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Converged In-Building Networks using POF – Economics and Advanced Techniques

Ton (A.M.J.) Koonen, Henrie van den Boom, Hejie Yang, Chigo Okonkwo, Solomon Abraha, Eduward Tangdiongga

COBRA Institute, Eindhoven Univ. of Technology, The NetherlandsEduardo Ortego Martinez

Telefonica I+D, SpainJosef Faller

Homefibre, Austria

e-mail: a.m.j.koonen@tue.nl ; j.faller@homefibre.at

Workshop “From FTTH to FITH – Complementary and Convergent In-Building Networks”in conjunction with FTTH Conference, Milano, Feb. 8, 2011

COBRA

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The ALPHA project

ALPHA – Architectures for fLexible Photonic Home and Access networks FP7 Integrated Project, part of the ICT programme Jan. 1, 2008, to March 31, 2011 Key focus: PHY (optical fibre) (+ MAC + IP) Budget: 16.5 M€ (ca 60 persons full- and part-time) 17 partners from 10 European countries: Industry

Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs (F)Andrew Wireless (I)3S Photonics (F)HomeFibre (A)Telsey (I)Luceat (I)

OperatorsFrance Telecom R&D (F)Telefonica I+D (E)Telekom Polska (PL)

Research InstitutesAcreo (S)IBBT (B)

UniversitiesBangor Univ. (UK)Bologna Univ. (I)DTU (DK)Eindhoven Univ. of Technology (NL)Torino, Politecnico di – (I)Valencia, Univ. Politecnica de – (E)

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Outline

Integration of services in in-building networks In-building network architectures Modelling of network costs Comparing the costs of network solutions Evolution of network costs Advanced techniques for wired and wireless service delivery Conclusions and roadmap

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Today’s in-home networks

A variety of networks: Twisted pair copper lines:

Telephone, fax, … Coaxial copper lines:

CATV, videorec, radio, … Cat-5 cables:

PC-s, routers, hubs, printers, servers, …

Wireless LAN:Laptops, PDAs, …

Infrared:remote control TV/videorec/radio/…

PC

(HD)TV

mobilelaptop

Tel.

faxprint PDA

mp3 download

TP

Cat-5coax

Mobile network(GSM, UMTS, …)

CATV

WiFirouter

Tel.Coax Cable networkTwisted Pair network

Satellite dish/FWA dish

Optical Fibre networkONU

Complicates maintenance, upgrading, running of services on multiple platforms, interaction of services, …

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Converged in-home network: with fibre

Converged in-homebackbone network,integrating wired &wireless services reduces installation and

maintenance efforts eases introduction and

upgrading of services integration e.g. by WDM

RG

PCHDTVmobile

laptop

VoIP

faxprint PDA

mp3 download

Satellite dish/FWA dish

optical fibre

optical fibre

webcam

converged in-home network on POF

coax

POF

SMF

Optical Fibre network

Mobile network(GSM, UMTS, …)

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Wired network architecture options

also hybrid architectures cabling

- copper: CAT-5E, coax, power lines - fibre: large-core SI-POF/GI-POF, silica GI-MMF, silica SMF

max. reach fast Ethernet: POF typ. 70m, Cat-5E 100m, MMF 550m→ increase coverage by centralising the HCC: e.g., star-tree

opaque (with OEO conversions), or all-optical (with power splitting and/or λ-routing) the architectures may be compared re installation costs, operation costs, and

functionality

1 2 N

1 2 N

1 2 Naccessnetw.

1

2

M

HCC

1 2 N1 2 N

1 2 N

1 2 Naccessnetw.

1

2

M

HCC

1 2 N

1 2 N

1 2 NHCCaccess

netw.

1

2

M1 2 N1 2 N

1 2 N1 2 N

1 2 NHCCaccess

netw.

1

2

M1 2 N

HCC

1 2 N

1 2 Naccessnetw.

1

2

M1 2 N1 2 N

HCC

1 2 N1 2 N

1 2 N1 2 Naccessnetw.

1

2

M

P2P bus treeHCC=home communication controller, gateway

1 2 3

31

2

3 N

N

1 2 3M N

1 2

1 2

HCC

3 N

accessnetw.

star – tree

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Cost modelling of architectures

Bus

1 2 N

1 2 N

1 2 NHCCaccessnetw.

1

2

M

H

L

Cable length)1(

21+⋅⋅+⋅⋅=+⋅⋅= ∑

=

MMHLNMHmLNMFM

m

Duct costs)1()( pLNMMpHMD ⋅⋅⋅+⋅⋅=

Number of OEO hubsNMT ⋅=

Number of connectorsNMNMNMMC ⋅⋅=⋅+−⋅⋅+⋅= 3)1(22

Number of media convertersNMNMMMC ⋅⋅=−⋅⋅+⋅= 2)1(22

p(M) = duct costs per unit length for duct containing M cables

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

No. of cables

Du

ct c

ost

s (E

uro

/m)

CAT-5E POF MMF CAT-5Eapprox.

