, C. (2009) ‘Women, resettlement and desistance’, Probation Journal, 56, 4, pp 347-61
Rumgay, J. (2004) ‘Scripts for safer survival: Pathways out of female crime’, Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 43, pp405-19)
As indicated, much of the work on desistance has been based on men. The following may nevertheless be of interest:- The road from crime (film):http://www.iriss.org.uk/resources/the-roadfrom-crime
- Follow the Desistance Knowledge Exchange blog:http:/ / blogs.iriss.org.uk/ discoveringdesistance- Farrington, D.P. (2007) ‘Advancing knowledge
about desistance’ Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 23,1, pp125- 134.
THE SOCIAL RETURN ON INVESTMENTFOR WOMEN’S COMMUNITY
SOLUTIONSNatalie Nicholles
New Econonic Foundation
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Social Return on Investment for Women’s Community Solutions
Natalie Nichollesnef consulting (new economics foundation)
25th September 2012
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Social Return on Investment (SROI)
Founded in 1986Economics Think Tank working to promote high well-being, environmental sustainability and social justice
Developed by nef in mid 2000sHolistic form of cost benefit analysisMeasures things hard to measurePopular with 3rd sector, Local Authorities, NHS, government
SROI = Outcomes = £1:£2Investment
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
SROI Research
• Capacity-build 5 Women’s community organisations over 12 months– January 2011 – March 2012– Organisations do the work, supported by nef
consulting
• Organisations applied best practice and latest sophistication in social research – they did this research themselves
• Academic input from Lorraine Gelsthorpe, Institute of Criminology at University of Cambridge
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Objectives • Strengthen and capacity build 5 organisations in Social Return on Investment (SROI) methodology continue to deliver effective and sustainable services relevant to their local context.
• Contribute to evidencing the sector’s value in a wider context to demonstrate the value of women’s community solutions to policy and decision makers.
5 Women’s Community organisations:Inspire Project (Brighton)
Trust (London)Women at the Well (London)
New Dawn New Day (Leicester) SWAN Project (Northumberland)
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Research stages
1. Theory of change: qualitative research & stakeholder engagement
2. Data collection: quantitative research on outcomes (distance-travelled at two points in time over 3 months, surveyed a representative sample of service users and scaled up to annual population
3. Valuation: of distanced-travelled through empirical research
4. Secondary research on impact and longevity of outcomes
5. Building an economic model6. Communication: presenting findings,
writing final reports and outputs
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Today 1. How women’s community solutions create change: theory of change
2. How much change they create for each women
3. Socio-economic impact of change
4. What this means for commissioning
5. Next steps
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Time
Awareness of additional support
builds
Beginning to trust
Begin to hope and plan for the future
Activities/Nature of Provision
Direct Outcome/Initial Change Longer Term Outcomes
Optimism
Trust and belonging
Begin to build relationships
(caseworker & peers)
Feel valued
Increase in self worth, and self esteem
Supportive relationships
Autonomy
Meaning and Purpose
Provision of appropriate physical
space
Recreate family environment
(support alongside boundary setting)
Resilience and self-esteem
Positive Functioning
Accept there is an alternative way of
living
Setbacks/lose contact
Measurable changes
Well-being domains
Build/reconstruct supportive relationships & avoid
destructive relationships
Build resilience – interrupt destructive pattern of behaviour
Develop longer term outlook, optimism builds
Control over own life
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
How much change?
• 91 women sampled 535 women in services. BEFORE / AFTER.
• Journey of change NOT linear:
1. Reach of overall movement (forward/backwards/maintained)
2. Significance or magnitude of change (size)
Intervention Future
Time
Cha
nge
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Reach of overall movement
• Overall direction of change after three months’engagement (average movement per woman)
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
What would have happened anyway?
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Significance or magnitude of change
• Average degree of change for all women per outcome domain (3-month measurement only)
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Socio-economic impact
• Attribution asked directly: 55% on average• Stakeholder:
– Women outcomes monetised– State unit costs calculated
Total savings from decreased demand£2,970,000
Women’s community solutions = 55%£1,620,000
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Socio-economic impact
• SROI Ratios varied for every £1 invested £3.44 to £6.65 of social value is created.
• Cost of community organisation ranged £1,700 - £2,300 per woman per year.
• These services create meaningful change (that’s damn hard to achieve) in a cost-effective way.
