W O R K IN G B O Y S ’ C O T T A G E , S C H O O L F O R F E E B L E - M IN D E D , F A R IB A U L T .

|

SCHOOL FO R FE E B LE -M IN D E D . 221

Minnesota School for Feeble-Minded

and Colony for Epileptics.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT

Biennia l Period End ing July 31, 1910.

Superintendent......................................................A. C. ROGERS, B. S., M. D., LL. D.

Secretary and Stenographer........................................... MISS BERTHA JENSEN

First Assistant Physician......................................A. R. T. W YLIE , PH. D., M. D.

Assistant Phys ic ian ....................................................................... O. F. LANG, M. D.

Assistant Physician ................................................................. A. C. TANNER, M. D.

Consulting Oculist and Aurist............................................... A. F. PRINGLE, M. D.

General M atron ............................................................... MISS MARGARET WOOD

Matron Girls’ Custodia and Women’s Division of Epileptic Colony—

MRS. EUGENIA W YLIE

Matron Boys’ C u s to d ia .... ....................................... MISS MARY D. STRITCH

Matron Men’s Division of Epileptic Colony..................MRS. S. A. ARCHIBALD

Principal of Schools.................................................... MISS MARGARET McLEAN

Stew ard ..............................................................................................W. A. RICHARDS

Chief Engineer ................................................... ..................... H. L. WHERLAND.

Superintendent of Building Construction............................M. GORDON CRAIG.

State Board of Control, St. Paul, Minn.:

Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit herewith the sixteenth biennial

report of the Minnesota School for Feeble-Minded and Colony for Epileptics,

as follows:

POPULATION.

Movement July 31, 1908, to August 1, 1910.Males. Females. Total.

Present August 1, 1908........................................... 527 456 983Absent fur the time (summer vacation, etc)........ 85 00 145Admitted during' the two years.................... . 147 158 305Re-admitted during the two years......................... 31 19 50

Total....................................................................7 9 0 693 1,483

Discharged and dropped.......................................... 68 44 112Died ..'....................................................................... 57 54 111Absent for the time (summer vacation, etc.)....... 89 83 172Present July 31, 1910............................................... 576 512 1,088

Total.................................................................... 790 693 1,483

The total attendance was 1908-1909, 1,266; 1909-10. 1.352.The average attendance was: 1908-1909, 1,099.5; 1909-1910, 1,192.18.

222 F IF T H B IE N N IA L R E P O R T STATE BOARD OF CONTROL

A P P L IC A T IO N S .

App l ica t ions H ave Been Received as Follows:

1908-1909.1009-1910.

A p p lic a t io n s prev ious . . . .

T ota l to Ju ly 31, 1910.

To A u g u s t 1. 1908 .........................................D u r in g the b ie nn ia l period, as above.

T o ta l..................................Re-ad m iss ions deducted

A D M IS S IO N S .

T ota l, d ifferent in d iv id u a ls .

Males.85

111

Females,8886

Totals,173197

1961,698

1741,321

3703,019

1,894 1,495 3,389

Males. 1,411

178

Fem ales,1,004

177

Totals.2,415

355

1,589113

1,18166

2,770179

1,4 76 1,115 2,591

C A U S E S O F D IS M IS S A L .

Augus t , 1, 1908, to Ju ly 31, 1910.

Males.C ared for by parents or re la t iv e s .................................. 58Supporting- them selves .................................................... 6R em oved from the s ta te ................................................... 1T ransferred to hosp ita ls for in s a n e ........................... ........T ransferred to the S ta te P ub lic S choo l................... lT ransferred to the School for the D e a f ................... 1D isch a rg ed as norm a l a nd re tu rned to h o m e ..........................E sc ap e d , w hereabou ts u n k n o w n .................................... 1

T o ta l ...................................................................................... 68

Fem ales.34135144

T o ta ls .927451111112

H E A L T H A N D M O R T A L IT Y .

Ep idemics .

There have been no serious epidemics during the period covered by this

report. From February to June , 1909, there were 25 cases of chicken pox

(20 boys and 5 girls). A m ild form of scarlet fever involved an equal number

of patients (7 boys and 18 g irls) during the six months from February to

Ju ly inclusive, 1909, resulting in no m ortality .

Other Diseases.

There have been 21 cases of d iph theria scattered through the period, two

of which died. The table of m orta lity and hospital treatm ent w ill be found

fo llow ing th is report.

D IS T R IB U T IO N O F P O P U L A T IO N .

On August 1, 1910, the population of the institu tion was distributed as fo l­

lows:

M ales Fem ales . Totals.D e p a rtm e n t for F eeb le-Minded :

School ............................................................................... 215 200 415C ustod ia .......................................................................... 307 266 573F a rm colony ................................................................... 55 ........ 55

D e p a r tm e n t for ep ile p tic s ................................................ 87 127 214D e p a r tm e n t for in cu rab le s ............................................... 1 2 3

T o ta l ...................................................................................... 665 595 1,260

D E P A R T M E N T F O R F E E B L E - M IN D E D .

School and Indus tr ia l T ra in ing Div is ion.

The schools have, I believe, m aintained their established reputation for

efficient train ing .

The follow ing table outlines the daily routine of school exercises:

1

SCHEDULE OF SCHOOL CLASSES

K IN D E R G A R T E N L IT E R A R Y S P E C IA L CLASSES M AN UAL T RA IN IN G

Miss D ill in g h a m D irectress

Miss Heath M iss M arsh A ssistants

21 Boys, 19 Girls -43

P r i m a r y I nterm ediate

Articulation

Mrs. Lang Teacher

22 Boys 25 Girls

M usic

G ymnastics

Miss Anderson Teacher

63 Boys 76 Girls

Art W ork

M iss Peltier Teacher

B asketry

M iss Peltier Teacher

3 Boys 46 Girls

Se w in g and Lace

Mrs. LaGrave Teacher

111 Girls

Sloyd

Miss Groshong Teacher

72 Boys

Net

Miss Bartholo­mew, Teacher

72 Boys 48 Girls

CustodiaE p ile p t ic

Colony

Boys and Girls

Mrs. Cranbrook Teacher

SU N DAY-

1st Division Miss Davison Teacher

22 Boys

2nd Division Miss Blalock

Teacher

22 Boys 8 Girls

Class B Miss Hawley

Teacher

21 Boys 44 Girls

Class A Miss Foulke

Teacher

19 Boys 12 Girls

VOCAL Miss Lutz

Teacher

29 Boys 31. Girls

B A N D AN D O RC H E ST R A

Mr. Steppan Teacher

21 Boys 7 Girls

Sk in n er H all AND

SUNNYSIDE

Miss McPhee Teacher

T U ESDAY

A L L C H I L D R E N I N A S S E M B L Y H A L L F O R O P E N I N G E X E R C I S E S

8:40 Morning Circle in 8:40 Talk, Song or'Talk or Song 15 Girls Talk C o r r e c t i v e Vocal Teacher Instruments Medical Work Teacher with 12 pupils from 21 hand work 10 boys from 23 pupils from KindergartenKindergarten Story Phonics Reading (ac­ 4th Reader Speech work, plays for all Violin, 6 pu ­ 11 Girls B a s k e t r y al l schoo l 7 machine P r i m a r y P rimary and