MMFapprox.

POFapprox.

costs of buried ducts

Cable diameters:• CAT-5E 5 mm• MMF/SMF 2.5 mm • POF 2 mm

Cat-5E

MMF

POF

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Cost items used in the analysis

Cat-5E POF SMF MMF Installed cable costs 1.8 €/m 1.7 €/m 1.74 €/m 1.95 €/m

Max. link length 100 m 70 m 1000 m 550 m

Mounted connector costs 13 € 3 € 15 € * 14 € *

Media converter costs; power consumption (negligible); 0.65 W 30 €; 0,85 W 70 €; 1.15 W 40 €; 1.15 W

Hub/tap costs; power consumption 20 €; 0.2 W 20 €; 0.2 W 20€; 0.2 W 20€; 0.2 W

Switch costs, power consumption 10 €/port; 0.3 W/port

10€/port; 0.3 W/port

10 €/port; 0.3 W/port

10 €/port; 0.3 W/port

* these prices vary considerably for the various connector types and their mounting methods; we assumed SC connectors, and about 10 minutes in-field mounting time per connector (labour costs about 10€)

1 mm

Duplex POF Cat-5E

(based on market price surveys)

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Building scenarios

Home Office MDU

M N H (m) L (m)3 4 3.3 8

M N H (m) L (m)10 50 3.8 10

M N H (m) L (m)10 16 4 14

1 2 N 1

2

M 1 2 N

HCC

1 2 N

1 2 N access netw .

1

2

M 1 2 N 1 2 N

HCC

1 2 N 1 2 N

1 2 N .

H

L

P2P

1 2 N

1 2 N

1 2 N HCC access netw .

1

2

M

H

1 2 N 1 2 N

1 2 N 1 2 N

1 2 N HCC .

1

2

M

H

L

Bus

1 2 N

HCC

1 2 N

1 2 N access netw .

1

2

M

H

L

1 2 N 1 2 N

HCC

1 2 N 1 2 N

1 2 N .

H

L

Tree

Star-TreeStar-P2P

1 2 3

3 1

2

3

H

L

N

N

1 2 3 M N

1 2

1 2

HCC

3 N

access netw .

1 2 3

3 1

2

3

H

L

N

N

1 2 3 M N

1 2

1 2

HCC

3 N

access netw .

1 2 3

3 1

2

3

H

L

N

N

1 2 3 M N

1 2

1 2

HCC

3 N

access netw .

1 2 3

3 1

2

3

H

L

N

N

1 2 3 M N

1 2

1 2

HCC

3 N

access netw

3 1

2

3

L

N

3 M

N

1 2

3 N

access netw .

3 N

1 2

1 2

1 2

HCC

3 1

2

3

H

L

N

3 M

N

1 2

3 N

access netw .

3 N

1 2

1 2

1 2

HCC

Star-Bus

Basic topologies

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Residential home, M=3 floors

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

No. of rooms/floor

Av.

inst

all.

cost

s/ro

om (E

uro)

Bus CAT-5ETreeP2PBus duplex POFTreeP2PBus SMFTreeP2PBus MMFTreeP2Pstar-P2P duplex POFstar-bus duplex POFstar-tree duplex POFstar-P2P CAT-5Estar-bus CAT-5Estar-tree CAT-5E

CAPEX

buried ducts CAPEX and OPEX per room CAPEX: - is a bit lower with on-the-wall ducts

- for small buildings, P2P topology attractive- for large buildings, cable-lean P2MP bus or star-bus topologies

0

1

2

3

4

5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

No. of rooms/floor

Pow

er c

onsu

mpt

ion/

room

(W)

OPEX

OPEX: - lowest with P2P and star-P2P- for large buildings, tree and star-tree more efficient than bus and star-bus

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Residential home, 3 floors, 4 rooms/floor- duct sharing with AC power lines

Duplex POF competitive with CAT-5E (when duct sharing)

No duct sharing Duct sharing

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

CAT-5E CAT-5Estar

duplexPOF

duplexPOFstar

SMF MMF

Av. i

nsta

ll. c

osts

/room

(Eur

o)

duct cable devices conn. mediac.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

CAT-5E CAT-5Estar

duplexPOF

duplexPOFstar

SMF MMF

Av. i

nsta

ll. c

osts

/room

(Eur

o)

duct cable devices conn. mediac.

bus topology buried ducts

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Office building, 10 floors, 50 rooms/floor

Bus

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

CAT-5E CAT-5Estar

simplexPOF

duplexPOF

duplexPOFstar

SMF MMF

Av. i

nsta

ll. c

osts

/room

(Eur

o)

duct cable devices conn. mediac.

Tree

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

CAT-5E CAT-5Estar

simplexPOF

duplexPOF

duplexPOFstar

SMF MMF

Av. i

nsta

ll. c

osts

/room

(Eur

o)

duct cable devices conn. mediac.

