working for the regions. eu regional policy 2007-2013 (eng) / al servicio de las regiones. política...

8/2/2019 Working for the regions. EU regional policy 2007-2013 (Eng) / Al servicio de las regiones. Política regional de la UE …

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CS Rck`omda Xoa`jp 288;'284:

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No{ `| {oriz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

[no rcjcùcz no{ gsjn dml or {nd|? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------>

D||rdj|`mk mucz|orz ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------48

Kc||`mk |ncrc6 cmndmj`mk djjczz`bà`|p ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42

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D bc||cr a` c `m Csroxc‐z j`|`cz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4>

@mucz|`mk `m xcoxac-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28

Zxcml`mk `| {`zcap --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22

Jooxcrd|òm {`|nos| borlcrz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2<

Locz `| gdic d lècrcmjc? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25Jom|roaa`mk |d~xdpcrz‐ gomcp -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2>

\caa`mk |nc z|orp6 posr r`kn| |o imo{ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:8

D| posr zcru`jc --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:2

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4

Lcdr Rcdlcr!@ {osal aìc |o `mu`|c pos |o l`zjoucr |nc mc{ rckòmda xoa`jp o |nc Csroxcdm Smòm {n`jnbsàlz om |nc lùcrz`|p! jndaacmkcz dml oxxor|sm`|`cz o Csroxc‐z rckòmz- \oldp! <:# o |nccjomog`j os|xs| dml ;3# o `mucz|gcm|z `m rczcdrjn dml `mmoud|òm drc jomjcm|rd|cl om fsz| 4<# o |nc Csroxcdm |crr`|orp! |nc zo'jdaacl xcm|dkom bc|{ccm Aomlom! Ndgbsrk!Gsm`jn! Gàdm dml Xdr`z- L`zxdr`|`cz bc|{ccm Csroxc‐z rckòmz nduc z`km` jdm|ap lccxcmcl{`|n rcjcm| cmadrkcgcm|z- \nc {cda|n`cz| gcgbcr z|d|c! As~cgbosrk! `z mo{ zcucm |`gczr`jncr |ndm |nc xoorcz| omc! Rogdm`d- D| |nc rckòmda acuca! |nc l` crcmjc `z cucm gorc`gxor|dm|- Zsjn d xd||crm jdm omap bc obzcrucl `m cgcrk`mk cjomog`cz aìc Jn`md dml@ml`d {nàc l`zxdr`|`cz `m |nc SZ dml Fdxdm drc gsjn aczz z`km` jdm|-

Csroxcdm rckòmda xoa`jp xs|z `m|o xrdj|`jc zoa`ldr`|p bc|{ccm |nc xcoxacz o Csroxc-Z|rcmk|ncm`mk cjomog`j! zoj`da dml |crr`|or`da jonczòm bp rclsj`mk lcucaoxgcm|da l`z'xdr`|`cz bc|{ccm |z rckòmz z d smldgcm|da obfcj|ùc o |nc CS dml ad`l lo{m m |z \rcd|p- \nc mdmj`da gcdmz zc| dz`lc |o djn`cuc |n`z obfcj|ùc rcxrczcm| gorc |ndm omc |n`rl o |nc CS bslkc| bc|{ccm 288; dml 284:- [nàc jomjcm|rd|cl om |nc xoorcr rckòmz dmlncax`mk |ncg |o jd|jn sx dz|cr! jonczòm xoa`jp `mucz|gcm|z nduc d z`km` jdm| `gxdj| om|nc jogxc|`|ùcmczz o daa rckòmz dml om |nc aù`mk joml`|òmz o |nc`r `mndb`|dm|z-

Kaobda`zd|òm! ja`gd|c jndmkc! xoxsad|òm dkc`mk! c~|crmda `gg`krd|òm dml |nc mcclor zsz|d`mdbac cmcrkp zsxxap drc jndaacmkcz or |nc Csroxcdm |crr`|orp {n`jn |rdmzjcml

md|òmda! `mz|`|s|òmda or xoa`jp borlcrz- Csroxc ndz |o ml joggom zoas|òmz |o |nczcjndaacmkcz `m xdr|mcrzn`x {`|n md|òmda! rckòmda dml aojda acucaz- \ncp `gxdj| l`rcj|ap omrckòmda dml aojda joggsm`|`cz dml |ncp rcts`rc |nd| xsba`j dml xrùd|c xdr|mcrz {ori |okc|ncr dml ml xrdj|`jda dml `m|ckrd|cl zoas|òmz-

\nc xoa`jp‐z dllcl udasc c~|cmlz bcpoml kro{|n dml fobz- Jonczòm xoa`jp ‑acucrz `m‗ dmlzd cksdrlz jogxa`dmjc {`|n o|ncr Joggsm`|p xoa`j`cz ‚ bc `| `m |nc cal o z|d|c d`lz!cmu`romgcm|! |rdmzxor|! zsxxor| or `mmoud|òm or |nc `m orgd|òm zoj`c|p- Adz| bs| mo|acdz|! `| `gxroucz dml golcrm`zcz xsba`j dlg`m`z|rd|òmz! |o cmndmjc |rdmzxdrcmjp dml

oz|cr kool koucrmdmjc-

Gdxx`mk Csroxc‐z mcclz dml jndaacmkcz `z mo| cmoskn- Csroxcdm rckòmda xoa`jp ndz |ncxo|cm|`da |o |srm joggom jndaacmkcz `m|o oxxor|sm`|`cz- @| bcjogcz u`z`bac `m |cmz o |noszdmlz o xrofcj|z rcda`zcl bp |nc CS dml |nc Gcgbcr Z|d|cz dml rckòmz |okc|ncr-Zsjn xrofcj|z gdp bc fsz| drosml |nc jormcr- @ noxc |n`z brojnsrc {àa ncax |o xcrzsdlc

pos |nd| Csroxc {oriz-

Ldms|d NñbmcrGcgbcr o |nc Csroxcdm Jogg`zzòm

rczxomz`bac or Rckòmda Xoa`jp



2

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\nc krcd|cz| `mucz|gcm| cucr gdlc bp |ncCS |nroskn jonczòm xoa`jp {àa bc {or|n

₡:<;-< bàaòm oucr |nc zcucm'pcdr xcròl!zsxxor|`mk rckòmda kro{|n dml z|`gsad|'`mk fob jrcd|òm- @| `z cz|`gd|cl |nd| jonc'zòm mz|rsgcm|z josal booz| kro{|n m |ncmc{ Gcgbcr Z|d|cz bp 5# om ducrdkc dmljrcd|c dz gdmp dz |{o gàaòm mc{ fobz-

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\nc |nrcc obfcj|ùcz drc zsxxor|cl bp |nrccsmlz! mdgcap |nc Csroxcdm Rckòmda

Lcucaoxgcm| Esml .CRLE) ! |ncJonczòm Esml dml |nc Csroxcdm Zoj`daEsml .CZE)-

\nc CRLE {àa zsxxor| xrokrdggcz omrckòmda lcucaoxgcm|! cjomog`j jndmkc!cmndmjcl jogxc|`|ùcmczz dml |crr`|or`dajooxcrd|òm |nrosknos| |nc CS! {nàc |ncJonczòm Esml {àa ojsz om |rdmzxor|dml cmu`romgcm| `m rdz|rsj|src! dz {caadz om cmcrkp c j`cmjp dml rcmc{dbaccmcrkp `m Gcgbcr Z|d|cz {`|n d KrozzMd|òmda @mjogc .KM@) ao{cr |ndm 08# o |nc CS ducrdkc-

Smlcr |nc Jomucrkcmjc obfcj|ùc! CRLEdj|òmz {àa jomjcm|rd|c om z|rcmk|ncm`mk`m rdz|rsj|src! cjomog`j jogxc|`|ùc'mczz! rczcdrjn! `mmoud|òm dml zsz|d`mdbacrckòmda lcucaoxgcm|- Smlcr |nc Jogxc|'`|ùcmczz obfcj|ùc! |nc CRLE {àa ojsz om|nrcc xròr`|`cz6 `mmoud|òm dml |nc imo{a'clkc cjomogp! |nc cmu`romgcm| dml r`zi xrcucm|òm! dml djjczz ‚ d{dp rog srbdmjcm|rcz ‚ |o |rdmzxor| dml |cacjoggsm`'jd|òm-

\nrosknos| |nc CS! smlcr bo|n |ncJomucrkcmjc dml |nc Rckòmda Jog'xc|`|ùcmczz dml Cgxaopgcm| obfcj'|ùcz! |nc CZE{àa xrou`lc zsxxor| |o dm|`j'`xd|c dml gdmdkc cjomog`j dml zoj`dajndmkc- \ncrc drc osr icp drcdz or dj|òm6`mjrcdz`mk dldx|dbà`|p o {oricrz dmlcm|crxr`zcz9 cmndmj`mk djjczz |o cgxaop'gcm| dml xdr|`j`xd|òm `m |nc adbosr gdr'



:

ic|9 rc`m orj`mk zoj`da mjaszòm bp jogbd|'`mk l`zjr`g`md|òm dml djà`|d|`mk djjczz|o |nc adbosr gdric| or l`zdludm|dkclxcoxac9 xrogo|`mk rc org `m cgxaopgcm|dml mjaszòm-

Smlcr |nc Jomucrkcmjc obfcj|ùc! |nc CZE{àa dazo zsxxor| c or|z |o gxrouc clsjd'

|òm dml |rd`m`mk! dml ncax lcucaox mz|`|s'|òmda jdxdj`|p dml |nc c j`cmjp o xsba`jdlg`m`z|rd|òmz-

Djrozz daa jonczòm xoa`jp xrokrdggcz!|nc gd`m ecalz o `mucz|gcm| 4 dml |nc`rrcad|ùc zndrcz o sml`mk drc6

m Imo{aclkc dml `mmoud|òm 6 dagoz|₡>: bàaòm .2<#) {àa bc zxcm| om! orc~dgxac! rczcdrjn jcm|rcz dml `m rd'z|rsj|src! |cjnmoaokp |rdmz cr dml`mmoud|òmm `rgz! dml |nc lcucaox'gcm| dml l` szòm o `m orgd|òmdml joggsm`jd|òm |cjnmoaok`cz-

m \rdmzxor| 6 dbos| ₡;5 bàaòm .22#) nducbccm daaojd|cl |o gxrou`mk |nc djjcz'z`bà`|p o rckòmz! zsxxor|`mk \rdmz'Csroxcdm Mc|{oriz! dml `mucz|`mk `mcmu`romgcm|daap zsz|d`mdbac |rdmzxor|

djà`|`cz `m srbdm drcdz `m xdr|`jsadr-

m Cmu`romgcm|da xro|cj|òm dml r`zi xrcucm|òm 6 `mucz|gcm|z o drosml₡34 bàaòm .40#) {àa mdmjc {d|cr dml

{dz|c'|rcd|gcm| `m rdz|rsj|srcz! lcjom'|dg`md|òm o adml `m orlcr |o xrcxdrc `|

or mc{ cjomog`j szc! dml xro|cj|òmdkd`mz| cmu`romgcm|da r`ziz-

m Nsgdm rczosrjcz 6 ₡;5 bàaòm .22#){àa bc zxcm| om clsjd|òm! |rd`m`mk!cgxaopgcm| dml zoj`da `mjaszòm

zjncgcz mdmjcl bp |nc CZE-O|ncr `m|crucm|òmz jomjcrm |ncxrogo|òm o cm|rcxrcmcsrzn`x! cmcrkpmc|{oriz dml c j`cmjp! srbdm dmlrsrda rckcmcrd|òm! |osr`zg! jsa|src dmlz|rcmk|ncm`mk |nc `mz|`|s|òmda jdxdj`|p o xsba`j dlg`m`z|rd|òmz-

\nc mdmj`da `mz|rsgcm|z nduc |nc`r ackdabdz`z `mCS rcksad|òmz - \nc `mz|rsgcm|zjo' mdmjc md|òmda! rckòmda dml jrozz'borlcr xrokrdggcz {n`jn drc gdmdkclbp md|òmda dml rckòmda ds|nor`|`cz- \ncJogg`zzòm dml md|òmda dml rckòmdads|nor`|`cz zndrc rczxomz`bà`|p or xro'krdggc jom|roa! xsba`j`|p dml cudasd|òm-

Br`c lczjr`x|òmz o |nc <2: xrokrdggczmdmjcl bc|{ccm 288; dml 284: jdm bcosml om |nc Csroxcdm Jogg`zzòm {cbz`|c

d| n||x6//cj-csroxd-cs/rckòmda_xoa`jp-

4 Xacdzc mo|c |nd| |nc ksrcz om `mucz|gcm| |nroskn jonczòm xoa`jp drc bdzcl om `m orgd|òm xrou`lcl bp |nc Gcgbcr Z|d|cz`m ds|sgm 288;- \ncp rcxrczcm| xadmmcl c~xcml`|src dml gdp bc zsbfcj| |o jndmkc oucr |nc xcròl sm|à 284:-