tion words), Hygiene and oral work g y m n a s t i c pils: Cello, 1 Classes classes 8 lace classes Intermediate9:00 Gift Work 9:00 Heading (prim ­ 1st Reader Class Writing, Num 2d Reader with deaf pu­ classes in pupil; Double Medical Work Classes Elementary

er) Spelling bers, Sense Numbers pils morning Bass, 1 pupil 11 Boys school work9:25 March or Rhy th ­ 9:20 Reading (prim­ Reading (prim ­ games Spelling Pupils are sent Cornet, 4 pu ­ Calisthenics 12 Pupils from 24 hand work 10 boys from 25 pupils from Simple hand

mic Work er) er) 12 Girls Writing f r o m a l l pils ; Clarinet, Games, Rings a l l s c h o o l 8 machine P r i m a r y Primary and workReading (1st school classes 3 pupils, Con­ Dancing 17 classes 9 lace classes IntermediateReader) Spell- cert Horns, 5 Boys Classes

9:45 Story or Talk Language Work

9:40 Reading (Ac­tion Words)

Reading (Ac­tion Words)

ing, Writing, Numbers Handwork once a week

Numbers pupils; Tenor 2 pupils; Bar­itone, 1 pupil; Bass, 1 p up il;

Calisthenics Games, Rings Dancing, 17 Boys

Sense Games and training

9:55 Games 10:00 Numbers Numbers Spelling and Drums and Calisthenics 10 pupils from 31 hand work 12 boys from 13 pupils from11 Boys Read­ Language Traps, 3 pu­ Games, Rings a l l s c h o o l 8 machine P r i m a ry Primary and

ing ( ls t Read- pils 38 Girls classes 5 lace classes Intermediateer), Spelling Classes

10:15 Occupation or Hand Work

10.20 Writing Writing Writing,NumbersHandwork

Numbers and Language

Light A heavy apparatus, Games, Danc­

once a week ing, 18 BoysRecess0:40 Recess 10:40 Recess Recess Recess Recess Recess Recess Recess Recess Recess Recess Recess

1:00 Out Doors 11:00 Out Doors Writing Recess Numbers Marching tac­ 22 hand work 10 boys from 29 pupils fromPlay and Physi­ Walks 12 Girls, 2nd 6th Reader tics light gym- 4 machine Intermediate School a n dcal Exercises Games Reader, 3rd

Reader,Spell­nastics games 11 Girls

5 lace Classes D o m e s t i cclasses

1:30 Gather for Greet­ing, Song, Talk

11:30 Physical Exer­cises

Writing and Phonics

ing, Writing, Numbers

LanguageArithmetic

Pupils are from primary and

Marching tac­tics, L i g h t

15 pupils from Domestic De­

Drawing and intermediate Gymnastics, partmentPainting once school classes Games

2:00 Sense Gaines 1:30 Action Games Word Drill a week 3rd Reader Junior Chorus Folk Dancing, Drawing and 32 hand work 10 boys fromOccupation or Songs, Mem­ Writing 12 Girls, Out- Spelling 11 B o y s ; 7 Daily lessons, Aesthetic Water Colors, 13 machine Domestic De­Free Play ory Drill Door Games Girls, Action 15 to 20 m in­ Dancing, 16 11 boys 12 lace partment

and Walks Songs, etc. utes each Girls2.30 Games 2:00 Hand Work Reading (prim­ Color Work or Beginners ’Cho­ Designing, 10 boys f r o m 16 pupils from

mer), N um ­ E l e m e n t a r y Writing rus, 10 boys,2 Rehearsals 3 Drawing and Intermediate Domesticbers Hand Work, Girls,K inder­ evenings each Water Colors, Classes

Sweeping, garten Songs week 10 Girls14 pupils from2:30 Sense Training Drawing and Dusting Measuring, Senior Chorus, Teacher super­ 10 boys from

Water Colors Time Telling or Construc­tion Work

8 boys. 22 Girls, Sacred and Secular Songs, Oper­etta Music

vises art work in Primary & Intermediate Rooms

Intermediate School Clas­ses

K indergarten

Elementary school work

Simple hand work

Song and Story hour daily

G E N E R A L

9 :00 A. M. to 10:00 A M. All teachers on duty. Chapel Exercises 7:00 to 8:00 P. M.AU teachers on duty. Rev. F. A. McElwain, Chaplain.

Dance for school chil­dren and working classes, 7 to 8 P. M.

T H U R S D A Y - Mid-week ho liday.

F R ID A Y — Dance for Custodial Chil­dren 7 to 8 P . M . or Stereopticon or Musical entertainment in Assem­bly Hall for everybody. One entertainment each month is given by pupils in music, classes.Orchestra plays for all dances and chapel ser­vices.

each period of from 1 to 4 hours, hand ironing, “shaking out” and operating mangle.

P R IN T IN G —8 boys, 8 to 12, 1:30 to 4:00. Type setting and press work. (All forms, blanks, notices, programs, etc., used by institution, a m onthly school paper, the ‘ ‘North Star,” and a quarterly, the “ Journal of Psycho-Asthenies” axe printed here.

G A R D E N — Classes of Boys and Girls of from 40 to 50 each are detailed to garden work, picking vegetables, etc., as required.A small school garden of boys and one of girls is organized each year.

T A IL O R IN G A N D D R E S S M A K IN G - 13 girls, graduates of school department, work from 6 to 8 hours a day making all garments for children under supervision of tailoress and dress­maker.

SCHOOL FO R FEEB LE -M IN D E D . 223

Research Laboratory .

It is a gratifying matter of record that provision is to be made for the

special psychological examination of all of our children by a trained labo­

ratory expert, who will devote his entire time to research work (one other

feature of which is referred to later). This is an invaluable auxiliary to

the training work of the institution in that it will facilitate classification and

therefore economize time and teaching resources.

G y m n a s iu m and Indus t r ia l T ra in ing Bu i ld ing .