P2P

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

CAT-5E CAT-5Estar

simplexPOF

duplexPOF

duplexPOFstar

SMF MMF

Av. i

nsta

ll. c

osts

/room

(Eur

o)

duct cable devices conn. mediac.

On-the-wall ducts

Bus

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

CAT-5E CAT-5Estar

simplexPOF

duplexPOF

duplexPOFstar

SMF MMF

Av. i

nsta

ll. c

osts

/room

(Eur

o)

duct cable devices conn. mediac.

Tree

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

CAT-5E CAT-5Estar

simplexPOF

duplexPOF

duplexPOFstar

SMF MMF

Av. i

nsta

ll. c

osts

/room

(Eur

o)

duct cable devices conn. mediac.

P2P

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

CAT-5E CAT-5Estar

simplexPOF

duplexPOF

duplexPOFstar

SMF MMF

Av. i

nsta

ll. c

osts

/room

(Eur

o)

duct cable devices conn. mediac.

Buried ducts

Bus topology attractive for large buildings (most cable-lean)

bus tree P2P

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POF Home network installation (by Homefibre)

Cat 55 Connectionspre-installed

POF10 Connections

pre-installed

POF – ALL IP40 Connections

pre-installed

Investition für die Netzwerk Vorverkabelung einer Wohnung/eines Hauses

630,00 €

111,00 €

372,00 €

0,00 €

100,00 €

200,00 €

300,00 €

400,00 €

500,00 €

600,00 €

700,00 €

S-01 Cat5 x 5 imeigenen Rohr

S-02 POF x 5 mitElektroinstallation

S-03 POF x 20 mitElektroinst.

Eur

o

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POF Home network installation (by Homefibre)

= POF Wall Outlet with integrated Switch

= Wall Outlet – prepared with POF Cable

= Distribution Cabinet and POF Switch

= POF – SI Cable (e.g. RH 4002) inCombination with electrical wiring installation

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Techno-economics - evolution

Today’s analysis: used today’s market prices for the various network infrastructure elements

Extrapolation into the future:

- labour costs: will increase due to inflation; NPV* may stay constant (unless productivity gets higher by better tools)

- product unit costs: will decrease due to growing market volumes, which will more than outweigh the increase due to inflation; NPV will decrease(but may increase for copper, due to scarcity)

- energy consumption: costs will increase due to inflation, due to rising prices of primary energy sources (oil, gas, coal), and rising (CO2-related) taxes; NPV will increase

Impact on CAPEX and OPEX of the various topologies is to be studied

Network costs over its lifetime are minimized by optimizing CAPEX and OPEX jointly

* NPV = net present value

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Techno-economics - evolution

CAPEX of cable-rich topologies (tree, P2P) will come down w.r.t. the cable-lean bus topology

OPEX is minimum for passively-split (optically transparent) network

OPEX of opaque networks will rise; is found to be lowest for P2P, followed by tree

When optimizing CAPEX + lifetime-accumulated OPEX, and taking into account economic lifetime, for opaque networks the tree topology (or P2P for smaller buildings) may become equally attractive as (/more attractive than) the bus.

* NPV = net present value

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Trendline example: P2P network with POF, residential home, M=3 floors, N=4 rooms/floor, duct sharing

Input data: in year 0: per room material costs 70€, labour 40€, power consumption 1.7W,

energy price 0.1 €/kWh inflation 2% p.y. ; product unit costs -5% p.y., economic lifetime 25 years power consumption is a decision factor of increasing importance

Costs of POF network per room over its lifetime, when installed in year x :

Network costs per room

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

year x

tota

l cos

ts (E

uro)

energy

labour

material

NPV network costs per room

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

year x

tota

l cos

ts (N

PV; i

n Eu

ro)

energy

labour

material

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Roadmap for in-building networks

separate networks

Twisted Pair, coax,

Cat-5E PLC,

WLAN,…

integrated network

Home: P2P,

POF, IPLarge building:

P2P, MMF, SMF

integrated network

P2MP, opaque,

IP-based, POF/MMF/SMF;

+ RoF (bypassing opaque nodes)

integrated network

P2MP,all-optical,

transparent, SMF, fixed

integrated network

P2MP, all-optical,

transparent, SMF,

dyn. routed

now medium term long term

+1 year +5 +100

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Concluding remarks

After fiber has brought high capacity to the home, in-home fiber networks are needed to deliver it to the user.

A single in-home fiber network can be the universal backbone for delivery of wired and wireless services.

Large-core Polymer Optical Fiber is already cost-competitive with Cat-5E and other cabling solutions, in particular when deploying duct sharing.

Advanced modulation techniques allow high data rates over POF: DMT for multi-Gbit/s wired services, and UWB radio-over-POF for wireless services.

Next, flexible optical routing can provide reconfigurable inter-room communication, capacity-on-demand, and energy savings.The partial funding of this work by the EC in the FP7 projects ALPHA, POF-PLUS and BONE is gratefully acknowledged.

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Concluding remarks

Thank you

on behalf of the

ALPHA project team