work study prof. dr. orhan torkul arş. gör. m. raşit cesur arş. gör. furkan yener
TRANSCRIPT
Work StudyProf. Dr. Orhan TORKULArş. Gör. M. Raşit CESURArş. Gör. Furkan YENER
Work Design and Organizational Success• Elementally, the ability of an organization to convert form input to output.
• Productivity =
Effectivity
Efficiency
Quality
Innovation
Productivity
Quality of business life
Profitability (Organizational
success)
Output
Input
Method Study• Method study is a systematic approach to find out easier and better ways in
order to be success in a task.
• 5 steps for systematic approach in Method study;
1. Select the work: Highest cost or lovest productivity works are prefered in generally.2. Obtain and save the facts: Datas should save such as actual method and frequency of work3. Examine the details: Actual method should examined, Some elemants could be removed or
modified.
Method Study• 5 steps for systematic approach in Method study;
4. Improve better method and make tests: New method should be improved based on changes and make tests.
5. Establish and sustain of the improvement: Improved method should be enhanced and implemented.
Flow Process Diagrams/Charts• Flow work diagram contains all activities(operations, storages, inspection,
carrying and delays) in a process.
ProcessStartSpecialistActual_____Proposed______
Man____ or Material _______
Stop
DateSteps
1.2.3.4.5...
Symbols Explanations
Flow Process Charts
Two Handed Process Charts• Two Handed Process Chart could be used for analyze of work made by
someone at the spesific work center .
Two Handed Process Charts
Two Handed Process ChartsOperation________ Name _________ Date ___________Actual _______________ Proposed ____________
Work place layout and product drawing (if it is necessary)
Left hand Activities1.2.3.4.5...
Symbols Right Hand Activities
Two Handed Process chart
Two Handed Process Charts
Operation: (one) hand makes some efficient operation,
Transport: (one) hand moves from one place to another,
Delay : Hand does nothing, waits,
Hold : Hand keeps an object.
Other Schemas• Flow process chart : A flow diagram is basically a process flow diagram of the
facility was drawn with the goal of the configuration.• Multiple activity Schema: Multi - activity Schema shows at least two or more
objects, man and machine activities simultaneously.• Work Distrubition Schema: the list of everybody’s activities and
responsibilities in a departmant or group.• Operation Process Chart: Inessential work, inspection or storage are
eliminated and to obtain proper sequences of the these.• Gantt Schema: Gantt Schema is a horizontal timeline diagram which is used in
scheduling and it shows relative timeline of various activities.
Principles of Movement’s Economy• Thoughts and notions are proved of benefits when effective work procedure is
planning.• The following principles of movement’s economy list is taken from Mundel.
1. Remove2. Combining3. Redesign4. Simplification
Human Engineering• Workers and machines can work together as a system to ensure more
effective and efficient human-machine interface design.• Today, thanks to human engineering, machinery may lowered or set up higher
position or completely re-designed and thus the worker and the machine can be provided as a single system work better.
• A good example of Human engineering is aircraft cockpit design.
Work Measurement• Under normal operating conditions and at a normal pace, and trained an
average person working 8 hours per day, a measure of the time required for the fulfillment of the task.
1. Normal Time2. Normal tempo3. Actual Time4. Tolerances
Standart Time Calculation1. Directly Time study2. Time study’s standart datas3. Pre-determined Time systems4. Pre-determined Time systems standart datas 5. Work sampling
Direct Time Study• The actual time required to do a job, taking into account the tolerance
measure of the time directly.
Time Study Form
Performance Evaluation CalculationsOPERATION AVERAGE
1 152 73 54 8
Total Actual Time =15+7+5+8=35Success Evaluation =%115Normal Time =(35)(1,15)=40,25Tolerances =%12Standart Time =(40,25)(1,12)=45,08
Normal Time = Actual Time X Success EvaluationIf operator performance is %90 or less than %10 from normal expectations, Normal time colculates as following solution.
Normal Time = (35)(0,90) = 28,50To suppose doing a study and personal needs constitute work days %4 and tiredness effects the performance %5 and unavoidable delays accure %3 at time.
Tolerances = %4 + %5 + %3 = %12We needs to add Tolerances to the Normal time in order to calculate the Standard time we may find Standart time as follows.
Standart Time:(40,25)(1,12) = 45,08
Time Study’s Standart Datas• Time study’s standart data’s using the worths which are obtained from normal
time schedule previously.
Y
X 6 cm 8 cm 10 cm 12 cm
6 cm 0,025 0,026 0,026 0,027
8 cm 0,026 0,026 0,027 0,027
10 cm 0,027 0,028 0,028 0,029
12 cm 0,027 0,028 0,029 0,030
Pre-determined Time Table• Leave any parts of the job detail, various factors (weight, distance and etc.)
previously created by taking into consideration, when utilized as reference values table is called a pre-determined time table.
• Giving an object from one hand to another; weight > 2 lb. X 0,454 kg.
Distance Time
4 inch x 2,54 cm 0,00412 min
8 inch 0,00591 min
Work Sampling• Rate for the time spent on a specific type of activity, instantaneous
measurements made using the calculation of random variables is called work sampling.
Percentage of Occurrence A Facility
=
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
2
4
6
8
10
Accumulated Per-centageStandard
Number of observations
Accu
mul
ated
per
cent
age
Productivity Measurement•
• D
Normal Productivity Measurement Model1. Quiet contemplation 2. Cyclically to express thoughts3. Intra-group netting4. Voting
Multi-Factor Productivity Measurement ModelBasically, MFPMM have two ways that may affect the profitability of an organization.1. Re-pricing2. Productivity Variation
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