So, what next?
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
What does this mean for commissioning?
• Women’s community solutions is a uniquely effective model.
• Local commissioners understand their local need.
• Well-being changes created by Women’s Community Solutions needs to understood sustainable, demonstrable change
• Local commissioners measure what matters, not what is easy to measure lead to good, strong Value for Money.
• NOMS Commissioning Intentions 2013-14 intermediary outcomes are highlighted: well-being outcomes.
SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Mapping nef’s well-being domains
Resilience and self-esteem
Resilience and self-esteem
Optimism Meaning and Purpose
Meaning and Purpose
Optimism
Autonomy
Supportive relationships
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SROI for Women’s Community Solutions
Next steps • Women’s community solutions should be commissioned and measured on:– Resilience and optimism– Autonomy and self-efficacy– Meaning and purpose– Supportive relationships
• Joint commissioning framework to cut across silos and lead to sustainability
• nef and CIFC publishing report on these findings, aimed at raising awareness among local commissioners.
Invest small / value is huge. This is not a false economy, it’s a real one.
Thank you
PAYMENT BY RESULTS PILOTS
Mike Maiden Chief Executive
Staffordshire & West Midlands Probation Trust
A NATIONAL PICTURE
Jackie RussellDirector, Women’s Breakout
Our starting point• The majority of women imprisoned should not be there.
• To prevent and reduce crime committed by women gender specific approaches delivered in women only community based organisations work best.
• To achieve equitable outcomes for the majority of women, they need to receive different interventions to the majority of men.
Women’s Community Solutions
How do women flourish best?• Women only, easily accessible environments• Non authoritarian, co-operative, collaborative settings• Empowered to engage, holistic and practical• Address complex and multiple needs together• Address women-specific factors – child care, health,
mental health, relationships, sensitive to trauma• On-going access
Women’s Community Solutions• Where do we work?
• Early intervention – causes of crime• Diversion from custody• Support for women on remand• Supporting community sentences• Access into on-site services• Referral and accompany to other organisations
• Total number of referrals (2010/11) 3,496• Women with multiple needs 82%
Women’s Community Solutions• Enabling women to access support for amongst other things housing,
training, drug and alcohol addiction, benefits and debt advice, can be a key turning point in the cycle of offending
• More than half of the women who have accessed Women’s Community Service have consistently engaged with projects for longer than three months
• In 2010 a higher proportion of women than men completed their community sentence successfully, or had their sentences terminated for good progress on both community orders (69%) and suspended sentence orders (74%) versus 65% on both orders for men.
AnawimBirmingham
LaughterSWAN, Escape, Blythe – Fire Academy
Personal ch
allenge
ASHA, WorcesterAchievementSWAN, Escape, Blythe
Working together
Anawim, BirminghamProductive
engagementHopes
ASHA, WorcesterSWAN, Escape, Blythe
Pride and ownership
I have been addicted to alcohol for the past 10 years. I have been sober now for
6 weeks. I have started to gain more confidence in myself and started to like myself more since coming here. In the
past I have found it hard to trust anyone. Since coming to ISIS it has helped slowly
gain trust in people again.
Women’s Voices – ISIS, Gloucester
Evolve were there with me every step. I have never felt such fear, but again it all went how my Caseworker told me it would. It was adjourned for pre-sentencing reports. Saying goodbye to Philip and my family and friends was dreadful. I couldn’t believe I might not be going home with them. It was frightening. I can’t put into words how scared I was. I was shaking, felt sick. The judge told me to sit down as I couldn’t stand any longer.
Women’s Voices – EVOLVE, Halifax
Believe me I did not want to come. So I was dragged here kicking and screaming by my probation officer. I told her flat out I didn’t want to
come to a place full of men hating hippies and would rather go back to jail than attend this place. So I came along with my P.O with a face like
a slapped arse and the insolence of a 13 year old, adamant that I would not like it and rather do 6 weeks in jail, yet here I am just over a year later, with my DRR finished and only one week of probation left.
I come of my own accord now, I have no probation, court orders to answer to, I come just because I want to. I’m not saying it has been easy, far from it, but every time I have slipped up ISIS has helped me
back on my feet again, without any judgments or condemnation. They have just brushed me down and pointed me in the right direction.