Provision of adequate accommodations for the employment and train­

ing of the older boys, separately from the older girls is still lacking, although

the experience of the last two years has emphasized the necessity for same,

as previously stated. As the last legislature appropriated sufficient funds

to increase the inmate population to 1,500, independent of the farm colony

growth, it would seem wise to provide still more adequate room for a

general gymnasium and the training of children, especially boys of a lower

grade, than was at that time recommended, when it was assumed that the

ultimate population would be less. This training of all grades of imbeciles

(middle grade feeble-minded), ranking at from forty to sixty per cent in

mental aptitude as compared with the high grade feeble-minded, is a per­

fectly practical matter, and makes the difference between helplessness and

increasing degeneracy, and usefulness in simple manual occupations under

a trained attendant. The rapid growth of the institution and the large

accession to this class has not been met by a corresponding provision for

their training. Just as from the public school a number must drop out

because they cannot keep pace with the prescribed literary and mathe­

matical requirements, who yet are capable of doing well in some one or more

manual occupations, so there is a goodly number of feeble-minded children

who can make but little progress by the more refined methods of the school­

room designed for and successfully applied to their comparatively brighter

fellows, who yet are far from meriting assignment to the wards of totally

incompetent mentalities. By patient instruction and example they can learn

to do and enjoy doing the simple things, like shoveling, hoeing, handling

wheelbarrows, piling brick or stone, etc. How often such a boy develops

a well marked ambition when he finds that he is doing just the same kind

of work that, normal men are doing. He feels, perhaps, for the first, time

that he is really a man—unconscious, of course, of his dependence upon the

quiet but watchful and tactful direction and superior will of the trained

attendant.

Again, there is much need of a larger room for athletic exercise of

school children during the winter months, and also for the accommodation

of the public on stated occasions when industrial displays and public exer­

cises by the children are open to visitors. We have no room at present

adequate for this purpose. A building that shall combine the facilities

indicated herein is very much needed.

" H I L L C R E S T . "

W o rk in g Boys ’ Bu i ld ing .

The new building for working boys, those employed about the Main

Building, is also, it seems to me. an ideal structure (also built of concrete

224 FIFT H B IEN N IA L RE PO RT ST A T E B O A R D O F C O N T RO L

and thoroughly fireproof) in architectural beauty and complete equipment

for our boys, where plunge and shower baths are features, and a boxball

and billiard room afford especial attractions for indoor winter amusement

for this one group after their day’s work is done.

C U S T O D IA L D IV IS IO N .

Your board are to be congratulated upon the achievement of such

excellent provision for the housing and care of low grade custodial and

physically helpless children, as realized in the concrete building known as

"Skinner Hall Annex." This combines thorough fireproof construction,

architectural beauty, both inside and out, with ideal sanitary conditions,

forced ventilation, and an open air court where these children can live

during all favorable weather in the air, with sunshine or shade as required,

screened from public curiosity, and all at the reasonable cost of $650 per bed,

furnished and equipped—and that during this period of previously unknown

high cost of construction. This building affords complete service for in­

mates and help, except cooking, and dining room for help. Among the

many excellent buildings in this country planned for this purpose. I know

of none that to my mind meets all of the requirements so satisfactorily.

While this applies especially to the building for girls, the completion of the

addition to the building for custodial boys, “Sunnvside Annex No. 2,” which

you now have under consideration, will, when completed, have many of the

same valuable features, and the two will care for the most urgent cases

now pending classifiable in them. Of course, their combined capacity will

not anticipate the stream of applications still to follow at the average rate

of one every other day, and certainly the growth of the institution should

be limited soon.

F A R M C O L O N Y D IV IS IO N .

Another achievement of the board that marks an important historical

development of the institution was the purchase of the Walcott Colony Farm

of 507 acres of first-class land, isolated from the main plant, yet of con­

venient access by teams, and on the main line of the C. R. I. & P. Ry.,

affording shipping facilities, if required. The nearest point of the farm is

one and one-half miles due south from the Main Building. By road the

distance is four and one-half miles. This location, should in my judgment,

afford the opportunity for such future development of the institution as

it may be required to make in colonizing boys of suitable mental and

physical ability in groups of fifty or thereabout. A dormitory building,

sim ilar to the one on the Springdale dairy farm, should be provided at an

early date so that the older boys from the home group could be colonized

there, as fast as they are prepared for it.

D E P A R T M E N T F O R E P IL E P T IC S .

Hydrotherapeu t ics .

The Colony for Epileptics has made a marked advance by the installation

and operation of the hydrotherapeutic room. The treatment here, together

with the regular employment of a larger number of patients in garden and

G I R L S' C U S T O D IA L B U IL D IN G . S C H O O L F O R F E E B L E - M IN D E D , F A R IB A U L T . (S k inne r H a ll A n n e x .)

SCHOOL FO R F E E B L E M IN DED . 225

field work, has made a decided improvement on the health, morale and

happiness of the patients.

The same feature added to the department for epileptic women would be

equally beneficial.

Chicken Ranch .

The care of chickens has become a successful feature of the institu tion ,

and while only a small number of girls have so far been employed in it. it

gives promise of becoming a valuable and appropriate occupation for female:,,

especially epileptic women.

D E P A R T M E N T F O R IN C U R A B L E S .

This department, created by the last legislature, has received three

patients; one young woman incapacitated by reason of rheum atic arthritis ,

another largely helpless from deform ity of feet and hands, and one man

suffering from paralysis, which renders h im absolutely helpless, unable to

even raise a hand or foot. The applications for adm ission to this department

have not been sufficient up to the close of the b iennia l period to throw

much ligh t upon the future possibilities of its usefulness, or to suggest any

immediately necessity for special build ings and equipm ent for it.

G E N E R A L M A T T E R S .

Centra l K i tchen .

The completion of the Central Kitchen has improved our food service

m aterially and we have experienced no difficulty in serving bu lky food hot

and appetizing at all of our buildings, including the colony for male epileptics

and dairy farm , situated about one-half m ile from the kitchen. The cooking

is the same for a ll departments, except when intentionally modified for

therapeutic reasons, and is uniform ly good— a condition not found to be true

w ith several kitchens in scattered locations. Some difficulty is experienced

in serving satisfactorily small portions for the sm all official fam ilies neces­

sarily located at a considerable distance from the kitchen. About SO per cent

of the help are served near the kitchen. However, a larger and better

arranged d in ing room is required to make the service entirely satisfactory,

and experience is gradually removing the objections referred to in serving

small portions at a distance. The completion of the subway connecting

Sk inner H all, Sunnyside and the hospital w ith the kitchen (as well as power

house) w ill enable the service to be made a little more nearly un ifo rm as

to time, than is possible from the one wagon serving the several d is tant

departments in succession.

T H E P R E V E N T I O N OF F E E B L E M I N D E D .

Ste ri li zat ion .

In spite of the claims of its advocates that sterilization of crim inal

classes and defectives would soon and forever eradicate these classes from

society, there is reason to believe that its application is of lim ited value. As

to the feeble-minded, we know tha t the largest num ber come from fam ilies

of neurotic or diseased stock. A few come from fam ilies of apparently

226 F IF T H B IE N N IA L R EP O R T STATE BOARDS O F CONTROL

the best stock— fam ilies most of the members of which are in every way

s trong , forceful people and excellent citizens Those sporadic cases can­

not bp accounted for in the ligh t of our present knowledge, by heredity

or, at least, by any distinct hereditary influence that can be differentiated.

