work based learning framework in zambia
TRANSCRIPT
Work Based Learning
Framework in Zambia
By Herbert Mwaanga
29/07/20217TH ZAMBIA WATER FORUM AND
EXHIBITION
ZAWAFE 2021
7th – 8th June 2021
29/07/20218TH ZAMBIA WATER FORUM
AND EXHIBITION
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BUILDING A SKILLED WORKFORCE
Presentation Outline
1. Introduction
2. Purpose of WBL Frameworka) Objectives
b) WBL challenges in Zambia
3. Conceptual and Definitional Considerationsa) Defining WBL
b) Guiding principles
4. Proposed Elements of WBLa) Building Blocks for WBL framework
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Introduction• Having realized the fragmentation of policies and
implementation of WBL, The Government through MoHE
in 2015 requested ILO for financial and technical support
for skills development in Zambia.
• With this support two important workshops were held in
2016 and 2017
• In 2016, took stock of the legislative and institutional
Framework and financing mechanisms, highlight the
status of WBL in Zambia and to recommend a way forward
• In 2017, with support from ILO the MoHE in collaborations
with Key stakeholders validated the WBL framework
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Introduction• This framework provides guidance for implementing a
comprehensive Work-based Learning (WBL) system in
Zambia.
• The framework seeks to address issues related to the
concept of WBL, its legal status, institutional Framework
and governance; matters related to its co-ordination,
funding, quality assurance and monitoring and evaluation.
• It is expected to provide broad direction to the current and
future WBL system in light of the varied socio-economic
challenges facing Zambia
• The framework therefore links skills to productivity,
employment and development, facilitated through policy
coherence, coordination and collaboration by key
stakeholder29/07/2021
7TH ZAMBIA WATER FORUM AND EXHIBITION
Objectives of WBL Framework • To provides guidance for implementing a comprehensive
Work-based Learning (WBL) system in Zambia.
– This is in line with Goal 4 of the United Nations’ Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), whose focus is to “Ensure
inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong
learning”
• To co-ordinate, regulate and incentivize stakeholders to
collaborate and strengthen workplace learning.
• To provide a starting point for advancing WBL initiatives
in Zambia
• To enhance the policy and regulatory environment to
provide direction for various types of WBL training.
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Apprenticeship Internship
TraineeshipIndustrial
attachment
WBL
Common Types of WBL
WBL Challenges
Limited national legal framework
Large informal economy
limited trained personnel accredited to supervise/
provide workplace learning and assessment
low quality of workplace
learning
limited availability of work places
supporting WBL
Weak links between training providers & employers/industry
Lack of incentives for industry players to
promote skills development.
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CONCEPTUAL AND DEFINITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR WBL
29/07/20217TH ZAMBIA WATER FORUM AND
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• Key Considerations
– Defining Work Based Learning
– Guiding Principles
Defining Work Based Learning
• No agreed definition WBL, broad consensus can be reached around the following slogan:
• ‘It is learning for work, learning at work and learning through work’
• The most comprehensive global consensus around the concept of WBL refers to “all forms of learning that takes place in a real work environment.”
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Guiding Principles
• The IAG-TVET (2017), recommends the following guiding
principles
1. Giving a strong role to employers’ and workers’ organisations
in the design and implementation of programmes
2. Promoting WBL at all educational levels and in potential
growth sectors
3. Offering tailor-made support services to facilitate WBL in
micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)
4. Encouraging the involvement of employers’ and workers’
organisations in the assessment of WBL
5. Making in-company trainers and school teachers ready for
WBL
6. Explaining the benefits of WBL to employers, students and
parents.
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Guiding Principles In addition, the Zambian framework recommends the
following key guiding principles
1. Coherence with the Seventh National Development
Plan
• The 7NDP (2017-2021) establishes the roadmap to national
development over five years. The 7NDP theme is
“Accelerating development efforts towards the Vision 2030
without leaving anyone behind.
• The 7NDP provides an important strategic lever for this
WBL Framework to give the necessary attention to
workplace learning.
2. Relevance and Appropriateness for Context
• The WBL framework must be appropriate for the Zambian
context, with current practices taken as a starting point.
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Guiding Principles In addition, the Zambian framework recommends the
following key guiding principles
3. Comprehensiveness – Incorporating the Formal and
Informal Economies
• This framework provides the basis for uniform principles
that guide effective practice in all sectors of the formal
and informal economies.
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PROPOSED ELEMENTS OF THE WBL
FRAMEWORK
• This section of the Framework proposes various
mechanisms to establish, implement, monitor and
evaluate a WBL system.
• Building blocks for quality WBL
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Quality WBL
1.Meaningful social dialogue for
effective governance and
coordination1.Robust
regulatory framework
1.Clear roles and
responsibilities
1.Equitable funding
mechanisms
1.Strong labour market
relevance
Inclusiveness
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Building Blocks
1. Meaningful Social Dialogue for Effective Governance
and Coordination
• Social dialogue is a prerequisite for effective WBL
practice.
• A stakeholder-driven WBL system requires joint
engagement and commitment by all parties on rights,
responsibilities and accountability structures
• Dialogue is at different levels (National, Provincial, District, etc)
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Building Blocks
2. Responsive Regulatory Framework
• An effective WBL system requires a robust and stable
regulatory framework, which establishes the overall
conditions for design and implementation.
• Legislation needs to specify clear guidelines for ensuring
effective implementation.
• Zambian Legislations
– The Apprenticeship Act (1964)
– The TVET Policy Act (1996)
– The Education Act (2011)
– The Employment Act (2015)
– The Higher Education Act (2013)
– The Zambia Qualifications Authority Act (2011)
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Building Blocks
3. Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities
• The effectiveness of WBL practice requires awareness and
involvement by the different implementing agencies regarding
the type of WBL forms, their duration, certification and the
rights and responsibilities of all the contracting parties
4. Equitable Funding Mechanisms
• An optimal, sustainable and equitable funding arrangement is
a core aspect of the design and implementation of WBL
programmes.
• Sharing of the financial responsibility through fair distribution
of costs amongst the relevant stakeholders will be essential
for an effective financial model.
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Building Blocks
5. Labour Market Relevance
• The challenge of the mismatch between the skills that are
needed by employers and those possessed by graduates
coming out of TEVET institutions or universities.
• The skills that are demanded by employers are simply not
available because the education and training system is not
aligned with labour market needs
6. Inclusiveness
• The WBL Framework needs to ensure that all those
disadvantaged in the labour market, whether due to income
poverty or lack of experience in or poor understanding of the
formal labour market; discrimination on the basis of gender,
disability, race or ethnicity, among others; and geographical
isolation with poor access to quality education and job
opportunities are targeted
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