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Bsakdr`d

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡5-0 bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡5-; bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡4;0 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggcz@gxrou`mk `m rdz|rsj|src!nsgdm jdx`|da dmlcgxaopgcm|9 oz|cr`mkcm|rcxrcmcsrzn`x md duosrdbac bsz`mczzcmu`romgcm| dml smlcr koolkoucrmdmjc9 zsxxor|`mkbdadmjcl |crr`|or`dalcucaoxgcm|

\drkc|z@mjrcdzc rcda KLX kro{|n rd|cbp 8-2;#Jrcd|c drosml :5 ;88 fobz

[np Csroxcdm rckòmdaxoa`jp gd||crz

\nc mc{ d`rxor| m Zoed! Bsakdr`d

\nc Csroxcdm Smòm kcmcrd|cz <:# o `|z cjomog`j os|xs| `m fsz| 4<# o `|z|crr`|orp ‚ |nc kcokrdxn`jda xcm|dkom

orgcl bp Aomlom! Ndgbsrk! Gsm`jn!Gàdm dml Xdr`z! nogc |o dbos|omc'|n`rl o `|z xoxsad|òm-

Cjomog`j dml zoj`da l`zxdr`|`cz

`m Csroxc drc zsbz|dm|`da dml |ncpnduc z`km` `jdm|ap lccxcmcl {`|nrcjcm| cmadrkcgcm|z- As~cgbosrk! |nc{cda|n`cz| Gcgbcr Z|d|c `m |crgz o xcr'jdx`|d `mjogc! `z mo{ zcucm |`gczr`jncr |ndm |nc xoorcz| omc! Rogdm`d-

D| |nc rckòmda acuca ! |nc l` crcmjc `zcucm b`kkcr6 |nc r`jncz| rckòm `z @mmcrAomlom {`|n 208# o CS'2;‐z ducrdkc krozzlogcz|`j xrolsj| .KLX) xcr jdx`|d! {nàc|nc xoorcz| rckòm `z Morl'Cz| `m Rogd'm`d {`|n 2:# o |nc CS ducrdkc- Da|nosknKLX `z mo| d jogxac|cap djjsrd|c rcecj'|òm o aù`mk z|dmldrlz dz | locz mo| dj'|or m |nc rcad|ùc joz| o aù`mk! | kùcz dm`ml`jd|òm o |nc l` crcmjcz |nd| c~`z|-

\n`z `z rcg`m`zjcm| o xd||crmz obzcrucl`m Jn`md dml @ml`d6 `m bo|n josm|r`cz |ncrckòm {`|n |nc n`kncz| KLX xcr jdx`|dndz d acuca zcucm |`gcz n`kncr |ndm |ncacdz|'lcucaoxcl rckòm- @m |nc SZ! |n`z

l` crcmjc `z omap |{o dml d nda |`gczdml m Fdxdm fsz| |{o |`gcz-

Bc`mk gorc |ndm d joggom gdric|! |ncCsroxcdm Smòm `z bdzcl om joggomudascz dml xoa`j`cz dkrccl bp `|z GcgbcrZ|d|cz or |nc bcmc | o |nc`r xcoxac- CSrckòmda xoa`jp xs|z `m|o xrdj|`jc zoa`ldr'`|p bc|{ccm |nc xcoxacz o Csroxc! {nàcz|rcmk|ncm`mk |nc jogxc|`|ùcmczz o |ncCS cjomogp dz d {noac-

@| ncaxz d||d`m omc o |nc smldgcm|daobfcj|ùcz ad`l lo{m `m |nc CJ \rcd|p6djn`cu`mk cjomog`j dml zoj`da jonczòmbp rclsj`mk l`zxdr`|`cz bc|{ccm rckòmzdml bp zxrcdl`mk |nc dludm|dkcz o |ncjoggom gdric| gorc ctsdaap djrozz |ncCS |crr`|orp-

Gorc |ndm omc'|n`rl o |nc CS bslkc| `zjsrrcm|ap daaojd|cl |o |nc mdmj`da `mz|rs'gcm|z o CS jonczòm xoa`jp6 |nc Csro'

xcdm Rckòmda Lcucaoxgcm| Esml! |ncJonczòm Esml dml |nc Csroxcdm Zoj`daEsml- \nczc `mz|rsgcm|z {àa dgosm| |o d|o|da o ₡:<;-< bàaòm bc|{ccm 288; dml284:! {`|n dbos| >2# |o bc mucz|cl m |ncCS‐z xoorcz| rckòmz- \nc dllcl udasc o CS jonczòm xoa`jp z jomz`lcrdbac6

m Jonczòm xoa`jp zsxxor|z gsjn mcclcl`mucz|gcm| `m `m rdz|rsj|src! nsgdmrczosrjcz dml |nc golcrm`zd|òm dmllùcrz` jd|òm o rckòmda cjomog`cz! dml

`| jom|r`bs|cz |o gorc kro{|n dml fobz `m |nc xoorcr Gcgbcr Z|d|cz dml rckòmz-



3

Cz|om`d

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡:-<3 bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡:-< bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡32 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggcz@mucz|gcm| m clsjd|òm!rczcdrjn dml mmoud|òm9bc||cr jommcj|òmoxxor|sm`|`cz9 zsz|d`mdbacszc o |nc cmu`romgcm|9bdadmjcl lcucaoxgcm|o rckòmz dml |nc`rdlg`m`z|rd|ùc jdxdj`|p

\drkc|z@mjrcdzc cgxaopgcm| |o ;2#. rog 5<-<# `m 2883)Gorc rczcdrjn`mucz|gcm| bp jogxdm`cz. rog 8-<2# |o 4-5# o KLX)Rd`zc `m|crmc|'jommcj|cl

noszcnoalz |o ;8#. rog :5# `m 2883)@gxroucl rcjpja`mk rd|co 58# o zoa`l {dz|c. rog :5-5# `m 2883)Iccx xr`gdrp cmcrkpjomzsgx|òm d| |nc 288:acuca sm|à 2848

Mc{ rodlz `m Cz|om`d6 |nc U`d Bda|`jd go|or{dp

m Gcgbcr Z|d|cz dml rckòmz bcmc |`mkrog zsjn `mucz|gcm|z djn`cuc dbouc'

ducrdkc kro{|n dml cgxaopgcm| xcr'orgdmjc dml drc bc||cr cts`xxcl |o

jd|jn sx dz|cr {`|n |nc CS acuca |ndm|ncp {osal bc {`|nos| jonczòm xoa`jp`mucz|gcm|z-

m Jonczòm xoa`jp „acucrz `m‐ dml zd c'ksdrlz jogxa`dmjc {`|n o|ncr CS xoa'`j`cz ‚ z|d|c d`l! cmu`romgcm|! |rdmzxor|!zsxxor| or mmoud|òm! |nc `m orgd|òmzoj`c|p- @| dazo `gxroucz dml golcrm'`zcz xsba`j dlg`m`z|rd|òmz! cmndmjcz|rdmzxdrcmjp dml oz|crz kool koucrm'dmjc-

@m |nc xdz|! Gcgbcr Z|d|cz dml rckòmzbcmc |`mk goz| rog Csroxcdm rckòmdaxoa`jp nduc bccm dbac |o jd|jn sx dz|cr

dml cucm kro{ bcpoml |nc ducrdkc CSacuca- @m |nc pcdrz |o jogc! |n`zzsjjczzz|orp {àa jom|`msc `m Gcgbcr Z|d|cz{n`jn nduc fo`mcl |nc CS z`mjc 288<-

No{cucr! |nc Csroxcdm |crr`|orp dz d{noac djcz mc{ jndaacmkcz - Kaobda`zd'|òm! ja`gd|c jndmkc dml xoxsad|òm dkc'`mk lo mo| z|ox d| md|òmda! `mz|`|s|òmdaor xoa`jp borlcrz- @mz|cdl! |ncp `gxdj| omrckòmda dml aojda joggsm`|`cz l`rcj|apdml |o udrp`mk lckrccz-

Csroxc‐z jogxc|`|ùcmczz jdmmo| bcdjn`cucl |nroskn CS xoa`j`cz! `mlù`lsdaGcgbcr Z|d|cz or rckòmz daomc- Cjomog`jzsjjczz `z d zoj`da xrojczz |nd| rcts`rcz jaozcjooxcrd|òm- Csroxcdm rckòmda xoa`jp ndz|nc xo|cm|`da |o |srm joggom jndaacmkcz`m|o oxxor|sm`|`cz - @| `z lcz`kmcl `m zsjnd {dp |nd| CS rczxomzcz `muoauc xcoxac`m lcz`km`mk dml `gxacgcm|`mk rckòmdalcucaoxgcm| z|rd|ck cz dml aojda xrofcj|z

or |nc bcmc | o Csroxc dz d {noac-



5

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48

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44

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Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡4-0 bàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡4-5 bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡253 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggczCmjosrdk`mk mmoud|òm dmlcm|rcxrcmcsrzn`x9 mjrcdz`mkziàaz dml adbosr zsxxap9

djà`|d|`mk djjczz`bà`|p9jrozz'borlcr jooxcrd|òm

\drkc|zJrcd|c d| acdz| :: >88 mc{ fobzJrcd|c 42 >88mc{ cm|crxr`zczCz|dba`zn |rd`m`mk or gorc|ndm :88 888 xcoxac

@mmoud|òm `m |nc krdxn`jz `mlsz|rp `m Brobpkrdezid! Z{clcm

`z o |cm ncduàp jomjcm|rd|cl `m jdx`|da j`|'`cz dml |nc`r zsrrosml`mk rckòmz! {n`jn jdmrc`m orjc rckòmda l`zxdr`|`cz rd|ncr |ndmrclsjc |ncg-

\nc xo|cm|`da rcdzomz {np `mucz|orzznosal jnoozc |o `mucz| `m d jcr|d`mrckòm `mjaslc djjczz |o mc{ gdric|z!xro~`g`|p |o |nc josm|rp rog {n`jn |nc`mucz|gcm| or`k`md|cz! d joggom adm'ksdkc! ao{ jorxord|c |d~d|òm dml |ncdudàdbà`|p o ziàacl {oricrz- Rckòmdaxoa`jp jdmmo| `mescmjc daa o |nczc dj|orz!bs| `| jdm gdic d l` crcmjc `m o|ncr drcdz|nd| `gxrouc |nc rckòm‐z d||rdj|ùcmczz ‚ djjczz`bà`|p! clsjd|òm o |nc {ori orjc!`m orgd|òm dml joggsm`jd|òm |cjn'moaok`cz! `m rdz|rsj|src! dml zxcml`mkomrczcdrjn dml mmoud|òm-

Bc|{ccm 288; dml 284:! jonczòm xoa`jpxrokrdggcz {àa zsxxor|6

m L`rcj| `mucz|gcm|z `m ergz ! `mxdr'|`jsadr |nozc a`micl |o rczcdrjn dml`mmoud|òm! |cjnmoaokp |rdmz cr dmlcjo' r`cmlap xrolsj|òm- Dbos| ₡<2->bàaòm .42# o |nc |o|da daaojd|òm) drckcdrcl |o{drlz zsjn dj|ù`|`cz-

m Cm|rcxrcmcsrzn`x |nroskn |nc xro'

u`zòm o zcru`jcz! dldx|d|òm o {ori'crz! cm|crxr`zcz dml cm|rcxrcmcsrz!`m orgd|òm dml joggsm`jd|òm|cjnmoaok`cz- Zogc ₡<<-; bàaòm .4:#o |nc |o|da daaojd|òm) drc xadmmcl or|n`z-

m Nsgdm jdx`|da dml djjczz |o cgxaop'gcm|- ₡<>-> bàaòm .4<# o |nc |o|da){àa jom|r`bs|c |o `mjrcdz`mk |nc tsda`'

jd|òm acuca o |nc rckòmda dml aojda{ori orjcz-



42

Xor|skda

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡24-3 bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡28-<; bàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡0:> gàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡00 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggczLcucaox`mk {oricrz‐ ziàaz9xrogo|`mk zsz|d`mdbackro{|n9 ksdrdm|cc`mk zoj`dajonczòm9 cmzsr`mk |crr`|or`dadml srbdm lcucaoxgcm|9`gxrou`mk |nc c j`cmjp o koucrmdmjc

\drkc|z@mjrcdzc |nc zndrc o uojd|òmda josrzcz dudàdbacd| zcjomldrp acuca |o 38# |orclsjc ucrp n`kn zjnooa lrox'os| rd|cz .:># `m 2883)

