working group 6: technology for accelerators summary / collaboration opportunities j.a. clarke...

Working Group 6:Technology for Accelerators

Summary / Collaboration Opportunities

J.A. Clarke (STFC)C.M. Ginsburg (FNAL)P.A. McIntosh (STFC)

Proton Accelerators for Science and Innovation 2nd Annual Meeting

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK3-5.April 2013

Fermilab

PASI WG6 Summary 2

Working Group 6 Topics• RF System Control

– PXIE RF Control challenges B Chase (Webex)– Muon Acceleration Challenges at MICE K Ronald – RF control @Daresbury PCorlett

o Diagnostics and Instrumentation (Combined with WG4 – see their summaries)– Novel Diagnostics on PXIE Vic Scarpine – Overview of FETS Diagnostics Christoph Gabor – ISIS Diagnostics Development Programme Steve Payne

• RF System Developments (Combined with WG4 )– SRF developments at FNAL S Nagaitsev 1125-1150 – SRF developments at Daresbury A Wheelhouse – RFQ developments at RAL A Letchford

• Test Facilities (Combined with WG4 )– PXIE Test Facility S Holmes – FETS Overview A Letchford – Test Facilities at Daresbury P McIntosh

• Industrialisation – SRF Cavity/CM Development at FNAL C.M. Ginsburg– Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC) S Holmes– Cryomodule Design for Crab Cavities for LHC-HL S Pattalwar

Collaborative OpportunitiesApril 5, 2013

PASI WG6 Summary 3April 5, 2013

RF System Control

April 5, 2013 PASI WG6 Summary 4

Very good control demonstrated (no beam)April 5, 2013 PASI WG6 Summary 5

Challenging timing and synchronisation to generate complex bunch patterns



Collaboration with LBNL

Digital upgrade to LLRF has improved performance of buncher cavity


Builds on ALICE/VELA experience - same open architecture boards


K Ronald



RF System Developments

PASI WG6 Summary 13

FNAL SRF Programme – S Nagaitsev (FNAL)• Extensively utilising ILC SRF R&D from 2006-12• Project-X priority:

– 3 GeV CW linac followed by a 3-8 GeV pulsed linac, providing a very powerful intensity frontier accelerator complex

– Presents new challenges:– 6 different cavities optimized for changing proton velocities (β)– 4 different frequencies (162.5, 325, 650, 1300 MHz)– 5 of these cavities are completely new for Project X (vs 2 for SNS, 1 for

CBEAF)– Requires development of 7 different styles of cryomodules

April 5, 2013

PASI WG6 Summary 14

650 MHz CW Cavities and CMs are a design challenge

• Modification of cryomodule design developed for ILC• …but must accommodate large (250 W) heat loads at 2 K

• Lots of detailed engineering remains

Collab with India

Blade TunerEnd Tuner

April 5, 2013

CW mechanical cavity/tuner/He vessel design common issues

PASI WG6 Summary 15

1. Develop SRF fabrication capability with Shakespeare Engineering (UK):– 3 cavities fabricated:

• SN 01 processed and tested at Jlab– BCP processed – achieved 23 MV/m @ 1010

• SN 02 being processed and tested at Daresbury– BCP processed – problems being resolved with infrastructure

• SN 03 successfully qualified at FNAL during 2012:– EP processed – achieved 25 MV/m @ 1.5 x 1010

– Further (tumble) processing completed; another test expected today

SRF Development at Daresbury – A Wheelhouse (STFC)

April 5, 2013

Cavity vendor qualification and surface processing R&D common issues

PASI WG6 Summary 16

9-cell Fabrication Development• 3-year programme on-going• Cavity drawings complete• Tooling has been manufactured• Pressing trials being completed at

Shakespeare with Copper:– Assessing repeatability and

reproducibility Niobium half cells to be pressed soon• Further beampipe spinning trials

– Thicker sheets• SRF infrastructure development at

Daresbury:– Automated BCP process– Automated HPR

It is hoped that FNAL can continue to assist in qualifying Shakespeare with this structure.

9-cell cavity drawings

BCP facility

HPR standApril 5, 2013

Wheelhouse

Cavity vendor qualification common issues

PASI WG6 Summary 17

SRF Cryomodule Development

• Lead design of a new, high current and world leading CM.

• To educate and demonstrate effective: – Processing, – Handling, – Assembly,– Testing,– QA processes.

• To integrate the new CM onto ALICE• Commission CM + cryogenics systems• To validate CM performance with beam

Existing Cryomodule on ALICE

ERL (New) Cryomodule

ALICE

April 5, 2013

CW operation common issues

Wheelhouse

http://zms.desy.de/index_ger.html

http://www.triumf.ca/

http://www.triumf.ca/

PASI WG6 Summary 18

1300 MHz Development for ILC and PX• Accomplishments:

– Improved cavity gradients and yield– ANL/FNAL EP facility: world class

throughput & yield – 70 cavities ordered, many from U.S.,

43 VTS tested, 20 cavities dressed– CM1 assembled (DESY kit) and cold

test complete – Installing CM2, 1st high gradient U.S.