In fact, I doubt whether it would be possible to find a fam ily history that

did not exhibit one or more detective or neurotic indiv iduals w ith in two

successive generations: hence the necessity of conservatism in the general

app lication of any radical procedure intended to correct failures in hum an

genesis. On the other hand, there are ind iv idual cases in which either the

good of the ind iv idual or society, and usually both, would be served by

sterilization . As to the treatment of the feeble-minded and epileptic, we

can see no reason or justification for a general app lication of any form

of surgical interference, but a law authorizing it in certain well defined cases

seems desirable. In the meantime, there is no question as to the advantages

to be derived from a research department.

There is a more widespread interest in this subject today than over

before and this is a hopeful sign. In spite of much that is written upon the

subject, little is really known of the causes of congenital feeble-mindedness.

It is a condition of arrested development, due to a lack of in trins ic capacity

of the embryo to react favorably toward its prenatal environm ent and its

ab ility to appropriate from it the necessary pabulum for development, or

el se its prenatal environment is of such a nature as to destroy or d im inish

such capacity. Two kinds of influences, then, m ust be investigated in search

of causes, namely, hereditary and parental. Thus far the problem presents

no th ing new and for years our institu tions for the feeble-minded have tried

to collect data concerning the fam ily and parental history of the cases pre-

sented for care and training. The records of such institutions, however,

while burdened with statements, contain but little in form ation of scientific

value. They afford only starting points for research work that to be of value

involve two requisites, namely, a close personal acquaintance on the part

of the investigator, or a co-worker, w ith the fam ily , and an opportunity to

secure accurate inform ation concerning the whole fam ily history affecting

each case, and the tim e and skill of a trained investigator— who has no

other duties, medical, pedagogical or executive— to compare, classify and

tabu late the data secured. In other words, the need o£ the present as a

research laboratory connected with each institu tion , supplemented by field

work. In my judgm ent, nothing so m uch as th is would promote the cause

of prevention. The widespread interest in the subject at the present time

is a hopeful sign, because it suggests public financial support. This work

involves no publicity of a personal nature, while the facts which may in time

be secured w ill lay the foundation for the only sure teaching of prevention.

The writer acknowledges gratefu lly the hearty interest your board has

already shown in this movement, by the authorization and the establishment

of a departm ent of research to become operative at the beginning of the

new b iennia l period, and have no doubt of its equally hearty application to

the legislature for means to promote and support field work.

SCHOOL FO R F E E B L E M IN D E D 227

M A T E R I A L I M P R O V E M E N T S R E C O M M E N D E D .

Increased Boi ler and Boi ler Room Capac i ty and Coal H a nd l in g A ppa ra tu s .

The appropriations of the last legislature proved inadequate to com­

plete the improvements contemplated and sanctioned two years ago, and the

increased capacity of the institution being realized by the buildings then

authorized make it imperative to acid an additional boiler of 300 H. P. and

extend the boiler room for same. The wooden root on this building is also too

low to make it safe from danger of fire, owing to the height of the type of

boilers which it was deemed wise to install, and the whole structure is too

low for the installation of coal handling machinery of the required capacity.

A new roof on steel structural work should replace the old one.

Econom ize r.

The consulting engineer also advises that provision be made to pass

the hot gases from the grates through an “Economizer," for the purpose

of heating the water used for boiler feed and laundry, before these gases are

discharged into chimney. The flues and forced draft fan already installed

have been planned with this in view.

Subw a y Extens ion and Renew ing and Ex tend ing Cer ta in S team and W a te r Pipes.

We have been able to complete the subway and new steam extension

from the boiler house to Sunnyside, and a branch from same to the Central

Kitchen, but not to Skinner Mall and Hospital as contemplated, owing

primarily to the large amount of quarrying found necessary through time

stone rock and the inability to utilize inmate help to the extent and with the

expedition this kind of work requires. This should be completed as soon as

possible and new steam mains of larger capacity, with vacuum traps pro­

vided for the additional subway. New water lines should be run from the

water softener now in use in pump room, and from the proposed "Econo­

mizer" to the laundry. The use of the softened water is now limited to the

boilers.

G y m nas iu m and Indus tr ia l T ra in in g B u ild ing .

The necessity for this has already been discussed.

Dorm ito ry for F a rm Boys at G rand View,

This has also been explained.

D in in g R oom fo r Help.

We have no adequate room for serving meals for the help. A portion

of the basement of the south wing of the Maury Building is at present devoted

to this use for a portion of the help, the others using rooms which must be

used for the children. It is proposed to remodel the entire basement of this

wing and extend the room to the west (toward the kitchen) sufficiently to

supply the required capacity.

228 F IFT H B IEN N IAL REPO RT ST A T E BO ARD OF CO N T RO L

Em p loyes ’ Quarters .

The advantages of securing pleasanter sleeping rooms for employes,

away from direct, contact w ith , their daily work, have, in principle, already

been recognized in the state hospitals. W hile the plan here of a larger

num ber of detached buildings in which it is necessary for some employes

to reside, and the existence of a corps of teachers, in addition to the

corps of nurses and attendants, whose duties are s im ilar to those required

in the hospitals, present a different proposition from that in the Hitter, the

desirability of differently located and more ample quarters is just as

em phatic here as there. B esides at the present tim e there is not sufficient

room, even under the present unsatisfactory conditions, for the present corps.

The room now used for teachers and employes, by some remodeling, would

accommodate additional inmates. In addition to quarters for single people

or married couples, in the cases where both are employed, there are a num ­

ber of married men employed who have fam ilies living outside and who are

unable to secure homes except at a distance of from one and one-half to

two miles from the institu tion . Too much time and energy are expended in

traveling hack and forth, and they are too far away to render assistance in

case of fire or other emergencies. Some of our best and most reliable men

are thus situated, and we lose others who are unw illing to take employment

under such conditions. It. would add to the efficiency of the service and the

ab ility to secure and retain good male help, if the State would provide a few

cottages upon the campus for such people, I recommend at the present

tim e a build ing for 25 teachers, one for from 20 to 25 nurses and attendants,

one for 25 to 30 men. and say, 4 employes’ cottages.

F ire p roo fing .

It would seem as though the necessity of fire proofing combustible buildings.

filled w ith more or less helpless children, is too self-evident to require

argument, no tw ithstanding the fact that the complete reconstruction of

bu ild ings on this line, not, orig inally proof against fire, would involve an

expense out of proportion to the corresponding construction at first. It

should certainly be done eventually and it is entirely practicable to do this

in sections, the entire work extending over several years— beginning w ith the

most dangerous portions first. W e have had just enough experience w ith

fire to realize w hat an aw ful catastrophe fortunate conditions at the time

averted. Two of the most, serious originated in the combustible attics of the

four-story m ain building. I earnestly recommend tha t this much of the struc­

ture be fire proofed at the earliest possible date. The rew iring of a ll of our

build ings for ligh ting is another improvement demanded in the interests of

safety from fire.