@mjrcdzc |nc zndrc o gcl`sg' dml n`kn'|cjnmoaokp jogxdm`cz m|nc mlsz|rp zcj|or rog:-<# |oldp |o 5-2# `m 2848Rd`zc xrùd|c dml xsba`j`mucz|gcm| m rczcdrjn dml|cjnmoaokp dz d xroxor|òm o KLX .|o 8-># dml 4# `m 2848!rczxcj|ùcap)

Kc||`mk |ncrc6cmndmj`mk djjczz`bà`|p

Br`lkc a`mi`mk Zxd`m dml Xor|skda oucr |nc Ksdl`dmd Rùcr m |nc Dakdruc

\rdmzxor| `m rdz|rsj|src `z omc o |ncgoz| u`z`bac c~dgxacz o {nd| jdm bcdjn`cucl {`|n d`l rog |nc CS Z|rsj'|srda dml Jonczòm Esmlz-

Cmndmj`mk djjczz`bà`|p `z o icp `gxor|dmjc|o z|rcmk|ncm`mk rckòmda cjomog`czdml djn`cu`mk jonczòm dml jogxc|`'|ùcmczz- \nc Csroxcdm Smòm‐z |rdmzxor|xoa`jp xrogo|cz zsz|d`mdbac gobà`|p

or xcoxac dml koolz! cmzsr`mk c j`cmjp!zd c|p dml g`m`g`z`mk |nc mckd|ùc c cj|zom |nc cmu`romgcm|- \ncrc drc d msgbcro dj|òmz joucr`mk |rdmz'Csroxcdm |rdmz'xor| mc|{oriz .\CM'\)! d`r! rodl! rdà! gdr`'|`gc dml srbdm |rdmzxor| dz {caa dz `madml{d|cr{dpz! gsa|`golda |rdmzxor|! zd c|pdml z|d|c d`l rsacz-

\nc Jonczòm Esml dml |nc CsroxcdmRckòmda Lcucaoxgcm| Esml .CRLE)! `mxdr|`jsadr! nduc jom|r`bs|cl z`km` jdm|ap|o golcrm |rdmzxor| `m rdz|rsj|src `m|nc aczz'lcucaoxcl Gcgbcr Z|d|cz dmlrckòmz dml {àa jom|`msc |o lo zo `m |nc288;'4: xcròl-

Dbos| ₡;5 bàaòm .22-2# o |nc |o|dadaaojd|òm) {àa bc zxcm| om |rdmzxor|!{`|n d xròr`|p or \CM'\ xrofcj|z! sx rog₡:> bàaòm .43# o |nc |o|da) `m 2888'2885-@mucz|gcm|z {àa joucr |rdmzxor| z|rd|ck czd| CS! md|òmda dml rckòmda acucaz |nd| z|rìcd bdadmjc bc|{ccm rodl! rdà dml zsz|d`m'

dbac |rdmzxor| golcz- \nc a`miz bc|{ccmjonczòm dml |rdmzxor| xoa`jp drc |rdmz'ad|cl `m|o ks`lca`mcz! {n`jn cmzsrc |nctsda`|p o |nc xrofcj|z! dml d msgbcr o xròr`|`cz6

m :8 \CM'\ xrofcj|z o Csroxcdm `m|cr'cz| ! aojd|cl `m Gcgbcr Z|d|cz dml

rckòmz ca`k`bac smlcr |nc „Jomucrkcmjc‐obfcj|ùc- Zxcj`da d||cm|òm {àa ko |ojrozz'borlcr xrofcj|z-

m @mucz|gcm| `mzcjomldrp jommcj|òmz `m |nc jom|c~| o dm `m|ckrd|cl rckòmda|rdmzxor| dml joggsm`jd|òmz z|rd|ckp-

m Rdà `m rdz|rsj|src -

m Cmu`romgcm|daap zsz|d`mdbac |rdmz'xor| mc|{oriz-

m @gxroucl jommcj|ù`|p o admlaojicl|crr`|or`cz |o |nc |rdmz'Csroxcdm mc|'{oriz-

m „Go|or{dpz o |nc zcd‐-

Jonczòm xoa`jp `mucz|gcm| `m |rdmzxor|bc|{ccm 288; dml 284: {àa bc jomjcm'|rd|cl om |nc „Jomucrkcmjc‐ rckòmz- @| z zxa`|dz oaao{z6

m \CM'\ xrofcj|z djrozz daa |rdmzxor|golcz rcjcùc ₡:> bàaòm .44# o |nc|o|da o jonczòm xoa`jp `mucz|gcm|z)-Dbos| nda {àa bc or rodl `m rdz|rsj'|src dml nda or rdà-



4:

@rcadml

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡084 gàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡;34 gàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡434 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggcz@gxrou`mk cjomog`j`m rdz|rsj|src9 cm|crxr`zc!zj`cmjc dml mmoud|òm9nsgdm jdx`|da9zoj`da m rdz|rsj|src dmlzoj`da mjaszòm

\drkc|zJom|r`bs|c |o c~xdml`mk|nc cjomogp bp < |o <-3#xcr dmmsg m d duosrdbac`m|crmd|òmda cjomog`jja`gd|c

\nc Bca dz| rdà{dp! Lsba`m! @rcadml

m Dagoz| ₡<4 bàaòm .42# o |nc |o|da) {àabc dudàdbac orrodl `m rdz|rsj|src !`mjasl`mk \CM'\ dml md|òmda! rckòmdadml aojda rodlz-

m Eor rdà `m rdz|rsj|src ! d |o|da o ₡2:-5 bàaòm .5->#) {àa bc zxcm|! mjasl'`mk \CM'\ xrofcj|z-

m O|ncr daaojd|òmz `mjaslc6 xor|z dml`madml {d|cr{dpz 6 ₡<-4 bàaòm .4-2#)!gsa|`golda |rdmzxor| dml `m|caa`kcm||rdmzxor| zpz|cgz 6 ₡:-: bàaòm .4#)9d`rxor|z 6 ₡4-0 bàaòm .8-3#)9srbdm|rdmzxor| 6 ₡4-0 bàaòm .8-3#)-

\CM'\ d`gz |o cmzsrc |nd| md|òmda mc|{orizor daa golcz o |rdmzxor| drc djjczz`bac!

`m|crjommcj|cl dml `m|croxcrdbac- \nc CS

cz|dba`zncl ks`lca`mcz `m 4005 lc m`mkobfcj|ùcz! xròr`|`cz dml xrofcj|z o jog'gom `m|crcz| dz {caa dz mdmj`da `mz|rs'gcm|z-

\nc msgbcr o xròr`|p xrofcj|z {dzrd`zcl rog 4< |o :8 oaao{`mk rcjcm| CScmadrkcgcm|z! dml rsacz or krdm|`mk d`l

{crc gol` cl |o daao{ or d n`kncr gd~`'gsg jo' sml`mk rd|c or xròr`|p xrofcj|z|nd| jrozz borlcrz dml md|srda bdrr`crz-Jogxac|`mk |nc mc|{oriz {àa jomz`lcrdbaprclsjc fosrmcp |`gcz or xdzzcmkcrz dmlkoolz! |nroskn dm cz|`gd|cl 4<# rclsj'|òm `m rodl jomkcz|òm dml `gxroucl rdàxcr orgdmjc- Rclsj|òmz `m JO 2 cg`zzòmzdrc c~xcj|cl |o bc o |nc orlcr o 5-: gà'aòm |ommcz xcr pcdr-



4<

Erdmjc

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡4<-: bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡:-2 bàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡48-2 bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡>;2 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggcz@gxrou`mk jogxc|`|ùcmczz9xrogo|`mk dml zsz|d`m`mkcgxaopgcm|9 nsgdm jdx`|da9rckòmda d||rdj|ùcmczzdml mucz|gcm| mcgxaopgcm|9 cmzsr`mkzoj`da mjaszòm9 |crr`|or`dalcucaoxgcm| dml zsz|d`mdbaclcucaoxgcm|9 mmoud|òmdml |nc imo{aclkccjomogp9 |rd`m`mk9lcucaox`mk m orgd|òmdml joggsm`jd|òmz|cjnmoaok`cz9

|nc cmu`romgcm|9 r`zi duo`ldmjc9 cmcrkp xoa`jp

\drkc|z@mjrcdzc |nc zndrc o xrùd|crczcdrjn .4-23# o KMX `m 2885)dml dxxrodjn Joggsm`|pz|dmldrlz `m `mmoud|òmRclsjc cmcrkp m|cmz`|p bp2# d pcdr sm|à 2843 dmlrclsjc krccmnoszc kdzcg`zzòmz bp dm ducrdkc o :# sm|à 2838

@mmoud|`mk rckòmz@M\CJNGCR6 rczcdrjn `m|o bòaok`jda jom|dg`md|òm o gdr`mc cmu`romgcm|z! Jncrbosrk! Morgdmlp! Erdmjc

Zsz|d`mdbac cjomog`j kro{|n `z`mjrcdz`mkap rcad|cl |o |nc jdxdj`|p o rckòmda cjomog`cz |o jndmkc dml |o`mmoud|c- \n`z gcdmz |nd| dr krcd|crc or|z mccl |o bc jndmmcaacl `m|ojrcd|`mk dm cmu`romgcm| |nd| cmjosr'dkcz rczcdrjn! lcucaoxgcm| dml`mmoud|òm- Jonczòm xoa`jp rc cj|z|n`z {`|n d gdfor mjrcdzc m |nc sml'`mk dudàdbac or |n`z xròr`|p-

\nc ad|cz| z|d|`z|`jz jom rg adrkc l`z'xdr`|`cz bc|{ccm CS Gcgbcr Z|d|cz dmlrckòmz `m |nc cal o rczcdrjn dml lcuca'oxgcm| .R%L) dml mmoud|òm- C~xcml`|srcom R%L dgosm|cl |o dm ducrdkc o 4-><# o CS'2; krozz logcz|`j xrolsj| .KLX) `m2883! jogxdr`mk sm duosrdbap |o |ncSZD .2-5;#) dml Fdxdm .:-2#)- E`madmldml Z{clcm drc |nc omap Gcgbcr Z|d|cz|nd| zxcml gorc |ndm :# o |nc`r KLX om

R%L dml omap 2; o |nc 25> rckòmz `m |ncCS jsrrcm|ap rcdjn |n`z acuca- Gorc |ndm488 rckòmz zxcml aczz |ndm 4#! |nc gdfor'`|p o {n`jn drc `m zos|ncrm Csroxc dmlmc{ Gcgbcr Z|d|cz-

\nrcc Gcgbcr Z|d|cz ‚ Kcrgdmp! Erdmjcdml |nc Sm`|cl I`mklog ‚ djjosm| or|{o'|n`rlz o |nc CS‐z |o|da R%L c~xcml`'|src- \nc |ox |cm R%L c~xcml`|src rckòmzzxcm| ₡32-3 bàaòm `m 288: ‚ gorc |ndm23# o |o|da CS c~xcml`|src- No{cucr!

om |nc xoz`|ùc z`lc |nc goz| z`km` jdm|`mjrcdzcz `m R%L c~xcml`|src oucr |nc

xcròl 2884'288< {crc `m Cz|om`d . 40#)!Jpxrsz . 4>#)! A`|nsdm`d . 4<#) dmlZxd`m . 4:#)-

C~dgxacz o |nc |pxc o dj|òmz d| drckòmda acuca |nd| jdm djà`|d|c `mmoud'|òm drc6 `mucz|gcm|z `m `m rdz|rsj|src!cts`xgcm| dml djà`|`cz9 z|rcmk|ncm`mk|nc a`miz bc|{ccm `mlsz|r`da lcucaoxgcm|vomcz dml rczcdrjn `mz|`|s|òmz9 zsxxor|

or jasz|crz! jcm|rcz o c~jcaacmjc! zj`cmjcdml |cjnmoaokp xdriz9 cmjosrdk`mk |ncgobà`|p o rczcdrjncrz9 dml xdr|mcrzn`xzbc|{ccm |rd`m`mk mz|`|s|cz dml aojda |cjn'moaokp cm|crxr`zcz-

Jonczòm xoa`jp `mz|rsgcm|z cgxndz`zcrczcdrjn dml mmoud|òm m 288;'4: ! {`|n|o|da sml`mk o dagoz| ₡58 bàaòm .4;-:# o |nc |o|da) {n`jn rcxrczcm|z rczxcj|ùcap dlosba`mk dml |r`xa`mk o mdmj`da rczosrjczcdrgdricl or R%L dml `mmoud|òm smlcr|nc Jomucrkcmjc dml |nc Rckòmda Jog'xc|`|ùcmczz dml Cgxaopgcm| obfcj|ùczjogxdrcl |o |nc xrcuòsz xcròl-

