wood 120 “topics in forestry” 1. 2 global distribution of forests
TRANSCRIPT
WOOD 120“Topics in Forestry”
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Global Distribution of Forests
www.iisd.org/wcfsd/currentforests.png
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Softwoods Hardwoods
(www.agpix.com)(Ellis)
(Côté)(Côté)(BC Wood Specialties) (http://woodcrafterplus.com)
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Softwoods Hardwoods
(www.agpix.com)(Ellis)
(Côté)(Côté)(BC Wood Specialties) (http://woodcrafterplus.com)
• Gymnosperms
• Evergreen
• Coniferous
• Angiosperms
• Deciduous
• Non-Coniferous
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Global Distribution of Forests
www.iisd.org/wcfsd/currentforests.png
Hardwoods
Hardwoods + Softwoods
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Global Distribution of Forests
www.iisd.org/wcfsd/currentforests.png
18%
25%17% 12%
7% 21%
Forest Harvest (Global)
• Subsistence (Domestic Survival)
• Non-subsistence (Industrial)
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Forested Lands in Canada
Biogeoclimatic Zones of BC
9(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)
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British Columbia - Forest Regions
Coast
Northern Interior
Southern Interior
(BC Ministry of Forests and Range, 2003)
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“Forest”
“A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a more or less dense and extensive tree cover, often consisting of stands varying in species composition, structure, age class, and associated processes, and commonly including meadows, streams, fish and wildlife.”
(Society of American Foresters, 1998)
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48%
34%
12%
1% 5%
Forested land
Non-forested land
Protected areas
Other Federal land
Private land
Land types in British Columbia
(BC Ministry of Forest and Range, 2003)
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Forest Land Ownership
Federal Provincial Private
BC 1% 96% 3%
Canada 14% 78% 8%
USA 37% 63%
(Canadian Forest Service, 2001)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada
Canada
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The “Politics” of Canadian Forests
• Federal Ministry of Natural Resources• Provincial Ministry of Forests, Lands and
Natural Resource Operations• Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM)• Canadian Forest Service
“To promote the sustainable development of Canada's forests and competitiveness of the Canadian forest sector for the well-being of present and future generations of Canadians.” (Natural Resources Canada, 2005)
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The “Politics” of Canadian Forests
• Federal Ministry of Natural Resources• Provincial Ministry of Forests, Lands and
Natural Resource Operations• Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM)• Canadian Forest Service
“To promote the sustainable development of Canada's forests and competitiveness of the Canadian forest sector for the well-being of present and future generations of Canadians.” (Natural Resources Canada, 2005)
Joe Oliver
Steve Thomsom
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Examples of Associations and NGOs
• Council of Forest Industries (COFI)• Truck Loggers Association (TLA) • Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC)
• Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) • Greenpeace Canada• Sierra Club of BC
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Canada’s Balance of Trade (2010)
(Statistics Canada)
Canada’s Balance of Trade (2004-2011)
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
Agriculture & fishing
Energy
Forest Products
Industrial goods
Machinery & equipment
Automotive products
Other
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$, Billion
(Statistics Canada, 2012)
Some BC Forest Facts
• In 2011, forest products made up 30 percent of all B.C.
exports, with a value of roughly $9.95 billion a year.
• Forestry is the number-one industry in BC’s northern
interior region producing more than one fifth of Canada’s
softwood lumber each year.
• Direct employment in the forest industry in 2010
averaged 55,500 positions, representing 2.5 percent of
total provincial employment.
• Half of softwood produced in Canada comes from BC
(52.5% in 2010)
20(Council of Forest Industries, 2011)
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BC Commercial Timbers
Softwoods (94%)• Lodgepole pine • Spruce• Hemlock• Balsam fir• Western red cedar• Yellow cedar• Douglas-fir• Ponderosa pine• Larch• White pine
• Hardwoods (6%)• Aspen• Red alder• Western white birch• Bigleaf maple
(Council of Forest Industries, 2000)
Timber volume in BC’s forests by species
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Forest Fires in BC
(Vancouver Province) (Top News)
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1783
2473
2394
976
2570
1606 2023
3064
1673
655
1659
1706
# of fires
Mountain Pine Beetle
(Natural Resources Canada)
Mountain Pine Beetle
NRCan
Innovation Canada
Blue-Stained Pine
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www.designsbyjessica.ca
www.painterforum.com
Total Area Affected by Mountain Pine Beetle in Western Canada
Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC
(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)
Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC
(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)
Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC
(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)
Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC
(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)
Global Economic Downturn• Real estate “bubble”
• Over optimism (real estate, stocks, etc.)
• Sub-prime mortgages → defaults
• Single family housing starts (USA)
2005 = 2.0 million; 2009 ≈ 0.5 million
• Home inventories (USA)
2006 = 5 million; 2009 = 10 million
• Demand for Canadian lumber ↓↓↓
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US Housing Starts and Lumber Prices
BC Interior Lumber Production
BC Forest Harvest