P lu m b in g South W in g of Main Bui ld ing ,

My recommendation of two years ago is renewed for entire replumbing

and fire proofing of the north tower to the south w ing of the M ain Build ing.

The condition now existing has been repeatedly condemned by official

inspectors.

SCHOOL FO R FE E B LE -M IN D E D . 229

Sewer Sys tem .

W hen file sewer system was orig inally installed for this institu tion , the

discharge was made into Straight. R iver, directly opposite the Main Build ing .

W hen th is system was afterwards extended and joined w ith that of the

School for Blind, as a part of the Faribau lt city system, the engineers in

charge located the mains sufficiently low to easily serve the buildings

then existing. Since that time, however, there has linen difficulty in tak ing

care of the sewerage from build ings erected farther away from the effluent

pipes and we are hav ing serious back flows and stoppages. The embarrass­

m ent increases with the erection of each new bu ild ing on the east and

south of the campus. The present sewer should be relaid at a lower level

so far as the ravine north of the School for the Blind: or better, if the

matter of septic tank disposal shall have been proven sufficiently satisfactory

in this climate by the time this improvement is provided for. the money

should he expended in constructing a septic tank and filter p lan t— probably

south of the Main Bu ild ing on the Stra ight R iver bottom. W h ile there are

problems involved in handling sewerage by this latter process in this

cold climate, and there seems yet to be no settled standard policy concerning

the methods employed, as shown by the changes made in our own plant

for the epileptic colony since its installa tion was begun, there seems to be

a general consensus of opinion among sanitary engineers that the septic

tank system is fairly satisfactory. Certainly no time should be lost in de­

stroying sewage, if it can be done, instead of po llu ting our streams by it

and sending the contam inated waters to the communities below.

W a te r Supply .

The condition perta in ing to our fire-fighting facilities remains unchanged.

E ither an artesian well should be dug on the place and a pump and tank

of sufficient capacity should be supplied, or else corresponding arrangements

should be made to secure a supply from the river. At the present time

sufficient pressure for successfully fighting fire can only be obtained by the

co-operation of a fire pump at the School for the Deaf, a m ile away, after

communication can he had with, the city water commissioner, and he can

have time to drive to the above school and adjust the proper valve in one of

the city mains, all of which, as proven by sad experience, involves con­

siderable time, and that at a very critical period.

Garbage Disposa l.

The destruction of garbage and trash is a problem of no slight importance

in a large institu tion . Burning, and that under conditions of safety to

bu ild ing and inmates, seems to be the best process for it. Some provision

should be made for this.

Grounds, Fenc ing and P laygrounds .

The readjustm ent of the capacity of the institu tion involves radical

changes in drives and walks, and as much of this work should be done

rapidly and simultaneously, because of constant traffic, it w ill be necessary

to h ire some special labor for it. A sidewalk approach to the grounds should

230 F IF T H B IE N N IA L R EP O R T STATE BO A RD OF CONTROL

be constructed from the School for the B lind. Our grounds have never been

properly supplied w ith playground apparatus, and considerable more fencing

should be done than yet provided for, add itiona l fencing is also needed on.

farm .

R epa ir Fund .

The repairs on our build ings cannot be kept up on the annual allowance

of $5,000. There are invested in the non fireproof structures of this

in s titu tio n nearly $600,000. W hile some repairs are legitimately chargeable

to curren t expense, it w ill require $10,000 per annum , less than 2 per cent

allowance, for depreciation and wear, to properly provide for the repair

u p keep.

S U M M A R Y O F A P P R O P R I A T I O N S R E Q U I R E D .

(E s t im a te s Furn ished by S ta te A rch i tec t Johns ton and Consu lt ing Eng ineer

P i llsbury .)

1. Im p ro ve m en ts on bo ile r house a nd new ro o f.................................................... $4,0002. Im p rovem en ts to power p lan t, a d d it io n a l boiler, stoker, coal a nd ash

han d lin g equ ipm ent, p ip in g a n d econom izer................................................ 25,0003. C om p le tin g subw ay .................................................. ....................................................... 9,0004. R e w ir in g old bu ild in g fo r e lectric current, im p rovem en t to feeder

system a n d steam m a in s ........................................................................................ 12,0005. F irep roo fing a n d p lu m b in g in sou th tow er of m a in b u ild in g ................... 10,0006. F ireproofin g th ird story en tire m a in b u ild in g .................................................... 10,0007. G y m n as iu m a n d in du s tr ia l b u ild in g ......................................................................... 50,0008. Three do rm ito ry bu ild in g s fo r he lp (fo r 75 ).............. ................................. 70,0009. E m p loyes d in in g ro o m .................................................................................................... 10,000

10. D o rm ito ry fo r 50 fa rm boys oil co lony fa rm — "G ra n d V ie w " ..................... 25,00011. A d d itio n a l fire pro tection a n d w a ter s u p p ly ...................................................... 15,00012. A d d itio n to and rem ode ling sewer sy s te m .......................................................... 15,00013. Sys tem for garbage d e s tru c tio n ................................................................................. 2,00014. F o u r employes' c o ttag e s ............................................................................. .................. 16,00015. G ro u n d s . fencing-, and p layg round s . . . .................................................................... 3,500

Current, expense 1911-1912 (1,360) p o p u la t io n ) .................................................... 210,800C urren t expense 1912-1913 (1,500 p o p u la t io n ) ............................................... 232,500Repair fund (a n n u a l) ........................................................................................................ 10,000

In addition to above estimates some improvements in residence of the

Superintendent would be appreciated. The state architect has prepared a

recom m endation which he w ill subm it to you. Allowance should he made

for fees of consulting engineer.

A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S .

A lis t of those who have contributed to the children’s amusement fund

w ill be found at the close of this report, together w ith a list of extras that

we have been able to provide the pupils because of this fund.

A n entertainm ent by the E lks, “The W h ir l o'the Town” was given on

the 2nd of February, 1910, for the benefit of the pupils and patients.

I w ish to express gratitude and appreciation for what has been done

to add to the happiness of our fam ily.

The annual excursions provided by the board have been highly ap ­

preciated, as usual.

The follow ing papers and publications have been contributed for the use

of our fam ily . The Faribau lt Democrat and the P ilot, Faribau lt; the Man-

to rv ille Express, Mantorville, M inn.; Our Dumb Animals, Boston; and B u l­

le tin of Iowa Institutions, Des Moines.