O |n`z |o|da! ₡43-5 bàaòm {àa ko om rczcdrjnjcm|rcz dml `m rdz|rsj|src! ₡25-3 bàaòm om|cjnmoaokp |rdmz cr dml R%L dml `mmoud'|òm zsxxor| |o rgz! dml ₡43 bàaòm om`m orgd|òm dml joggsm`jd|òm |cjnmoa'ok`cz-

Dj|òmz {àa ojsz om osr drcdz- Z|rcmk|n'cm`mk jooxcrd|òm! bo|n dgomk bsz`'

mczzcz dml bc|{ccm bsz`mczzcz dml xsb'a`j rczcdrjn `mz|`|s|òmz! {àa bc djn`cucl



43

\nc Mc|ncradmlz

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡4-0 bàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡4-5 bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡2<; gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggczZ|rcmk|ncm`mkjogxc|`|ùcmczz bp

ojsz`mk om mmoud|òm9cm|rcxrcmcsrzn`x9d||rdj|ùcmczz o rckòmz!j`|`cz9 adbosr gdric|zsxxap9 `mucz|`mk `m nsgdmjdx`|da9 jooxcrd|òm {`|nmc`knbosr`mk josm|r`cz

\drkc|zJom|r`bs|c |o os|xs| mrczcdrjn dml |cjnmoaok`jdalcucaoxgcm|! mmoud|òm!cm|rcxrcmcsrzn`x dml

|nc m orgd|òm zoj`c|p!`m xdr|`jsadr `m zgdaa dmlgcl`sg'z`vcl cm|crxr`zczdml or j`|`vcmz zcru`jczJom|r`bs|c |o gxrou`mkdjjczz |o cgxaopgcm| dml|o mjrcdz`mk |nc dldx|dbà`|po {oricrz dml adbosrxrolsj|ù`|p

Xnàcdz6 `mmoud|`mk `m |nc |rdmzxor| zcj|or! |nc Mc|ncradmlz

|nroskn |rdmzrckòmda jasz|crz- \nc zcjomlxròr`|p `z |o zsxxor| rczcdrjn dml `mmoud'|òm m zgdaa dml gcl`sg'z`vcl cm|crxr`zcz- \nc |n`rl `z |o booz| rckòmda jrozz'bor'lcr dml |rdmzmd|òmda joaadbord|òm! dml|nc mda xròr`|p `z |o z|rcmk|ncm jdxdj`|p'bsàl`mk `m rdz|rsj|src dml nsgdm jdx`|da`m drcdz {`|n z`km` jdm| kro{|n xo|cm|`da-

Zsbz|dm|`da sml`mk or `mmoud|òm xro'krdggcz {àa bc xrou`lcl `m josm|r`czzsjn dz Zxd`m! Xoadml! Krccjc! |nc JvcjnRcxsba`j! Nsmkdrp! Xor|skda dml Zaoudi`d-@m Xoadml! or c~dgxac! zsxxor| or |nc„`mmoud|ùc cjomogp‐ md|òmda xrokrdggc

rog |nc Z|rsj|srda Esmlz dgosm|z |o₡>-: bàaòm ‚ gorc |ndm 42# o |nc |o|damd|òmda daaojd|òm-

Gcdm{nàc! `m Erdmjc dml |nc Mc|ncradmlz!`mmoud|òm `z |nc gd`m xròr`|p o daa rckòmdaxrokrdggcz! djjosm|`mk or drosml nda o

|nc`r |o|da zxcml- @m E`madml! |nc cgxndz`zom `mmoud|òm `m daa rckòmda xrokrdggczrcecj|z |nc c~xa`j`| d`g o lcjcm|rda`z`mk|nc CS‐z A`zbom Z|rd|ckp |o booz| kro{|ndml fobz-

@m gdmp o |nc zgdaacr Gcgbcr Z|d|cz!xrokrdggcz `mjaslc `mmoud|òm daomk'z`lc o|ncr xròr`|`cz! zsjn dz `m rdz|rsj|srclcucaoxgcm|- \n`z `z |px`jdaap |nc jdzc or|nc „Jomucrkcmjc‐ josm|r`cz! zsjn dz |ncBda|`j Z|d|cz! Gda|d dml Zaoucm`d! bs| `zdazo |rsc o Lcmgdri- No{cucr! `| locz mo|`gxap aczz cgxndz`z om `mmoud|òm- A`|nsd'm`d! or c~dgxac! xadmz |o daaojd|c ># o |o|da rczosrjcz |o `|z rczcdrjn `m rdz|rsj'|src dml d sr|ncr ># |o |nc `m orgd|òmzoj`c|p-



45

As~cgbosrk

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡53 gàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡38 gàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡43 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggczXrogo|`mk |nc cz|dba`zngcm|o zgdaa dml gcl`sg'z`vclcm|crxr`zczLcucaoxgcm| o srbdmjcm|rcz |nd| nduc smlcrkomccjomog`j jndmkc@gxrouc imo{aclkc dml`mmoud|òm! `m xdr|`jsadr d|xsba`j dml xrùd|c rczcdrjnjcm|rcz@mjrcdzc |nc cgxaopgcm|rd|c! m xdr|`jsadr dgomk

cgdac dml oalcr {oricrz

\drkc|z

Jom|r`bs|c |o djn`cu`mk|nc c~xcml`|src |drkc| o :# o KLX or rczcdrjn dmllcucaoxgcm|! m xdr|`jsadr`m |nc xrùd|c zcj|or! dml |orclsj`mk JO 2 cg`zzòmz `mu`c{ o |nc Ipo|o |drkc|z

Krccm a`kn| orzsz|d`mdbac kro{|n

\cjnmoaokp rczosrjc jcm|rc or |nc cmu`romgcm|6 Czjn'zsr'Davc||c! As~cgbosrk

Rckòmda xoa`j`cz mccl |o bc zsz|d`m'dbac! dml gorc sml`mk |ndm cucr `zbc`mk daaojd|cl |o cmu`romgcm|daap

r`cmlap `m`|`d|ùcz `m |nc 288;'4:xcròl- \nc cmu`romgcm| jdm bc dzosrjc o cjomog`j kro{|n! c`|ncrbp cmjosrdk`mk `mmoud|ùc dml jacdm|cjnmoaok`cz! oz|cr`mk c j`cm|cmcrkp szc! bsàl`mk sx cjo'|osr'`zg! or z`gxap |nroskn md|srda ndb`'|d|z cmndmj`mk |nc d||rdj|ùcmczz o drcdz-

Cmzsr`mk zsz|d`mdbac lcucaoxgcm| dmld n`kn acuca o cmu`romgcm|da xro|cj|òmdrc rcts`rcl `m daa Csroxcdm Smòm xoa`j`cz-Aìc{`zc! |nc ackda bdzcz dml ks`lca`mczo rckòmda xoa`jp z|d|c |nd| cjomog`j!zoj`da dml cmu`romgcm|da obfcj|ùcz gsz|

bc `m|ckrd|cl- Rckòmda lcucaoxgcm|jdm omap bc zsz|d`mdbac ` `| rczxcj|z |nccmu`romgcm|-

CS rckòmda xoa`jp jdm jom|r`bs|c |ozsz|d`mdbà`|p bp xrogo|`mk cmu`rom'gcm|daap r`cmlap |cjnmoaok`cz9 |rdmzxor |!cmcrkp dml `m rdz|rsj|src `m`|`d|ùczcmzsr`mk n`kn {d|cr! d`r dml zoà tsda`|p-@m dll`|òm! Gcgbcr Z|d|cz nduc |o jdrrpos| cmu`romgcm|da `gxdj| dzzczzgcm|zdml jomzsa| cmu`romgcm|da ds|nor`|`cz

dml |nc xsba`j {ncm |ncp `gxacgcm|jonczòm xoa`jp xrokrdggcz-

\nc |o|da dgosm| o Z|rsj|srda dmlJonczòm Esmlz daaojd|cl |o cmu`romgcm'|da xrokrdggcz ndz losbacl z`mjc |ncxrcuòsz xcròl |o drosml ₡488 bàaòm ‚:8# o |nc |o|da- Nda o |n`z mucz|gcm| {àabc lcuo|cl |o `m rdz|rsj|src `mucz|gcm|z rcad|cl |o {d|cr dml {dz|c |rcd|gcm|!rcmc{da o jom|dg`md|cl z`|cz! xoaas|òmrclsj|òm! dml zsxxor| or md|src xro|cj'|òm dml r`zi xrcucm|òm- \nc o|ncr nda {àako om mucz|gcm|z {`|n dm cmu`romgcm|da`gxdj| `m drcdz zsjn dz |rdmzxor| dmlcmcrkp zpz|cgz! cjo'`mmoud|òm! cmu`'romgcm|da gdmdkcgcm| or bsz'`mczzcz! srbdm dml rsrda rckcmcrd|òm!dml cjo'|osr`zg- Eor c~dgxac! oucr₡; bàaòm drc cdrgdricl |o zsxxor|cmcrkp c j`cmjp dml rcmc{dbac cmcr'k`cz-

\nc Jonczòm Esml .oxcrd|`mk `m Bsakdr`d!Jpxrsz! |nc Jvcjn Rcxsba`j! Cz|om`d! Krccjc!Nsmkdrp! Ad|u`d! A`|nsdm`d! Gda|d! Xoadml!Xor|skda! Rogdm`d! Zaoudi`d! Zaoucm`d! dmlZxd`m) `z |nc gdfor zosrjc o mdmjc orcmu`romgcm|'rcad|cl m rdz|rsj|src xrofcj|z.czxcj`daap `m cmcrkp c j`cmjp! rcmc{dbaccmcrkp! rdà |rdmzxor| dml `m|crgolda orxsba`j |rdmzxor| zpz|cgz)- @| xrou`lcz sml'`mk or `mucz|gcm|'`m|cmzùc xrofcj|z dmlncaxz |nczc josm|r`cz |o gcc| |nc Csro'

xcdm Smòm‐z cmu`romgcm|da z|dmldrlz-



4;

Lcmgdri

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡54: gàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡348 gàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡48: gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggczNsgdm rczosrjcz9`mmoud|òm9 cmndmjcl szco m orgd|òm |cjnmoaokp9cm|rcxrcmcsrzn`x9 d||rdj|ùcrckòmz9 gxrou`mk adbosr

orjc dldx|dbà`|p dmltsda` jd|òmz

\drkc|zN`kncr xcrjcm|dkc o |rd`mcl xcoxac@mjrcdzc |nc msgbcr o `mmoud|ùc cm|crxr`zczRd`zc |nc xcmc|rd|òmrd|c o m orgd|òm dml

joggsm`jd|òm |cjnmoaok`cz`m jogxdm`cz rog 35#.2883) |o ;3#

Xrogo|`mk cmcrkp'c j`cm| zosrjcz6 zoadr xdmcaz `m Gdrz|da! Epmz dg|! Lcmgdri

Rckòmz |nrosknos| Csroxc {àa bc`mjrcdz`mkap jom rom|cl {`|n |nc `gxdj|zo ja`gd|c jndmkc ! dz {caa dz {`|n mc{jndaacmkcz `m |crgz o cmcrkp xrou`zòmdml c j`cmjp- \nczc {àa udrp lcxcml`mkom |nc rckòm- [nàc ;# o |nc Smòm‐z xox'sad|òm aùc `m eool'xromc drcdz! drosml0# aùc `m drcdz {ncrc |ncrc drc oucr 428ldpz d pcdr {`|nos| rd`m- \nc jogb`mcl`gxdj|z o ja`gd|c jndmkc {àa xozc zcr`'osz xrobacgz or tsda`|p o a` c! |osr`zgdml dkr`jsa|src `m zogc CS rckòmz-

Jonczòm xoa`jp jdm xadp dm `gxor|dm| roac`m zsxxor|`mk c or|z |o dldx| |o s|src ja`'gd|c jndmkc dml g`m`g`zc |nc mckd|ùc`gxdj|z d| rckòmda acuca- @| jdm zsxxor|cjo'`mmoud|òm! cmu`romgcm|da r`zi xro|cj'|òm gcdzsrcz dml jacdm cm|crxr`zcz! dmljrcd|c gdric| oxxor|sm`|`cz or bsz`mczzcz`m |nczc drcdz-

\nc mc{ rckòmda xoa`jp xrokrdggcz kùcgorc zsxxor| |ndm cucr |o |nc lcucaox'gcm| o rcmc{dbac dml da|cr md|ùc

cmcrk`cz ! gcdm`mk |nd| |ncrc drc oxxor'|sm`|`cz or Csroxcdm bsz`mczzcz |o bcmc'

|- Lcucaox`mk |cjnmoaok`cz! zsjn dz {`ml!zoadr dml bògdzz! jdm kùc |nc CS d acdl'`mk clkc dml z|rcmk|ncm `|z jogxc|`|ùcxoz`|òm-