Women’s Voices – ISIS, Gloucester
Women’s Community Solutions• Distinct approaches tailored to local circumstances
• External evaluations
• NOMS Quarter 3 Performance Review 2011/12
• NOMS Commissioning Intentions 2013/14 – ‘Where possible services should be delivered in women only groups’ – ‘it is unrealistic to expect that a single service must always demonstrate
an impact on reconviction without taking into account the other circumstances of an offender’s life’.
Women’s Community Solutions• 50 member organisations• Different ‘offers’ but core characteristics• Generally good relations with Trusts • Negotiate and work with our members• Sign post your providers to us• Visit our web site• Listen to our members
Women’s Voices in Provision
Emma Stazaker – Brighter FuturesJoy Doal – Anawim
Long history of working with Probation 3 offender managers benefits Breach High engagement rates, high completion of orders Extremely low re-offending rate of 3% for those
completing SA Orders
Co-location
Partnership SWMPT, Anawim & BSMHFT New team – specialist OM, Anawim caseworker &
Band 7 MHP Aim-to increase the use of the Mental Health
Treatment Requirement & create pathways into CMHTs
Mental Health Pilot
Integrated Offender Management (IOM) Information Sharing Joint visits Holistic approach Troubled Families Agenda IOM enforcement
Partnership Approaches
Provide a safe, gender specific environment Provide alternatives to custody Gender educated staff Holistic approach Partnership working to deliver your outcomes Office space for co-location
How can Women’s Community Services help?
Hand-outs
Questions?
Case Study
EXPECTATIONS OF TRUSTS IN DELIVERING SERVICES FOR
WOMEN
Colin AllarsNational Offender Management
Service
COMMISSIONING FOR CRIMINAL JUSTICE & HEALTH OUTCOMES
Nicola BengeBirmingham East & North PCT, NHS
Commissioning for Criminal Justice and Health outcomes
Nicola BengeNHS Cluster Director Public Health
Birmingham and Solihull
Choices?Why
WorryAbout
My Health
Commissioning for health:• Health is not about the absence of ill health• Its well being – physical, social, psychological
and mental• Its about supporting people to make the right
choice• Its about increasing access to good quality
care• Prevention
How do we reduce health inequalities• Biggest impact education• Early parenting• Early intervention• Keeping families together – where possible• Increase expectations• Reduce teenage pregnancies• Increase access to work and homes
Highly Vulnerable Women
• What's the view of health care?
• Supportive• Non judgemental
Violence to women and children –the NHS role
• Not a universal or systematic approach• Need to understand local need, not normalise• Early identification• Use of independent interpreters • Success and outcome measures
– Suicide– Mental health admissions– Addiction– Family cohesion– Education
Commissioning landscape
• Clinical commissioning groups• National commissioning boards• Local authority• Public health• JSNA• Health and well being boards
SAFE • Sex workers project• Sex trafficking has become a lucrative and ever
increasing problem for the City.• Those who sell sex have a range of complex
physical and mental health needs• The association between sex workers and
substance misuse is well known• It does not just have an impact on the women
but also her family, friends and community
Aims and Objectives• To make contact with sex workers across both markets via
targeted outreach provision• To provide a range of advice and information on sexual health and
substance misuse related issues• To provide clean injecting equipment and condoms• To help sex workers enter into structured treatment, and offer
counselling, prescribing services, health screening and access to detoxification/rehabilitation services– With outcomes that
• To reduce antisocial behaviour• To reduce the number of women engaging in sex work• To improve sexual health• To enable sex workers to become drug free and live meaningful
lives
Outcomes• Over the last 12 months:• The Outreach Team made contact with over 234
female sex workers . • The project helped 67% of women to disengage
from sex work. • 69% of clients ceased injecting• Distributed 4410 condoms.• 90 client attended GUM Clinics.• 63% of clients were tested for STI’s.• 38% of clients received dental work
Successes in joint commissioning
• Understanding what local women really want• Keep the focus on women and their families• Start to develop a shared language• What's the evidence, who are we missing?• Consistent story• Jointly funding – against broad definitions of
health
Thank You
Plenary Three : Commissioning and Co-commissioning
Do you have examples of productive co-commissioning for women; where are the opportunities ?
New Directions for Criminal Justice
CLOSING REMARKS
MIKE MAIDEN & JACKIE RUSSELL