SCHOOL FO R F E E B L E M IN D E D 231

Rev. J J. S levin and Rev. C. M. Larson have continued the gratu itous

services for the pupils and patients of the institution, com m unicants of the ir

respective churches, and I wish to express grateful appreciation for their

unfa iling interest.

C H A N G E S .

D rs. McBroom and W arren resigned to go into general practice. Mrs.

Belle Jackson, for over twenty years a fa ith fu l employe, the last tew

years as matron of the boys' custodial build ing, severed her connection

w ith the institu tion to preside over a household of her own.

Miss Maud Stewart resigned to accept a position at a much higher

salary as princ ipa l of the Oregon Institu tion for Feeble-Minded, at Salem.

O ther teachers leav ing the corps are Mrs. Cranbrook, Misses M cRoberts.

Blalock, Harkness, O 'Connell, Groshong and McPhee, resigning to accept

other duties.

Miss Eda Madison, head nurse, resigned to take up general nursing.

S A L A R I E S A N D W A G E S .

I cannot close this report w ithout a word in behalf of better pay for the

physicians, m atrons and teachers, and departm ent heads generally. The

situation ju st now is, I fancy, generally in state institu tions as it is here.

Those who have been long in service have grown in capacity and useful­

ness and manage w ith as much ease and skill the larger departments, as they

did, when less experienced, the smaller ones. Their salaries have not ad­

vanced w ith the ir usefulness and this fact is em phasized whenever an

attem pt is made to fill such a place by a new person. The rule is that the

new person is not b ig enough for the place, or if capable and efficient,

finds no inducement in the salary offered. It is a recognized fact in po litical

economy that salaried people, often teaching and professional classes, are

the last to receive the benefit of increased compensation during prosperous

times. The flex ibility of our present pay roll, under the wise adm in istration

of your board, enables us to ad just wages of non-transient help quite satis­

factorily, considering the difficulty experienced everywhere in securing good

help, but those who have more responsibility and arduous duties, requiring

special tra in ing or executive ability , should in justice receive commensurate

pay.

C O N C L U S IO N .

W ith slight exception, the officers, teachers and employes have been

loyal and fa ithfu l.

I t is a m atter of special pleasure to acknowledge here the cordial and

loyal support w hich your members, collectively and ind iv idually , have al­

ways given the m anagem ent of this institu tion .

Sept. 14, 1910.

A. C. RO G E R S , Superintendent.

232 F IF T H B IE N N IA L REPORT STATE B O A RD OF CON TROL

C O N T R IB U T IO N S TO T H E A M U S E M E N T F U N D .

(N o t O therw ise Acknowledged.)

1 9 0 8 .Dee. 28. Mrs, M a ry Johnson . W e y burn , S a s k ......................................................................$1.40

1909.A p r il 26. C h r . G ilb itson . N ew R ich land . M in n ............................................. ................ ..........10.81A p r il 26. M rs. W . L . P resco tt, A le x a n d r ia .................................................................... 3.85A p r il 26. C. Lund . R u s h fo rd ................................................................................................. 3.24M ay 26 . A . P. Saltvig-, Sacred H e a r t .............................................................................. 1.07

E X P E N D I T U R E S F R O M T H E A M U S E M E N T F U N D .

1908 A ug. 27, A u g. 29, Sept. 4. Sept. 14. Sept. 19. O c t. 28. Oct. 31. Nov. 3. Nov. 3Dec. 15.

1909Ja n . 1. J a n . 29Feb. 4Feb. 13Feb. 24 M ar. 17 A p r il 30. M a y 10. M ay 19. Aug-. 21. Aug-. 26 Sept. 30 Oct. 31Dec. 18D ec.- 31.

1910. J a n . 18 Feb. 10Feb. 28 M ar. 24M a r 31 A p r il 19. M a y 21 J u ly 13. J u ly 30

P a id for m u s ic accoun t ch ildren 's excurs ion ........................................ $8.00Paid E . B. R ay m o n d for s tereopticon icon e n te r ta in m e n t ....................... 25.00P a id for candy, e tc ., for ch ildren on ex c u rs io n .................................... 5.80Pa id for om n ibuses for c h ild re n 's p ic n ic s ................................................ 21.00P a id the- L aem m le Co. for renta l of f ilm s ................................................ 11.05P a id E . B . R aym on d for stereop ic o n e n te r ta in m e n t ......................... 17.50P a id T heopo ld-Re id Co. for candy fo r H a llo w e e n p a r ty ................. 5.40P a id S ch im m e l P ian o Co, for Ceci l ia n ......................................................... 100.00P a id W . E. B lodge tt for Cec ilian m u s ic .................................................... 10.00Pa id for 30 t ickets to m usica le for p u p ils ................................................ 7.50

P a id W y m an . P a r tr id g e & Co. for C h ris tm as sup p lie s ................... 24.17P a id A lice R in g la n d for lec tu re on A f r i c a . . . . ...................................... 15.00P a id for liveries for sle igh rides for p u p ils ............................................ 10.00P a id for liver ie s for sle igh r id e s ................................................................... 5.00Pa id E d w . B righam for m usica l e n te r ta in m e n t............................. . 15.00P a id F a the r S lev in for tickets' for pup ils to S t. P a tr ic k p la y ......... 15.00P a id Mrs. R ob t. for e n te r ta in m e n t .................................................. 15.00Paid IT. I. P e ttis fo r stereopticon le c tu re ................................................ 15.00P a id B. Crom er for two b illia rd tab le s ...................................................... 75.00P a id Gen. W . L it tle , m gr., for tickets to show for b o y s ................. 20.00Paid Mrs. J . ,J K ellogg for e n te r ta in m e n t .............................................. 15.00Pa id fo r m isce llaneous expenses for boys a t f a ir ............................... 27.27P a id T h eopo ld-Reid Co. for candy for H a llow e 'en p a r ty ............... 9.15Pa id B a u s c h & L o m p Optica l Co. for b a lo p tico n ................................. 180.00P a id for C h r is tm as supp lie s ............................................................................. 45.81

P a id M rs. I I . S tu a r t- R ich ings for e n te r ta in m e n t ................................. 15.00P a id for liveries for sle igh r id e s ................................................................... 20.00P a id for liveries for s le ish rides'.............................................................. .. 16.50P a id Geo. E. Devery for two b ox ball o u t f its .......................................... 175.00P a id T. H . Loy hed Son for baseball good s ........................................ 17.93P a id New E n g la n d F u rn itu re Co. for horn for p h o n o g rap h .......... 15.00P a id E d w . B r ig h a m for e n te r ta in m e n t ...................................................... 15.00P a id Chas. P . K e lly for stereoscope and p ic tu re s ............................... 15.20P a id A. A . W in k le r for livery for c r ip p le s .............................................. 3.00

SCHOOL FO R FE E B LE -M IN D E D . 233

S T A T I S T IC A L T A B L E S .