Csroxc‐z mjrcdz`mk lcxcmlcmjp om cmcrkp

`gxor|z dml |nc jom|`msosz kro{|n o jomkcz|òm d cj|`mk rodl dml d`r |rdmzxor|rclsjc |nc jogxc|`|ùcmczz o Csroxcdm`mlsz|rp- \ncrc orc! rcmc{dbac cmcrkp dxxa`jd|òmz dml mc|{oriz! jacdmcr golczo |rdmzxor| dml cmu`romgcm|daap r`cmlap|cjnmoaok`cz drc icp xròr`|`cz `m |crgzo golcrm`z`mk xrolsj|òm dml rclsj`mkcg`zzòmz- @m |nc drcd o |rdmzxor|! rcbda'dmj`mk daaojd|òmz bc|{ccm d`r dml rodlz!om |nc omc ndml! dml rdà{dpz! `madml{d|cr{dpz dml znor|'zcd zn`xx`mk! om |nco|ncr! znosal rczxcj| |nc l` crcm| z`|sd'|òmz |nd| c~`z| m Gcgbcr Z|d|cz-



4>

Gda|d

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡>33 gàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡><8 gàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡43 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggczZsz|d`m`mk d kro{`mk!imo{aclkc'bdzcl!jogxc|`|ùc cjomogp9`gxrou`mk d||rdj|ùcmczzdml tsda`|p o a` c9`mucz|`mk m nsgdm jdx`|da9dllrczz`mk Kovo‐z rckòmdal`z|`mj|ùcmczz

\drkc|z@mjrcdzc KLX xcr jdx`|d mrcad|òm |o |nc CS ducrdkc

rog 50-2# `m 2883 |o;<# bp 284:@mjrcdzc mog`mda c~xor|z o koolz dml zcru`jcz bc|{ccm

288; dml 284: bp <# |ogcdzsrc djn`cucgcm|z mjogxc|`|ùcmczz@mjrcdzc |nc cgxaopgcm|rd|c rog 3<-:# `m 2883 |o3;# bp 284:

D bc||cr a` c `m Csroxc‐z j`|`czRcz|or`mk Gda|d‐z jsa|srda ncr`|dkc

J`|`cz zpgboa`zc |nc |{o'xromkcljndaacmkc jsrrcm|ap dj`mk |ncCsroxcdm Smòm6 no{ |o `gxroucjogxc|`|ùcmczz {nàc gcc|`mk zoj`dadml cmu`romgcm|da lcgdmlz-

Csroxc‐z j`|`cz drc `|z jcm|rcz o cjomog`jdj|ù`|p! `mmoud|òm dml cgxaopgcm|!pc| |ncp djc d msgbcr o jndaacmkcz- \nc|rcml |o{drlz zsbsrbdm`zd|òm! |nc jomjcm'|rd|òm o lcxrùd|òm dml smcgxaopgcm|`m srbdmmc`knbosrnoolz! `mjrcdz`mk jom'kcz|òm ‚ jogxac~ xrobacgz zsjn dz |nczcrcts`rc `m|ckrd|cl dmz{crz `m |rdmzxor|!nosz`mk! dml |rd`m`mk dml cgxaopgcm|zjncgcz! {n`jn gsz| bc |dàorcl |o aojdamcclz- Csroxcdm rckòmda dml jonczòmxoa`j`cz dllrczz |nczc jndaacmkcz-

Xoa`j`cz drc lcz`kmcl |o zsxxor| j`|`czdz lrùcrz o rckòmda lcucaoxgcm| -Xrogo|`mk cm|rcxrcmcsrzn`x! `mmoud'|òm dml |nc lcucaoxgcm| o zcru`jczbooz|z |nc`r d||rdj|ùcmczz- @gxrou'`mk mc`knbosrnoolz `m jr`z`z! mo|dbapbp rcndbà`|d|`mk |nc xnpz`jda cmu`rom'gcm|! rclcucaox`mk bro{m `cal z`|czdml xrczcru`mk dml lcucaox`mk |nc n`z'|or`jda dml jsa|srda ncr`|dkc! jom|r`bs|cz |od bdadmjcl srbdm lcucaoxgcm|- Zsxxor| orjacdm srbdm |rdmzxor| cmndmjcz |nc zsz'|d`mdbà`|p o j`|`cz-

Zogc ₡24-4 bàaòm nduc bccm cdrgdriclor srbdm lcucaoxgcm| bc|{ccm 288;

dml 284:! rcxrczcm|`mk 5-4# o |nc |o|da CSjonczòm xoa`jp bslkc|- O |n`z! ₡:-< bàaòm

drc or |nc rcndbà`|d|òm o `mlsz|r`da z`|czdml jom|dg`md|cl adml! ₡0-> bàaòm orsrbdm dml rsrda rckcmcrd|òm xrofcj|z!₡; bàaòm or jacdm srbdm |rdmzxor|! dml₡04; gàaòm or nosz`mk-

O|ncr `mucz|gcm|z or `m rdz|rsj|src `mrczcdrjn dml `mmoud|òm! |rdmzxor|! |nccmu`romgcm|! clsjd|òm! ncda|n dml jsa'|src dazo nduc d z`km` jdm| `gxdj| `m j`|`cz-

[`|n dm `m|ckrd|cl dxxrodjn ! jonczòmxoa`jp jdm c~xao`| |nc zpmcrk`cz bc|{ccml` crcm| xoa`jp logd`mz! dml dazo cmjosr'dkc l`daoksc bc|{ccm dlg`m`z|rd|òmz!zoj`da dml cjomog`j xdr|mcrz dml jùàzoj`c|p orkdm`zd| omz-

\nc mc{ jonczòm xoa`jp rcksad|òmzor 288;'4: xrou`lc `mz|rsgcm|z or |nc

z|rcmk|ncm`mk o |nc srbdm l`gcmzòm `m|nc mc{ kcmcrd|òm o xrokrdggcz- \ncpcgxndz`zc |nc mccl |o `muoauc aojda dml

rckòmda ds|nor`|`cz `m |nc xadmm`mk dml`gxacgcm|d|òm o xrokrdggcz-

Md|òmda dml rckòmda ds|nor`|`cz jdm zsb'lcackd|c xrokrdggc gdmdkcgcm|! orxdr|z o `|! |o aojda ds|nor`|`cz! {nàz| o|ncrxrùd|c orkdm`zd|òmz znosal bc `muoaucldz xdr|mcrz-

Lsr`mk |nc 288;'4: xcròl! Csroxcdm j`|`cz{àa bcmc | `m gdmp {dpz rog jonczòmxoa`jp mz|rsgcm|z! m`|`d|ùcz dml |ooaz6



40

Jvcjn Rcxsba`j

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡25-; bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡23-0 bàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡<40 gàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡:>0 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggcz@mjrcdz`mk jogxc|`|ùcmczz9zsxxor| or rczcdrjn dmllcucaoxgcm|9 mmoud|òm9lcucaox`mk zsz|d`mdbac|osr`zg9 clsjd|òm9cgxaopgcm|9 zoj`da jonczòm9lcucaox`mk |nc m orgd|òmzoj`c|p9 rclsj`mk |ncdlg`m`z|rd|ùc bsrlcm9`gxrou`mk djjczz`bà`|p |o|rdmzxor|9 zsz|d`mdbac rsrdadml srbdm lcucaoxgcm|

\drkc|z

D||d`m |nc cjomog`jacuca or CS'23Rd`zc |nc cgxaopgcm| rd|c

rog 5<-># `m 2883 |o 55->#@mjrcdzc |nc KLX zndrc o rczcdrjn dml lcucaoxgcm|

rog 4-<2# |o 2-2# bp 2843

\nc oal j`|p jcm|rc `m \caj! Jvcjn Rcxsba`j `z d |osr`z| d||rdj|òm

m Srbdm lcucaoxgcm| `zzscz nduc bccm`m|ckrd|cl |o d adrkc c~|cm| `m daarckòmda dml md|òmda xrokrdggcz zsxxor|cl bp |nc Z|rsj|srda dml Jonc'zòm Esmlz-

m C~jndmkcz o bcz| xrdj|`jcz dml mc|'{ori`mk bc|{ccm srbdm xadmmcrz dmlo|ncr aojda c~xcr|z jogc smlcr |nc SRBDJ\ @@ xrokrdggc -

m [email protected]`m| Csroxcdm Zsxxor| orZsz|d`mdbac @mucz|gcm| `m J`|p Drcdz) `zd mc{ `m`|`d|ùc o |nc Csroxcdm Jog'g`zzòm! `m jooxcrd|òm {`|n |nc Csro'xcdm @mucz|gcm| Bdmi dml |nc Josmjào Csroxc Lcucaoxgcm| Bdmi- @| xro'go|cz mdmj`da cmk`mccr`mk or zsz|d`m'dbac `mucz|gcm|! cjomog`j kro{|n dmlcgxaopgcm| `m Csroxc‐z srbdm drcdz-

m \nc Srbdm Dsl`| xrou`lcz z|d|`z|`jdald|d dml `m orgd|òm om aù`mk joml`'|òmz `m :3; Csroxcdm j`|`cz `m |nc 2;CS Gcgbcr Z|d|cz dml Mor{dp! Z{`|'vcradml dml \sricp- Oucr ::8 `ml`jd'|orz o srbdm a` c `m Csroxc xrczcm|

ml`mkz om lcgokrdxnp! nosz`mk!ncda|n! jr`gc! |nc adbosr gdric|! cjo'mog`j dj|ù`|p! mjogc l`zxdr`|p! aojdadlg`m`z|rd|òm! jù`j `muoaucgcm|!

clsjd|òmda tsda` jd|òmz! jsa|srda`m rdz|rsj|src dml |osr`zg-



28

@|dap

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡2>-> bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡24-5 bàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡5-: bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡><5 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggczLcucaox`mk imo{aclkcmc|{oriz9 mjrcdz`mkaù`mk z|dmldrlz9 zcjsr`|pdml zoj`da `mjaszòm9

oz|cr`mk bsz`mczz jasz|crz!zcru`jcz dml jogxc|`|òm9`m|crmd|òmda`z`mk dmlgolcrm`z`mk |nc cjomogp

\drkc|zJom|r`bs|c |o ducrdkc dmmsdaKLX kro{|n o bc|{ccm 2-<dml :-4# `m |nc „Jomucrkcmjc‐rckòmz

@mjrcdzc cgxaopgcm|rog rosknap <3# |o 38# `m

|nczc rckòmz

@mucz|`mk `m xcoxacOm'|nc'fob |rd`m`mk m @|dap

\nc CS mcclz 2< gàaòm gorc fobz |odjn`cuc `|z |drkc| cgxaopgcm| rd|c o ;8#- [`|n dkc`mk xoxsad|òmz djrozzCsroxc! cgxaopgcm| dml |rd`m`mko |nc {ori orjc nduc bcjogc cucmgorc jrsj`da-

Cgxaopgcm| rd|cz! |nc acuca o ziàaz dml|nc `gxdj| o lcgokrdxn`j jndmkc udrpjomz`lcrdbap bc|{ccm CS rckòmz dml

rcts`rc |dàorcl dmz{crz- No{ |o djn`cucgorc dml bc||cr fobz dml dm clsjd|cl{ori orjc dbac |o gcc| s|src jndaacmkcz`z |ncrc orc d jrsj`da tscz|òm or |nc zsj'jczz o jonczòm xoa`jp-

Bc|{ccm 288; dml 284:! |nc jonczòmxoa`jp {àa `mucz| ₡03 bàaòm `m xcoxac ‚₡;5 bàaòm |nroskn |nc Csroxcdm Zoj`daEsml .CZE) dml ₡40 bàaòm |nroskn |ncCsroxcdm Rckòmda Lcucaoxgcm| Esml.CRLE)-

@m rcjcm| pcdrz! cgxaopgcm| ndz`mjrcdzcl dml smcgxaopgcm| rd|cznduc daacm- Cgxaopgcm| kro{|n djrozz|nc CS ndz ducrdkcl drosml 4#! br`mk'`mk |nc cgxaopgcm| rd|c sx |o 5:-># `m2883- @m |nc zdgc pcdr! |nc smcgxaop'gcm| rd|c caa |o >-;#! lo{m rog 0-4# |ncpcdr bc orc-

@m aczz'lcucaoxcl CS rckòmz! rckòmdacgxaopgcm| rd|cz jomucrkcl bc|{ccm2888 dml 2883 dml smcgxaopgcm| caa

rog 4:-<# |o 42-<#- No{cucr! `m 2883cgxaopgcm| rd|cz `m |nczc rckòmz {crcz|àa zogc 44# ao{cr |ndm |nozc `m |nc rcz|o |nc CS-