Cryomodule (ave 31.5 MV/M = goal)– Parts for 4 more 1.3 GHz

cryomodules purchased ( ARRA funds)

• Extensive 1300 MHz infrastructure operational

April 5, 2013

Nagaitsev

PASI WG6 Summary 19

SRF CM Integration @ DL

Parameter ALICE Target

Frequency (GHz) 1.3 1.3

Number of cavities 2 2

Number of Cells per Cavity 9 7

Cavity Length (m) 1.038 0.807

Cryomodule Length (m) 3.6 3.6

R/Q (Ω) 1036 762

Eacc (MV/m) 12 - 15 >20

CM Energy Gain (MeV) 27 >32

Qo <5 x109 >1x1010

Qext 4 x 106 4x106 - 108

Max Cavity Fwd Power (kW) 10 SW 20 SW

CW Coupler Testing

CM Assembly

Offline Cryogenic Testing

April 5, 2013

McIntosh

PASI WG6 Summary 20

Collaboration Opportunities at DL• Cryomodule installed and cooled to 2K• Optimisation presently being performed on the

cryogenic system

Evaluation Programme:• Establish gradient and Q0 • Measure Lorentz force detuning at high gradient • Performance measurements with piezo tuners • Determine DLLRF control limitations wrt Qext

• Evaluate the effect of beam loading with DLLRF, piezo control for various Qext levels under pulsed and CW conditions

• Characterise cavities in CW mode at high gradient:– Evaluate thermal transients across cavity string and

2-phase line• Synergies with PXIE operational requirements to

be evaluatedApril 5, 2013

McIntosh

PASI WG6 Summary 21

RFQ Development @ RAL – A Letchford (STFC)

• FETS RFQ to deliver a 3 MeV, 60 mA H- beam with an rms emittance of ~0.3 π mm mrad.

• Pulsed RFQ operating up to 2 ms pulses at 50 Hz PRF.• 324 MHz chosen to make use of the readily available

Toshiba pulsed klystron (J-PARC klystron).Goal of FETS is to demonstrate beam chopping:

– RFQ not required to be state of the art or necessarily push the boundaries of RFQ design.

• Goal was to produce a reliable design with the ability to be fixed in event of failure.

• ‘Integrated' design philosophy adopted:– single master RFQ CAD model used for all other simulation and

modelling to ensure absolute consistency.April 5, 2013

PASI WG6 Summary 22

FETS RFQ DevelopmentFETS RFQ output from multi particle simulation using measured LEBT input beam

‘Clover leaf' 4-vane geometry with circular outer segments for high shunt impedance.

Construction – Bolted not Brazed

Viton 3D sealApril 5, 2013

Letchford

PASI WG6 Summary 23

FETS RFQ StatusCompleted Engineering Design

Final machining is underway

April 5, 2013

Letchford

Possible opportunity to perform post-simulation analysis of the as-built performance


Test Facilities

Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE)Steve Holmes

Superconducting RFTechnology Map

b=0.11 b=0.22 b=0.51 b=0.61 b=0.9

325 MHz10-177 MeV

b=1.0

1.3 GHz3-8 GeV

650 MHz0.18-3 GeV

CW Pulsed

162.5 MHz0.03-11 MeV

LEBT RFQ MEBT

RT

PXIE


PXIE Scope

• CW H- source delivering 5 mA at 30 keV

• LEBT with beam pre-chopping

• CW RFQ operating at 162.5 MHz and delivering 5 mA at 2.1 MeV

• MEBT with integrated wide-band chopper and absorber– Capable of generating arbitrary bunch patterns at 162.5 MHz, and

disposing of 4 mA average beam current

• Low beta superconducting cryomodules: 1 mA to ~25 MeV– HWR and SSR1

• Beam dump capable of accommodating 2 mA at 25 MeV (50 kW) for extended periods.

• Associated beam diagnostics, utilities and shielding– Extinction measurement to 10-9 (goal)

Common interest in chopped beam absorbers, CW SRF


Data exist!

Common interest in chopped beam absorbers


ADVANCED ACCELERATOR TEST FACILITIES AT DARESBURY

LABORATORY

Peter McIntosh

ALICE

VELA EMMA


New Cryomodule in ALICE

Common interest in CW SRF cryomodule design and operation

McIntosh


VELA Transverse Deflecting Cavity Beam Diagnostic

3-cell TDC prototype (RI GmbH)Common interest in (room temperature) deflecting cavity development with PrX

McIntosh



Industrializ(s)ation

PASI WG6 Summary 32

FNAL SRF Cavity/CM Industrialization ILC has provided a great opportunity for US SRF industrial development

Cavity fabrication and processing vendor development Cavity/cryomodule value engineering exercises ongoing for future projects Existing industrialization workshops (ILC) provide a resource for understanding

cost reduction targets: niobium material, cavity fabrication, industry regional differences, CM fabricationPAC10 Kyoto satellite meeting

http://ilcagenda.linearcollider.org/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=4530SRF2011 Chicago satellite meeting

http://ilcagenda.linearcollider.org/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=5182

TE1PAV001

April 5, 2013

Ginsburg

A partnership between Department of Energy and the State of Illinois

To enable Fermilab to work more closely with industry and university partners on Accelerator Technology Development and Accelerator Education

• To develop new accelerator technology based products and high tech industries in the U.S. ( especially Illinois)

• New IARC building and re-use of CDF assembly building and infrastructure

• More than a dozen industries have expressed interest, the deep pit area is particularly interesting to them

IARC: What is it?