T A B L E S H O W I N G R E S ID E N C E O F I N M A T E S O N R O L L A U G . 1, 1910.

Counties. Males.F e males

.T otal

. Counties. Males.F e males

.T o tal

A itk in ....................... 3 2 5 M ahnom en ............. 1 1A noka ....................... 7 6 13 M arsha ll ................ 3 5 8Becker ...................... 4 4 8 M a r t in .................... 7 8 15B eltram i ................ 3 4 7 M eeker .......... 5 10 15B enton ..................... 6 0 6 M orrison ............... 3 3 6B ig S tone ............... 0 1 1 M ower ..................... 5 7 12B lue E a rth ............. 14 12 26 M urray ................... 1 3 4B row n ....................... 12 2 14 N ico lle t ................... 8 4 12Carlton. ..................... 1 5 6 Nobles .................... 7 6 13C arver ....................... 5 4 9 N orm an ................. 3 3 6Cass 1 2 4 Olmsted 4 4 8C h ippew a ................. 4 4 O tte r Tail ............ 17 22 39Chisago 1 2 3 Pine 11 13C lay .......................... 4 6 10 P i p estone ............... 1 1C lea rw a te r .............. 3 0 3 P olk ......................... 11 5 16Cook

10

1Pope ........................Ramsey 3

76

684

9160

C ottonw ood ............. 5 2 7 R ed Lake .............. 5 3 8C ro w W in g ............. 6 3 9 Redw ood ................. 7 5 12D a k o ta ...................... 7 4 11 R env ille ................. 6 9 15Dodge 4 3 7 Rice 21 11 32Douglas 7 9 16 R o c k ........................ 2 1 3F a r ib a u lt ................ 4 6 10 R oseau ................... 2 1 3F illm ore ................... 6 7 13 St. Lou is ............... 19 18 32Freeborn .................. 6 5 11 Sc o tt ....................... 10 6 16G oodhue ................... 21 6 27 Sherburne ............. 2 5 7G ran t ........................ 0 2 2 S ibley ...................... 2 3 5H ennep in ................ 117 117 234 S tearns .......... 16 21 37H ouston ................... 6 2 8 Steele ............ 6 3 9H u b b a rd ................... 1 2 3 S t e v e n s .......... 4 6 10Isanti 1 3 4 6 1 7Ita sc a ........................ 1 3 4 T odd ........................ 10 5 15Jack son .................... 1 2 3 T raverse ................. 3 3K anabec ................... 1 0 1 W a basha ............... 9 7 16K and iyoh i ............... 6 7 13 W aden a ..................... 4 4 8K ittso n ..................... 2 3 5 W aseca ................... 9 9 18Lac qu i P a r le ........ 9 1 10 W ash ing ton ......... 9 5 14L ake .......................... 1 1 2 W a to n w a n ............ 5 1 6Le S ueu r .................. 11 7 18 W ilk in ..................... 3 4 7L inco ln ..................... 3 1 4 W in o n a .................. 8 13 21

Lyon 5 3 8 Wright 11 169

27M c le o d .................. .. 8 6 14 Y ellow M ed ic ine 7 16

T A B L E S H O W I N G B I R T H P L A C E O F IN M A T E S A S S H O W N B Y A L L A P P L I-

C A T IO N S R E C E I V E D T O AU G . 1, 1910.

United States 2 787 Iceland 3

Austria 11 Norway 75Bohemia 2 New Zealand 1Belgium 2 Poland 1Canada 10 Russia 11China 1 RoumaniaDenmark 15 Scotland 3

England 19 Sweden 863E n g lis h P rov inces in A m e r ic a . . .France......................................... 48

4Sw itze r land ............................... ............W a l e s .........................................................

F i n l a n d......................................................................Germany.....................................................Holland

3953

A t la n t ic ocean (tw o from Sw edena nd one U n ited S ta te s ')............... 3

179Ireland 15 UnknownIndia 1 Total 3,389Ita ly ........................................................ 1

234 F IF T H B IE N N IA L R EP O R T STATE B OA RD OF CONTROL

T ABLE SH O W IN G AGE OF INM ATES AT T H E T IM E OF AD M ISS IO N

Biennial Period All Previous

Under 5 years...........................Over 5 years and under 1 0 .. Over 10 years and under 15.. Over 15 years and under 20.. Over 20 years and under 25.. Over 25 year and under 30.. Over 30 years and under 35.. Over 35 years and under 40. Over 40 year and under 45. Over 45 years and under 50. Over 50 years and under 55. Over 55 years and under 60.Sixty years or over...............Unknown ................................

Total..

Mates Females Males Females Total

6 3 55 35 9941 34 280 193 55447 53 420 288 80836 36 297 228 597

15 20 141 93 269

5 9 49 49 112

12 11 50 3 1093 2 37 2 66

1 4 22 15 42

6 1 9 14 302 2 10 9 23

4 1 10 4 191 5 2 8

20 14 34

178 177 1 , 4 1 1 1,004 2,770

D I S E A S E S T R E A T E D IN T H E H O S P I T A L D U R I N G B I E N N I A L P E R I O D .

M E D IC A L .

Fe- To-M a le s . m a le s , ta l .

A lo p e c ia s e b o r rh e ic .............. 1 1A n e u r y s m o f th o ra c ic -

a o r t a .............................. 1 . . . 1A n g io c h o l i t i s .......................... 10 10A n o r e x ia .......................... 5 4 9A s t h m a ....................................... 3 3A t r o p h ic c ir r h o s is o f

l iv e r .......................................... 1 1A u t o in t o x ic a t io n .......... 1 1 2B r o n c h i t is ....................... 8 6 14B ir o n c h o - p n e u m o n ia 2 6 8C a r d ia c le s io n s ............ 8 . . . 8C a r d ia c - h y p e r t ro p h y . . . . 1 1C a rd ia c - s c le r o s is ................ .............1 1C o l i t is ................................ 1 . . . 1C o n ju n c t iv i t i s .............. 2 1 3C o n s t ip a t io n ................... 2 . . . 2C o r y z a ................................. 2 2 4C r o u p ................................ 1 . . . 1D e m e n t ia , e p i le p t ic 1 2 3D e c u b i t u s ................................................1 1D e r m a t i t is ....................... 2 . . . 2D ia b e te s m e l l i t u s ................ ............ 1 1D ia r r h e a ............................ 3 2 5D i l a t a t i o n o f h e a r t .............. ............ 1 1D ip h t h e r i a ....................... 10 11 21E c z e m a .............................. 2 3 5E n t e r i t is ......................... 4 1 5E p i le p s y ............................ 36 30 66E p i le p s y ( s t a t u s ) . . . 5 19 24E p i le p t ic e x h a u s t io n . . 13 6 19E r y s ip e la s ....................... 7 5 12E r y t h e m a ....................... 3 3 6G a s t r i t i s ............................ 2 3 5G e r m a n m e a s le s .......... 1 1 2G o n o r r h e a ................... 1 1H e m a t u r i a ..................... 1 • • • 1H e m o r r h a g e , c e re b ra l. . . . 1 1