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or s|src cgxaopgcm| kro{|n-

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24

Zaoudi`d

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡44-5 bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡48-0 bàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡<<0 gàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡22; gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggcz@m rdz|rsj|src dml rckòmdadjjczz`bà`|p9 mmoud|òm9`m orgd|òm zoj`c|p dmlimo{aclkc cjomogp9 nsgdmrczosrjcz dml clsjd|òm

\drkc|zD||d`m |nc cjomog`j acuca o 58# o CS'43Rd`zc |nc cgxaopgcm| rd|c

rog 3;-;# `m 2883 |o 5:-<#bp 284:

@mucz|`mk `m xcoxac6 mc{ jnàljdrc jcm|rc `m d Rogd i`mlcrkdr|cm! Zaoudi`d

xoxsad|òm o D r`jd bp 4 bàaòm- Lcgo'krdxn`j jndmkc o |n`z gdkm`|slc {àanduc dm `gxdj| om |nc l`z|r`bs|òm o cjo'mog`j dj|ù`|`cz-

Eor |nc 288;'4: xcròl! jonczòm xoa`jp`mucz|gcm| xròr`|`cz daaojd|c `gxor|dm|rczosrjcz |o `gxrouc |nc dldx|dbà`|p o |nc adbosr orjc - Gorc |ndm ₡;8 bàaòmo |nc CZE daaojd|òm znosal bc `mucz|cl`m |rd`m`mk! cgxaopgcm| dml dj|òmz |o`gxrouc zoj`da `mjaszòm- Esr|ncrgorc! |ncCRLE `m xdr|`jsadr `mucz|z `m `m rdz|rsj|srcrcad|cl |o cgxaopgcm|! clsjd|òm dml|rd`m`mk! zsjn dz zjnooaz! nozx`|daz dmljnàljdrc djà`|`cz-

Djimo{aclk`mk |nc jomz`lcrdbac rc|srmom `mucz|gcm| rog clsjd|òm `m |nccdrap z|dkcz o a` c! daa Gcgbcr Z|d|cz nducdaaojd|cl d z`km` jdm| dgosm| o rczosrjcz|o |nc golcrm`zd|òm dml rc org o cls'jd|òm dml |rd`m`mk zpz|cgz- Eor c~dgxac!Lcmgdri d`gz |o nduc <3# o smziàacl{oricrz xdr|`j`xd|`mk `m |rd`m`mk dj|ù`'|`cz {`|n`m d pcdr- Zcucrda Gcgbcr Z|d|cz!`mjasl`mk Kcrgdmp! Zxd`m! Ad|u`d! A`|nsd'

m`d! Jpxrsz! Lcmgdri dml Cz|om`d! nduc zc|dm dgb`|òsz |drkc| or cgxaopgcm| rd|czo ;8#! {nàc |nc Sm`|cl I`mklog ndz zc|>8# dz |z bcmjngdri-



22

Sm`|cl I`mklog

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡48-5 bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡2-0 bàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡5-0 bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡;22 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggczCm|crxr`zc dml mmoud|òm9ziàaz dml cgxaopgcm|9cmu`romgcm|da dmljoggsm`|pzsz|d`mdbà`|p9 ojsz`mk omgdric| dàsrcz9 ctsda`|p9xdr|mcrzn`xz {`|n aojdads|nor`|`cz9 n`kncr clsjd|òm9|nc uoasm|drp dml xrùd|czcj|orz9 zsxxor| or |ncA`zbom Dkcmld

\drkc|z@gxrouc ziàaz

@gxrouc mucz|gcm| mrczcdrjn dml lcucaoxgcm|!xdr|`jsadrap `m |ncxrùd|c zcj|orEoz|cr mmoud|òm dmlcm|rcxrcmcsrzn`x

Zxcml`mk `| {`zcapRcmc{ Mor|n6 Mor|ncrm Cmcrkp @m`|`d|ùc! Mor|nsgbcradml! Sm`|cl I`mklog

\ncrc drc zcucrda mc{ |ooaz dml `m`'|`d|ùcz |o cmdbac |nc goz| c j`cm|dml zsz|d`mdbac szc o Z|rsj|srdadml Jonczòm Esmlz `m |nc 288;'4:xcròl- \ncp xooa c~xcr|`zc `m |ncgdmdkcgcm| o xrofcj|z or emdmj`dacmk`mccr`mk! cmzsr`mk |nd| |nc mucz|'gcm|z gd`m|d`m |nc`r gxdj| dml jom'|r`bs|c |o |nc aomk'|crg lcucaoxgcm|o rckòmz-

Zosml emdmj`da gdmdkcgcm| o jonc'zòm xoa`jp `mz|rsgcm|z jdm cmndmjcxsb'a`j `mucz|gcm|z- @m orlcr |o djn`cuc |n`z!|ncCsroxcdm Jogg`zzòm ndz lcucaoxcl|nrcc `mz|rsgcm|z {`|n |nc Csroxcdm@mucz|gcm| Bdmi .C@B)! |nc Csroxcdm Bdmi

or Rcjomz|rsj|òm dml Lcucaoxgcm|.CBRL) dml |nc Josmjà o Csroxc Bdmi .JCB)- \ncp ncax {`|n |nc |cjnm`jda dzxcj|zo adrkc `m rdz|rsj|src xrofcj|z! xsba`j'xrùd|c xdr|mcrzn`xz! or `mdmj`dacmk`'

mccr`mk bc|{ccm mdmj`da mz|`|s|òmz dmlGcgbcr Z|d|cz dml rckòmz-

Jaozcr jooxcrd|òm bc|{ccm |nc CsroxcdmJogg`zzòm dml mdmj`da `mz|`|s|òmz {àaz|rcmk|ncm jdxdj`|p'bsàl`mk `m md|òmdadml rckòmda dlg`m`z|rd|òmz-

\nc |nrcc mc{ mz|rsgcm|z drc6

m FDZXCRZ.Fo`m| Dzz`z|dmjc `m Zsxxor|`mkXrofcj|z `m Csroxcdm Rckòmz)! {n`jnlcucaoxz jooxcrd|òm bc|{ccm |nc

Csroxcdm Jogg`zzòm! |nc C@B dml

|nc CBRL! xooa`mk c~xcr|`zc dml dzz`z|'`mk Gcgbcr Z|d|cz dml rckòmz {`|ngdfor xrofcj|z- Icp drcdz or dzz`z|dmjcdrc6 |rdmzxor| dml cmcrkp m rdz|rsj|srcxrofcj|z .`mjasl`mk |rdmz'Csroxcdmmc|{oriz)! dml cmcrkp c j`cmjp dmlrcmc{dbac cmcrkp `m`|`d|ùcz! xdr'|`jsadrap `m |nc dzzczzgcm| o xsba`j'xrùd|c xdr|mcrzn`xz- \ncrc z d FDZXCRZ|cdg o c~xcr|z gdmdkcl rog |nc

C@B‐z ncdltsdr|crz `m As~cgbosrk- m [email protected]`m| Csroxcdm Rczosrjcz

or G`jro |o Gcl`sg Cm|crxr`zcz)! dm`m`|`d|ùc o |nc Csroxcdm Jogg`zzòm!|nc C@B dml |nc Csroxcdm @mucz|gcm|Esml .C@E)! cmndmjcz djjczz or zgdaadml gcl`sg'z`vcl cm|crxr`zcz .ZGCz) |o

mdmjc- FCRCG@C daao{z Gcgbcr Z|d|czdml rckòmz |o os|zosrjc |o |nc C@E |ncgdmdkcgcm| o mdmj`da cmk`mccr`mkdml ZGC mdmjc xrokrdggcz- Xrol'

sj|z `mjaslc cts`|p! ucm|src jdx`|da!ksdrdm|ccz! aodmz dml |cjnm`jda dzz`z|'dmjc {n`jn {àa daao{ d gsa|`xa`cr c cj|o |nc CS smlz bp sz`mk rcuoau`mkmdm'j`da xrolsj|z `mz|cdl o krdm|z- \nc C@E!dml md|òmda dml rckòmda ds|nor`|`cz!{àalcz`km |dàorcl zjncgcz or ZGCz `m daazcj|orz- FCRCG@C `z c~xcj|cl |o jom'|r`bs|c zsbz|dm|`daap |o{drlz `gxrou`mkdjjczz |o mdmjc or ZGCz `m dbos| 28Gcgbcr Z|d|cz `muoau`mk CRLErczosrjczo |nc orlcr o ₡2-3 bàaòm-



2:

Bcak`sg

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡2-: bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡5:> gàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡4-< bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡40< gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggczRc`m orj`mk zsz|d`mdbac|crr`|or`da jonczòm dmljogxc|`|ùcmczz9 xrogo|`mk|nc cjomogp o imo{aclkcdml mmoud|òm9 srbdmlcucaoxgcm|9 nsgdm dmlbsz`mczz lcucaoxgcm|9rczcdrjn9 |rd`m`mk9 rclsj`mksmcgxaopgcm|9 kn|`mkl`zjr`g`md|òm dmlxrogo|`mk ctsda`|p

\drkc|zJom|r`bs|c |o djn`cu`mk |nc

acuca o :# o KLX zxcm| omrczcdrjn dml lcucaoxgcm|@mjrcdzc |nc cgxaopgcm|rd|c |o ;8# .58# or cgdac{oricrz dml 38# or oalcr{oricrz bc|{ccm 33 dml 5<pcdrz oal)

@mucz|`mk `m rczcdrjn6 G`mcruc Jcm|rc or bò|cjnmoaokp rczcdrjn `m Jndracro`! [daaom`d! Bcak`sg

m [email protected]`m| Csroxcdm Zsxxor| orZsz|d`mdbac @mucz|gcm| `m J`|p Drcdz)!dm `m`|`d|ùc o |nc Jogg`zzòm! |nc C@Bdml |nc JCB |o xrogo|c zsz|d`mdbac`mucz|gcm| `m srbdm xrofcj|z dml xro'krdggcz- @| jommcj|z Gcgbcr Z|d|cz!rckòmz dml j`|`cz {`|n |nc Csroxcdmbdmi`mk dml mdmj`da zcj|or or gorcdml bc||cr `mucz|gcm| `m j`|`cz- \ncgdmdk`mk ds|nor`|`cz o Z|rsj|srda Esml

xrokrdggcz jdm |dic dludm|dkc o os|'z`lc c~xcr|`zc `m orlcr |o nduc krcd|crdjjczz |o aodm jdx`|da or xrogo|'`mk srbdm lcucaoxgcm|- Rczosrj cz

rog oxcrd|òmda xrok rdggcz |obc `mucz|cl smlcr FCZZ@JD jdm bc|rdmz crrcl |o srbdm lcucaoxgcm|

smlz! dml jo' mdmj`mk jdm jogc roggsm`j`xda`|`cz! bdmiz! xcmzòm smlz or`mucz|gcm| smlz-



2<

Zaoucm`d

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡<-2 bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡<-4 bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡48< gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggczXrogo|`mk cm|rcxrcmcsrzn`x!`mmoud|òm dml |cjnmoaok`jdalcucaoxgcm|9 z|rcmk|ncm`mknsgdm jdx`|da9 fobjrcd|òm9 bdadmjcl rckòmdalcucaoxgcm|

\drkc|zJom|r`bs|c 8-;3# |o |ncdmmsda mjrcdzc o KLXZ|`gsad|c dm mjrcdzc o 4-;# m |nc cgxaopgcm| rd|c

Jooxcrd|òm {`|nos| borlcrzRdà{dp |rdjiz drc bc`mk rcmc{cl `m Zaoucm`d

Jonczòm xoa`jp cmjosrdkcz rckòmzdml j`|`cz rog l` crcm| CS Gcg'bcr Z|d|cz dml sr|ncr decal |o {ori |okc|ncr dml acdrm rog cdjn o|ncr|nroskn zndr`mk joggom xro'krdggcz! xrofcj|z dml mc|{oriz-\ncrc drc d msgbcr o `m`|`d|ùcz or|nc 288;'4: xcròl-

\nc Csroxcdm \crr`|or`da Jooxcrd'

|òm obfcj|ùc! mdmjcl bp |nc CsroxcdmRckòmda Lcucaoxgcm| Esml .CRLE)!zsxxor|z jrozz'borlcr! |rdmzmd|òmda! dml`m|crrckòmda jooxcrd|òm xrokrdggcz- \nc bslkc| o ₡>-; bàaòm or |n`z obfcj'|ùc djjosm|z or 2-3# o |nc |o|da 288;'4:daaojd|òm or jonczòm xoa`jp-