33

Holmes

April 5, 2013 PASI WG6 Summary

34

Illinois Accelerator Research Center

CDF

Heavy Assembly bldg

State funded Office

Technical Engineering bldg• 48,000 gross square footage• 23,000 SF of Office Space (145 offices); 3,700 SF Light Tech Space• 3,900 SF New Lecture Hall (175 seats); 900 SF Meeting Rooms• New 250 car parking lot

March 26, 2013

Holmes

PASI WG6 SummaryApril 5, 2013

• Steady Progress on the IARC physical plant. 1st availability in FY15 for projects

• Anticipate OHEP Accelerator Stewardship funds in FY15 to hire staff and fund the initial program (funding announcement)

• Working on business model, DOE user facility designation

• Important that we define the rules for Industry/users!

• Even without a “formal” IARC program announcement there is lots of interest from Industry

• Unique opportunity for Industry, Universities, Entrepreneurs

IARC - Conclusions

See Web site IARC.fnal.gov

Holmes

Many common features with UK lab-business partnerships


http://iarc.fnal.gov/index.html

LHC High Lumi Upgrade Crab Cavities• Crabbing foreseen as part of

the high luminosity upgrade• Three cavity designs now being

validated by int’l partners• Design validation with SPS• Cryomodule design in progress

PASI WG6 Summary 36

Pattalwar


PASI WG6 Summary 37

LHC/SPS CC boundary conditions• Cavity

• Operating temperature, magnetic shielding, helium vessel, coupler interfaces (remove LOM, HOM), tuner mechanism, dynamic heat load…

• LHC: two beam pipes, heat load due to beams, helium vessel geometry

• SPS Layout: cramped space, third beam pipe, RF coupler orientation, integration

• Cryogenic services• Cooling capacity at various temperatures,

cooling processes, ports and interfaces, operating modes, …

Regulation and directives Mechanical design, pressure relief, volumes,

pipe sizes, methods of QC

• Other• Lessons learned, schedule, cost, market

April 5, 2013

1000mm

413mm

420mm

194 mm

RF input coupler

SPS by-pass line

Pattalwar

Triple tube cavity support system

US/UK collaboration opportunity


Collaboration Opportunities

PASI WG6 Summary 39

Collaboration Opportunities (1/3)MICE (K. Ronald)• Key areas of collaboration currently ongoing, also heavily involving LBNL

– FNAL testing of the first cavity and coupling coils• FNAL assembly of LBNL cavities in single cavity test module• Testing achievable gradient in no magnetic field, fringe field and flat field

configurations• FNAL will test the RFCC coupling coils

– Transfer of experience to RAL for MICE experiment– DL developing power amplifier and control systems- interface to cavity systems

developed in US– RF distribution network designed in UK, procured in US – RAL will assemble hardware and expertise, perform the MICE experiment– MICE experiment will feed back into US interest in Muon Accelerators

• Opportunities for further collaboration– Determination of muon phase and gradient history

• Strathclyde, Imperial, Sheffield and DL currently looking at this problemApril 5, 2013

PASI WG6 Summary 40

Collaboration Opportunities (2/3)

• RFQ’s– Both the FETS and PXIE RFQ developments are well advanced, not much

opportunity to collaborate on design issues.– However there’s an opportunity to perform post-simulation analysis of the

performance achieved for both RFQ designs• Complete multi-physics (EM/thermal/particle-tracking) verification would be

extremely beneficial to both FETS and PXIE.

• Digital LLRF Collaborative Opportunities– Major developments at FNAL & STFC in DLLRF for new programmes– Ongoing collaboration LBNL/STFC– Use of open source architectures has big benefits– Excellent opportunity for collaboration in RF control, optimisation of feedback

and feed forward algorithms, timing and synchronisation, etc of relevance to PXIE, PX, ALICE, VELA, MICE, FETS & ISIS Linac

Post doc in this area would be very beneficial

April 5, 2013

PASI WG6 Summary 41

Collaboration Opportunities (3/3)• Beam chopping

– FETS and PXIE both need similar power level chopped beam absorbers – could work on common design

• CW SRF– Daresbury cryomodule now installed at ALICE and ready for beam

characterisation – FNAL keen to take part, especially CW • LHC-HL upgrade crab cavities

– Regulation and directives associated with cryogenic operation associated with mechanical design, pressure relief, volumes, pipe sizes, methods of QC

• Industrialization– Cavity vendor qualification ongoing Daresbury-FNAL with future 9-cell

opportunities– Business managers could talk to each other

April 5, 2013