M ales. F e m a l e s T o t a l

hemorrhage and pulmonary 2 2H e m orrh age , re cta l . . . . 1 1H y s te r ia ......................... 1 2 3In d ig e s t io n ................... 44 23 67In fa n t ile convu ls ions . . . . 1 1In f lu e n z a . .................................. 1 1In s a n ity ......................... 3 2 5 Ja u n d ic e ......................... 2 2K e ra t it is ......................... 21 1 22L a ry n g it is ..................... 1 1L e uko rrhea ........................... 1 1ly m p h a n g it is ............. 1 1 2Marasmus ..................... 1 1M easles .................................... 1 1M e ns tru a t io n , p a in fu l. . . . 2 2 M itra l in su ffic iency . . 2 3 5M yocard itis ' ................... 1 2 3N a u se a .................................... 1 1N e p h r it is ....................... 1 1N e u ra s then ia ............... 2 2O bse rva tion a n d c a re 29 29 58O ta lg ia ........................... 1 ... 1P a ro t it is ......................... 1 1P leu risy ......................... 1 1P ep tic u lce r ......................... 1 1P e rtu ss is ....................... 1 1P n e u m o n ia ................... 3 9 12P s o r ia s is .................................. 1 1Q u in sy ............................. 1R h e u m a t is m ................. 6 3 9Scabies ........................... 3 3 6Scarle t fever ............... 7 18 25Spas tic d ip le g ia ................... 1 1T ons illit is ..................... 8 4 12T o r t ic o l l is ............................... 1 1T ubercu los is ................. 17 31 48T ypho id fever ............. 3 48V arice lla ......................... 20 5 25

SCHOOL FO R FE E B LE -M IN D E D . 235

S U R G IC A L .

F e ­ T o­ F e ­ T o ­M ales. males, tal. M ales. m ales. ta l.

Abscess, k id n ey ......... 1 1 O perations , appendi-Abscess, l i v e r ............... 1 1 c e c t o m y 1 1Abscess, m as to id . . . . 1 1 O perations, cancer ofA den itis ......................... 2 1 3 breast 1 1A ppe nd ic it is ................. 1 1 O perations hemorrhoidsBubo, in flam m ato ry . . 1 1 r h o i d s 1 2 3B un io n ........................... 1 1 O p e ra t io n s p e r ineor-Burns 2 5 rhaphy 1 1

B u rs it is ........................... 1 1 O perations. p ro lapsusCorns 1 of uterus 1 1c y s t it is ........................... 1 1 O perations , tongue-tie 1 1D islocations ', h i p ......... 1 1 O p e r a t i o n s tracheotomyD is locations , shou lder 1 1 2 Operations varicocelectomy1 1

Endocervictis 5 O t i t i s m e d i aFractures 6 12 2Hydrocele 2 1 1M in o r abscesses and P e r i t o n i t i s

w ounds ............ 72 78 150 P r o la p s u s o f r e c t u m 1 2 3N asa l polyp ................... 1 1 S ep ticem ia 2 2O perations, a m p u ta ­ Sp ra ins 3 1 4

tions ............................. 2 2 U l c e r s 6 6

T A B L E S H O W I N G A L L E G E D D A T E OF C O M M E N C E M E N T O F D E F IC I E N C Y

O F IN M A T E S .

B ie n n ia l P e r io d A ll P re v io u sMales, Fem ales , M ales. Fem ales . T ota l,

C ongen ita l ..................................... 79 100 517 385 1,081F ro m b ir th to 7 y e a rs ............... 41 35 507 330 913F rom 7 to 14 y ea rs ..................... 3 4 73 54 134Fourteen years a nd la te r ........ 5 41 32 78N o da ta ............................................ 19 19 192 156 386R e-adm issions ............................ 31 19 81 47 178

T o ta l........................................... 178 177 1,411 1,004 2,770

M O R T A L IT Y .

F e ­ T o­ Fe- T o­Counties. Males. males. ta l. Counties. M ales. male s . tal.

abscess of liver .......... 1 1 M yocard itis , d iph the r-Abscess of n ec k .......... . . . 1 itic 1 3 4A troph ic cirrhos is of N e p h r it is c h r o n ic . . . . 2 2

liver ............................. 1 1 P n eum o n ia , lobar . . . 2 5 7B ronch itis ..................... 1 1 Progress ive m usc u la rB roncho-pneum on ia . . 2 1 3 atrophy 1 1C onvuls ions, in fan tile . 2 2 R h e u m a t ism , acu te . . 1 1D ip h th e r ia ..................... 2 2 R h e u m a t ism , chron ic . . . . 1E n docard itis ................. 1 1 Sep tice m ia ...................... 2 2Ep ilepsy .............. 11 5 16 J Stenosis of t r a c h e a .. . 1 1E p ilepsy (s ta tu s ) . . . . 2 4 6 T ubercu losis ................. 3 3 GH em orrh age , cerebra l. 1 1 2 T ubercu los is , pulm on-H ydrocepha lus ............. 1 1 a ry ................................ 18 23 41L a te ra l Sclerosis, s p i­ T ube rcu la r m en in g itis 1 1

nal ................................. 1 1 T vpho id fever . 1 1M itra l insu ffic iency . . 4 4M y ocard itis ................... 1 1 T o ta l............................... 57 54 111

T A B L E S H O W I N G A G E O F I N M A T E S AT T IM E O F D E A T H .

B ienn ia l Per iod— ,— All Previous-

U nde r 5 y ea rs ........M ales. Fem ales . M ales.

10Fem ales .

3T o ta l

15Over 5 years and unde r 1 0 .. . 3 5 34 29 71Over 10 years and unde r 1 5 ... 7 10 61 50 128O ver 15 years and unde r 20 . . . 11 8 95 53 167O ver 20 years and un de r 17 10 58 28 113O ver 25 years and unde r 30. . . 4 7 29 18 58O ver 30 years and unde r 3 5 .. . 7 6 16 13 42O ver 35 years and un de r 4 0 .. . 4 1 19 11 35Over 40 years’ and unde r 45. .. 14 7 21Over 45 years and un de r 5 0 .. . 2 9 4 15O ver 50 years and un de r 5 5 .. . 1 4 6 11O ver 55 years and unde r 6 0 .. . 2 1 3 3 9O ver 60 years and unde r 65 1 3 4 8six ty-five y ears and over, 5 5A ge unknown. 1 1 4 1 7

T o ta l..................... 57 54 364 230 705