word of the day hydrogen bonds: –weak bonds that hold the bases of dna together
TRANSCRIPT
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Word of the Day
• Hydrogen Bonds:– Weak bonds that hold the bases of DNA
together
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History of DNA
Milestones
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1869: Johann Friedrich Miescher
• Identifies an acidic substance, of unknown function, in the nuclei of human white blood cells.
• Calls it DNA
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1924
• DNA and proteins are present in the cell’s nucleus.
• Which one is the genetic information?
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No one knows!
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1944: Oswald Avery
• Identifies DNA as the genetic material
• Most scientist did not believe that it was the genetic material because DNA is so simple
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1949: Erwin Chargaff
• finds that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine in DNA from every species.
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1951: Rosalind Franklin
• What did this picture show her?
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1953: James Watson and Francis Crick
• discover the molecular structure of DNA
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DNA Structure:
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1991: Human Genome Project
• Goal: to map out the human genes
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Information Set #1
• *DNA is a polymer. A polymer is a very long, chainlike molecule made of smaller sub unit molecules.
• *These subunits are like links in a chain.
• *They are attached by covalent bonds
• *Four different subunits exist.
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Information Set #2
• *DNA consists of two long chains of these 4 subunits
• * The subunits each have a sugar, a phosphate and a base - called a nucleotide
• *These chains are twisted around each other in a double helix. (A helix is the shape a pipe cleaner takes when it is twisted around a pencil)
• * The two chains are held together with weak hydrogen bonds at the bases.
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Information Set #3
• *The order of the subunits in one strand determine the order of the subunits in the other strand.
• *The sugar and phosphate form a “backbone” to the polymer.
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Assignment: Poster
Title
Vocab List
Paragraph describing structure
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Vocabulary words
• Nucleotide
• Nitrogen bases
• Chargaff’s rules
• Double helix
• Hydrogen bonds
• Sugar
• phosphate