\ncrc `z dazo d ackda `mz|rsgcm| |oz|rcmk|ncm jooxcrd|òm djrozz borlcrz!dml d msgbcr o mc{ mz|rsgcm|z |o zsxxor|rckòmda lcucaoxgcm| daomk |nc CS‐z c~|crmda

borlcrz {`|n jdml`ld|c dml xo|cm|`da jdm'l`ld|c josm|r`cz dml |n`rl josm|r`cz-

\nc l` crcm| z|rdmlz o |nc Csroxcdm \cr'r`|or`da Jooxcrd|òm obfcj|ùc drc6

m 3: jrozz'borlcr xrokrdggcz daomk`m|crmda CS borlcrz- \ncp ncax lcucaoxcm|rcxrcmcsrzn`x dml zgdaa |o gcl`sg'z`vcl cm|crxr`zcz9 jrozz'borlcr |rdlc9|osr`zg dml jsa|src9 cmu`romgcm|dagdmdkcgcm|9 |rdmzxor|! `m orgd|òmdml joggsm`jd|òm mc|{oriz9 {d|cr!{dz|c dml cmcrkp gdmdkcgcm|9 fo`m|szc o ncda|n! jsa|src dml clsjd|òm

`m rdz|rsj|src9 dml fsl`j`da dml dlg`m'`z|rd|ùc jo'oxcrd|òm-CRLE jom|r`bs|òm 6 ₡3-5 bàaòm-

m 4: |rdmzmd|òmda jooxcrd|òm xro'krdggcz joucr adrkcr drcdz o jooxcrd|òm zsjn dz |nc Bda|`j Zcd!Dax`mc dml Gcl`|crrdmcdm rckòmz- \ncp ojsz om xrofcj|z bc|{ccm rckòmzrcad|cl |o `mmoud|òm! cmu`romgcm| dmlr`zi xrcucm|òm! djjczz`bà`|p dml zsz'|d`mdbac srbdm lcucaoxgcm|-CRLE jom|r`bs|òm 6 ₡4-> bàaòm

m \nc `m|crrckòmda jooxcrd|òm xro'krdggc .@M\CRRCK @UJ)xrou`lcz d

rdgc{ori or |nc c~jndmkc o c~xcr`cmjczbc|{ccm rckòmda dml aojda `mz|`|s|òmz `ml` crcm| josm|r`cz- \ncrc drc |{o xròr`|`cz6`mmoud|òm dml |nc imo{aclkc cjomogp!dml cmu`romgcm| dml r`zi xrcucm|òm- \okc|ncr {`|n |nc SRBDJ\ @@ xrokrdggc!|n`z xrokrdggc `z |nc gd`m ucn`jac or|nc CS „Rckòmz or Cjomog`j Jndmkc ‐`m`|`d|ùc {n`jn `z lcz`kmcl |o zsxxor|rckòmda dml srbdm mc|{oriz lcucaox`mkdml zxrcdl`mk bcz| xrdj|`jcz m cjomog`jgolcrm`zd|òm-CRLE jom|r`bs|òm 6 ₡:24 gàaòmJosm|r`cz 6 CS'2;! Mor{dp dmlZ{`|vcradml

m \nc SRBDJ\ @@ xrokrdggc br`mkz|okc|ncr dj|orz d| aojda dml rckòmdaacuca `m orlcr |o c~jndmkc c~xcr`cmjczdml djà`|d|c acdrm`mk om srbdm xoa`jp|ncgcz- \nc xrokrdggc zsxxor|z



23

Nsmkdrp

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡23-: bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡22-0 bàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡2 bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡:>5 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggcz@gxrou`mk jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml |nc imo{aclkccjomogp9 gxrou`mk |ncbsz`mczz cmu`romgcm| dmljom|r`bs|`mk |o dj|ùc adbosrgdric| xoa`j`cz9 nsgdmrczosrjc lcucaoxgcm|

\drkc|z@mjrcdzc mc{ fobz bp <#Rd`zc |nc xrolsj|òm acucazo cm|crxr`zcz bp 48# bp 2843

Jommcj|`mk josm|r`cz6 |nc mc{ |rd`m a`mi bc|{ccm Nsmkdrp dml Zaoucm`d

|ncgd|`j mc|{oriz dml {ori`mk krosxzbc|{ccm j`|`cz! jom crcmjcz! dml |nclcucaoxgcm| o |ooaz-CRLE jom|r`bs|òm 6 ₡3: gàaòmJosm|r`cz 6 CS'2;! Mor{dp dmlZ{`|vcradml

m \nc „Csroxcdm Zxd|`da Xadmm`mkObzcrud|òm Mc|{ori‐ .CZXOM)xrou`lcz zj`cm|` j `m orgd|òm or |nclcucaoxgcm| o rckòmz dml adrkcr |crr`'|or`cz |nroskn dxxa`cl rczcdrjn! dmdapz`zdml |ooaz-CRLE jom|r`bs|òm 6 ₡:< gàaòmJosm|r`cz 6 CS'2;! Mor{dp! Z{`|vcradml!@jcadml dml A`cjn|cmz|c m

m \nc @M\CRDJ\ @@ xrokrdggc o crzzcru`jcz dml |ooaz om |nc gdmdkcgcm|o jooxcrd|òm xrokrdggczCRLE jom|r`bs|òm 6 ₡:< gàaòm

Rckòmda jooxcrd|òm xrofcj|z jdm djc

l` jsa|`cz lsc |o l` crcm| md|òmda |d~d'|òm! adbosr or xadmm`mk ad{z- \ncCsro'xcdm Krosx`mk or \crr`|or`da Jooxcrd'|òm .CK\J) `z d mc{ `mz|rsgcm| cmdba`mkrckòmda dml aojda ds|nor`|`cz rogl` crcm|josm|r`cz |o zc| sx jooxcrd|òm krosx`mkz{`|n d ackda xcrzomda`|p- Drcdz {ncrc `| jdmbc szcl `mjaslc jrozz'borlcr |rdmzxor| orncda|n zcru`jcz dml joggom z|sl`cz dmlxrofcj|z- Gcgbcrz o |nc CK\J jdm bcmd|òmda or rckòmda xsba`j bol`cz-

\ncrc drc |{o `mz|rsgcm|z or rckòmdalcucaoxgcm| `m jdml`ld|c! xo|cm|`dajdml`ld|c dml |n`rl josm|r`cz `m 288;'4:6

m \nc @mz|rsgcm| or Xrc'DjjczzòmDzz`z|'dmjc .@XD) `z bdzcl om xdr|mcrzn`xz{`|n|nc CS jdml`ld|c josm|r`cz ‚ |nc orgcrPskozadu Rcxsba`j o Gdjclom`d!Jrod|`d!dml \sricp ‚ dml xo|cm|`da jdml`ld|cjosm|r`cz ‚ Dabdm`d! Bozm`d dml Ncrvc'kou`md! Gom|cmckro! dml Zcrb`d `mjasl'`mk Iozouo- @| zsxxor|z dlg`m`z|rd|ùc!zoj`da dml cjomog`j rc orgz! dz {caa dzrckòmda dml jrozz'borlcr jooxcrd|òm-

CS daaojd|òm6 ₡44-<; bàaòmm \nc Csroxcdm Mc`knbosrnool dml

Xdr|mcrzn`x @mz|rsgcm| .CMX@) xrogo|cz jooxcrd|òm dml cjomog`j`m|ckrd|òm bc|{ccm |nc CS dml xdr|'mcr josm|r`cz ‚ Dakcr`d! Drgcm`d!Dvcrbd`fdm! Bcadrsz! Ckpx|! Kcork`d!@zrdca! Forldm! Acbdmom! A`bpd! Goaloud!Gorojjo! |nc Xdacz|`m`dm Ds|nor`|p! |ncRszz`dm Eclcrd|òm! Zpr`d! \sm`z`d! dmlSird`mc- @| zsxxor|z xdr|mcrzn`xz {n`jn

cmjosrdkc kool koucrmdmjc dml zoj`dadml cjomog`j lcucaoxgcm|- @mjaslcldrc 43 kcms`mc jrozz'borlcr jooxcrd'|òm .JBJ) xrokrdggcz {n`jn oxcrd|cdaomk CS c~|crmda borlcrz-CS daaojd|òm6 ₡44-4> bàaòm! o {n`jnCMX@'JBJ xrokrdggcz djjosm| or₡4-4> bàaòm

Z`mjc 2885! |nc Csroxcdm Jogg`zzòm ndzdazo cmkdkcl `m d z|rsj|srcl l`daoksc omrckòmda xoa`jp {`|n Jn`md! dml z`mjc 288;

{`|n Rszz`d-



25

Kcrgdmp

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡25-: bàaòmJomucrkcmjc6 ₡45-4 bàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡0-< bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡>34 gàaòm

Eojsz oe xrokrdggczEoz|cr mk `mmoud|òm9z|rcmk|ncm`mkjogxc|`|ùcmczz9 `gxrou`mkrckòmda d||rdj|ùcmczz9jrcd|`mk gorc dml bc||cr fobz

\drkc|z@mjrcdzc zxcml`mk omrczcdrjn dml mmoud|òm|o :# o KLX . rog 2-3#)Rd`zc |nc cgxaopgcm| rd|c|o ;8# . rog 53-<#)

Locz `| gdic d l` crcmjc?\srm`mk `mlsz|r`da ncr`|dkc `m|o dm dzzc| or |nc rckòm6 Uõaia`mkcr Nñ||c! Zddradml! Kcrgdmp

Djjorl`mk |o |nc ad|cz| cudasd|òmz!jonczòm xoa`jp z ndu`mk d b`k gxdj|!ncax`mk |o zxsr kro{|n dml jrcd|c fobz `m |nozc Gcgbcr Z|d|cz |nd| goz|mccl |ncg! dml xadp`mk dm `gxor|dm|roac `m `gxrou`mk z|dmldrlz o aù`mkdjrozz Csroxc-

Cdjn xrokrdggc smlcr |nc Z|rsj|srdaEsmlz `mjorxord|cz cudasd|òm dj|ù`|`cz

{ncrcbp Gcgbcr Z|d|cz! rckòmz dml |ncCsroxcdm Jogg`zzòm smlcr|dic rcksadrdzzczzgcm|z o jonczòm xoa`jp- Zsjjczz`z gcdzsrcl dkd`mz| `ml`jd|orz zsjn dzdll`|òmda kro{|n! fobz jrcd|cl dml xoa'as|òm rclsj|òmz-

\nc Csroxcdm Jogg`zzòm‐z 288; jonczòmrcxor| zno{z |nd| |nc xrokrdggcz nducncaxcl |o zn` | Gcgbcr Z|d|cz‐ xoa`j`cz|o{drlz kro{|n'cmndmj`mk `mucz|gcm|z!dml zsxxor| gsjn'mcclcl `mucz|gcm|

`m `m rdz|rsj|src! nsgdm rczosrjcz dml|nc golcrm`zd|òm dml lùcrz` jd|òm o rckòmda cjomog`cz- \ncp nduc jom|r`bs|cl|o rclsj`mk zoj`da c~jaszòm dml xoucr|pbp xrou`l`mk ziàaz or |nc imo{aclkccjomogp dml rc`m orj`mk adbosr gdric|xoa`j`cz- D| md|òmda acuca! Krccjc! Zxd`m!@rcadml dml Xor|skda ‚ |nc adrkcz| bcm'c j`dr`cz o jonczòm xoa`jp `m |nc pcdrzbc orc |nc rcjcm| CS cmadrkcgcm| ‚ nducdjn`cucl `gxrczzùc kro{|n xcr orgdmjcz

z`mjc 4003-

Krccjc rclsjcl |nc kdx {`|n |nc rcz| o CS'2;! gou`mk rog ;<# o ducrdkc KLXxcr ncdl `m 4003 |o rcdjn >># `m 2883- Lsr'`mk |nc zdgc |`gc rdgc! Zxd`m goucl

rog 04# |o 482#! dml @rcadml rcdjncl4<3# rog 482#-

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xcròl! zno{cl d z`km` jdm| `mjrcdzc m KLX



2;

Rogdm`d

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rog 3;-< |o 5<#

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\nc 2888'2885 xcròl ndz zccm dm c~|rd>38 ig o rdà{dp jomz|rsj|cl `m Zxd`m

or n`kn'zxccl |rd`mz- @m dll`|òm! gxrouc'gcm|z |o rodlz nduc acl |o zdu`mkz o zogc4-2 gàaòm nosrz ‚ bo|n drc z`km` jdm| jom'|r`bs|òmz |o zsz|d`mdbac |rdmzxor|- Oucr d

