Modernism1900-1960

Modernism: confusing termRenaissance = Modern Time (1400-1600)Enlightenment = Modernity (1700-2000)Modernism = 1860-1960 (Baudelaire end of Second World War1900-1940: interbellum1905-1930: Dostoyewski, Nietzsche, Freud, Van Gogh, Czanne; Kafka, Proust, Joyce, Woolf

Politics1914-18: territoriality, colonies; 8,5 mio dead > McCrae In Flanders Fields1917 Russia: Bolshewist revolution (Lenin, Trotsky) > 1918-21: civil war > 1922 USSR1930s: NSDAP & Francos powers grow (Guernica 1937) Weimar Republik / state terrorism1940: outbreak of the second World War> Holocaust

CultureBig Cities, technical progresspopular forms of culture > music hallFilm: Eisenstein; Chaplin, DisneyAircraft 1910 (> masses in 1980) TV 1926 (> 1950-60)(Computer 1946 > 1990)Freud is a major source of inspiration to the arts and literature.

Marcel Proust (+1922) A la recherche du temps perdu (1922): hyperrealism of the interior: la madeleineImportance of maman Seems fragmentary but incredibly coherentChronicle of a conscience (>< Flaubert, Balzac, Zola)because of density > theories of how the memory works are developed > stream of consciousness

James Joyce (1882- 1941)Work:Dubliners (1914)Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man (1916)Ulysses (1922): Bloom (Odysseus), Molly (Penelope) & Stephen Daedalus (Telemachos); 16 June 1904; day > night Finnegans Wake (1939)Joycestarts with naturalistic symbolismexperimental realism mythological method; anti-hero (Bloomsday)Hyperrealism

Franz Kafka (1883-1924)Prague; Jewish and German cultureDie Verwandlung (the metamorphosis, 1915)The Trial (1914-5), Joseph K. 1925Das Schloss (1926): K. versus KlammDas UrteilOpacity of thingsPowerlessness of the human subjectParable structure; stories full of paradoxesUncanny prefiguration of how totalitarianism can be implemented through bureaucracy

BloomsburyVan Gogh & Fauves + Czanne & CubistsBloomsbury & sexual freedomFuturism, OrphismDadaism, Surrealism

Czanne St Victoire

Picasso Les demoiselles dAvignon

Braque, la Roche Guyon 1910

Synthetic cubism, c.1912

Jules de Bruycker Trenches 1914-1918

England: the Bloomsbury groupVanessa Bell (ne Stephen): painter, influenced by Roger Fry who introduces Czanne & Cubism in England; art which is integrated in the homeVirginia Woolf (Stephen) (1882-1941): stream of consciousness brought to a new precision > empathy with people (& war traumas); empowerment of women (Mrs Ramsay, Lily Briscoe)

Virginia Woolf by Duncan Grant 1911

Vanessa Bell (by Duncan Grant)

Omega Workshops 1913: art in the home

Cyril Power Speed Trial

Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)From Hyde Park to BloomsburyMother died early (Pre-Raphaelites); sexual abuse from half-brotherModern Fiction (1919)Mrs Dalloway (1925) > The Hours (M. Cunningham, 1998)To the Lighthouse (1927): Mrs Ramsay as a psychological portrait of VWs mother; about 2 days, one year apartOrlando (1928): historical gender novel, inspired by Vita Sackville-WestA Room of Ones Own (1929) money, a room of ones own and a tradition (George Eliot)The Waves,

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