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Z`gàdr lcucaoxgcm|z jdm bc obzcrucl`m |nc jrcd|òm o fobz - Bc|{ccm 2888

dml 2883! rckòmda cgxaopgcm| rd|czjomucrkcl {`|n`m |nc CS dml smcgxaop'gcm| `m |nc CS'43 rckòmz |nd| drc adkk`mkbcn`ml caa rog 4:-<# |o 42-<#- Pc| `m

2883! cgxaopgcm| rd|cz `m |nczc rckòmz{crc z|àa zogc 44# ao{cr |ndm |nozc `m|nc rcz| o |nc Smòm-

Aooi`mk |o |nc 288;'4: xcròl ! z|sl'`cz cz|`gd|c |nd| jonczòm xoa`jp {àa dllzogc 5# |o KLX `m goz| o |nc mc{ Gcg'bcr Z|d|cz om |ox o bdzca`mc zjcmdròz- Eorc~dgxac! dm dll`|òmda 0# o KLX kro{|n`z xrcl`j|cl or A`|nsdm`d! |nc JvcjnRcxsba`j dml Zaoudi`d9 3-3 |o 5# or Bsa'kdr`d! Xoadml dml Rogdm`d9 :-3# orKrccjcdml drosml 4 |o 4-3# or Zxd`m! |nc orgcrCdz| Kcrgdm Aìmlcr dml |nc Gcvvokòrmo-Bp 2843! jonczòm `mucz|gcm| josal nducjrcd|cl sx |o |{o gàaòm dll`|òmda fobz-

\nc c cj| o |nc jonczòm xoa`j`cz c~|cmlzbcpoml kro{|n dml fobz - \ncp zd cksdrljogxa`dmjc {`|n o|ncr Joggsm`|p xoa`'j`cz ‚ {nc|ncr |ncp lcda {`|n z|d|c d`l!|nc cmu`romgcm|! |rdmzxor|! zsxxor| or`mmoud|òm or |nc `m orgd|òm zoj`c|p-Gorcoucr! |ncp ncax `gxrouc dml gol'crm`zc xsba`j dlg`m`z|rd|òmz! cmndmj`mk|rdmzxdrcmjp dml kool koucrmdmjc-



2>

Dsz|r`d

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Bdadmjcl rckòmdalcucaoxgcm| gxrou`mkdjjczz`bà`|p o |nc rckòmzdml xrogo|`mk cgxaopgcm|

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Zxcml`mk Z|rsj|srda dml JonczòmEsmlz dmmsdaap muoaucz dbos| ₡38 bà'aòm rog |nc CS bslkc|! xasz md|òmda!rckòmda dml xrùd|c jo'emdmj`mk- @mdaa! |ncrc drc gorc |ndm <88 md|òmdadml rckòmda xrokrdggcz gdmdkclbp Gcgbcr Z|d|cz! `mjasl`mk |cmz o |noszdmlz o xrofcj|z zcacj|cl cucrppcdr- No{ locz |nc Csroxcdm Jog'g`zzòm cmzsrc |nd| |d~xdpcrz‐ gomcp

`z gdmdkcl jorrcj|ap dml c j`cm|ap?

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\nrcc ds|nor`|`cz dml |nc`r smj|òmz nduc|o bc lc mcl or cdjn xrokrdggc6

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rcxor| zsggdr`z`mk `gxacgcm|d|òmo |nc cm|`rc xrokrdggc- \nczc drcjncjicl bp |nc Csroxcdm Jogg`zzòm-

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ox`mòm om |nc jogxa`dmjc o |nc gdm'dkcgcm| dml jom|roa zpz|cg- Zcjomlap!

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20

E`madml

Daaojd|cl esmlz 288;'4: \o|da6 ₡4-; bàaòmRckòmda Jogxc|`|ùcmczzdml Cgxaopgcm|6 ₡4-5 bàaòmCsroxcdm \crr`|or`daJooxcrd|òm6 ₡428 gàaòm

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\drkc|zJrcd|c mc{ cm|crxr`zcz dml fobz |o mjrcdzc cgxaopgcm|Lcucaox |nc rckòmdacjomogp

@mjrcdzc |nc xrolsj|ù`|p!jogxc|`|ùcmczz dml c~xor|zo cm|crxr`zczRd`zc |nc clsjd|òm acuca@mjrcdzc rczcdrjn dml`mmoud|òm |o <# o KLXbp 2848

Joggsm`|p zcru`jcz6 d |crmoom jcm|rc or xr`gdrp zjnooa jnàlrcm! Adz|cmiddr`! E`madml

\nc Csroxcdm Jogg`zzòm‐z dsl`| zcru'`jcz c~crj`zc zsxcru`zorp jom|roaz! gd`map|nroskn dsl`|`mk o |nc Gcgbcr Z|d|cz‐dml rckòmz‐ gdmdkcgcm| dml jom|roazpz|cgz! `mjasl`mk |rdmzdj|òm |cz|z d|bcmc j`drp acuca! dml jom|roa |nc eo{ o

smlz |o Gcgbcr Z|d|cz- \ncgd|`j dsl`|zdrc dazo jdrr`cl os| dml! {ncrc gdfor{cdimczzcz drc osml m |nc zpz|cgz! |ncJogg`zzòm dml Gcgbcr Z|d|cz dkrcc

dj|òm xadmz |o rcgclp |nczc-@ jorrcj|ùc gcdzsrcz drc mo| |dicmxrogx|ap bp d Gcgbcr Z|d|c! |nc Csro'xcdm Jogg`zzòm gdp `m|crrsx| or zsz'xcml xdpgcm|z dml gdp dxxap mdmj`dajorrcj|òmz |o rcjoucr xrcuòsz xdpgcm|zd cj|cl bp zpz|cg {cdimczzcz- E`mdmj`dajorrcj|òmz drc |ncm dxxa`cl d| d ed| rd|c|o daa |nc xdpgcm|z d| r`zi-

Eor |nc 288;'4: xcròl! |nc CsroxcdmJogg`zzòm ndz dlox|cl dm dj|òm xadm|o sr|ncr `m|ckrd|c |nc jom|roa dml dsl`|dj|ù`|`cz d| CS! md|òmda dml rckòmda acucaz- \n`z `mjaslcz `gxroucgcm|z `m |nc joorl`'md|òm o dsl`| {ori dml |nc c~jndmkc o dsl`| rczsa|z bc|{ccm |nc Gcgbcr Z|d|cz‐dsl`| ds|nor`|`cz dml |nc Jogg`zzòm! dz{caa dz l`zzcg`md|òm o ks`ldmjc dmlkool xrdj|`jc-

\nc Jogg`zzòm dazo dxxa`cz jorrcj|òmzor `mlù`lsda crrorz osml `m `|z o{m or

|nc Csroxcdm Josr| o Dsl`|orz‐ dsl`|z -Gcgbcr Z|d|cz drc kùcm dm oxxor|sm`|p|o rcbs| xroxozcl mdmj`da jorrcj|òmzdml |ncp jdm rcxadjc jorrcj|cl c~xcml`'|src bp o|ncr ca`k`bac c~xcml`|src |o duo`ld mc| rclsj|òm `m |nc sml`mk o |nc xro'krdggc jomjcrmcl-



:8

Krccjc

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Zdu`mk jsa|srda ncr`|dkc `m D|ncmz! Krccjc

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„\caa`mk |nc z|orp‐ o Z|rsj|srda dml Jonc'zòm Esmlz gcdmz `m xrdj|`jda |crgz|nd| xsba`jd|òmz! {cbz`|cz! ld|dbdzczom bcz| xrdj|`jcz dml o|ncr zosrjcz drcjoorl`md|cl bc|{ccm CS ds|nor`|`cz dmlGcgbcr Z|d|cz dml rckòmz `m orlcr |oksdrdm|cc |nc bcz| xozz`bac djjczz |orcacudm| `m orgd|òm- Md|òmda ds|nor`|`czdrc xr`gdràp rczxomz`bac or m org`mk |nc`rj`|`vcmz dbos| |nozc dj|ù`|`cz {n`jn drcjo' mdmjcl bp |nc CS-

\nc cgxndz`z om xroxcr `m orgd|òm dmljoggsm`jd|òm d| daa acucaz o |nc smlz{àa bc z|rcmk|ncmcl lsr`mk 288;'4:-Gcgbcr Z|d|cz dml rckòmz nduc dm oba`'kd|òm |o xrou`lc `m orgd|òm om |nc xro'krdggcz jo' mdmjcl bp |nc smlz dml |oxsba`zn daa mda bcmc j`dr`cz! xrofcj|z dml|nc dgosm|z krdm|cl-

CS rsacz z|d|c |nd|6

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jogxr`z`mk d z|rd|ckp! |nc lc m`|òmo |drkc| krosxz! xadmmcl `m orgd|òm

dml joggsm`jd|òm gcdzsrcz dml dm`ml`jd|ùc bslkc|- Ds|nor`|`cz gsz|mdgc |nc lcxdr|gcm|z rczxomz`bac or|nc xadm dml no{ | {àa bc dzzczzcl-

m G`m`gsg rcts`rcgcm|z drc lc mclor |nc gdmdk`mk ds|nor`|`cz dml cml

bcmc j`dr`cz `m orlcr |o br`c |nc kcm'

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m \ncrc znosal bc mc|{ori`mk bc|{ccmGcgbcr Z|d|cz dml rckòmz om `m or'gd|òm dml joggsm`jd|òm dj|òmz `m

orlcr |o djn`cuc bc||cr `m|ckrd|òm dml|o acdrm rog bcz| xrdj|`jcz-

@m orgd|òm dml joggsm`jd|òm drc dm`m|ckrda xdr| o jonczòm xoa`jp |nd| dlludasc |o |nc tsda`|p o xrokrdggcz dmlxrofcj|z om |nc krosml- \n`z `z xs| `m|oxrdj|`jc bp md|òmda dml rckòmda dlg`m'`z|rd|òmz! mda bcmc j`dr`cz dml bp |ncCsroxcdm Jogg`zzòm zcru`jcz- @| `z dazo`gxor|dm| |o cudasd|c dml oaao{ sx |nc`m orgd|òm dml joggsm`jd|òm z|rd|ck`cz

dml no{ |ncp rcad|c |o |nc oucrdaa obfcj'|ùcz o Oxcrd|òmda Xrokrdggcz-



:4

\nc Csroxcdm Jogg`zzòm zcru`jcz`m org |nc kcmcrda xsba`j dbos| no{|nc smlz oxcrd|c `m cdjn Gcgbcr Z|d|c|nroskn xsba`jd|òmz! |nc `m|crmc|! dslò'u`zsda gcl`d dml jom crcmjcz- Gdlc dudà'dbac `m daa o j`da CS admksdkcz! |nczcdj|ù`|`cz drc d`gcl d| `mjrcdz`mk d{drc'mczz o |nc gxdj| o |nc smlz dml cmzsr'`mk |nd| joncrcm| dml rcacudm| `m orgd|òm`z {`lcap dudàdbac-

\nc Jogg`zzòm dazo joorl`md|cz d mc|'{ori o joggsm`jd|òm o jcrz rog daa2; Gcgbcr Z|d|cz |o br`mk |okc|ncr |nozcrczxomz`bac or xrogo|`mk |nc CS Z|rsj'|srda dml Jonczòm Esmlz- \nc obfcj|ùc`z |o zndrc c~xcr`cmjcz dml bcz| xrdj|`jcz!`lcm|` p {dpz o `gxrou`mk |nc tsda`|p o joggsm`jd|òm dj|ù`|`cz dml a`mi sx {`|nc~`z|`mk md|òmda mc|{oriz-



:2

D| posr zcru`jcZnosal pos {`zn |o ml os| gorc dbos| no{ |nc Csroxcdm Smòm zsxxor|z |nc rckòmzdml dazo no{ gsjn sml`mk `z dudàdbac or {n`jn xrofcj|z `m posr rckòm! or ` pos drcaooi`mk or mc{z! xsba`jd|òmz! Xo{cr'Xo`m| xrczcm|d|òmz! xno|oz! or u`lcoz! xacdzc u`z`||nc {cbz`|c o |nc Csroxcdm Jogg`zzòm‐z Rckòmda Xoa`jp L`rcj|ord|c'Kcmcrda6

n||x6//cj-csroxd-cs/rckòmda_xoa`jp

@ pos nduc d tscz|òm or {osal aìc |o rcjcùc osr xsba`jd|òmz ! xacdzc zcml sz dm cgdà6

rckò'`m oHcj-csroxd-cs

E`mdaap! |nc Rckòmda Xoa`jp L`rcj|ord|c'Kcmcrda ndz dm`m orgd|òm dml u`z`|orz‐ jcm|rc

{n`jn z oxcm or `mlù`lsda or krosx u`z`|z bc|{ccm Gomldp dml Er`ldp .806:8 ' 426:8 dml4<688 ' 4;688 nrz)-

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