workshop on energy and grid connection basics, salford 26.06.13

INNOVATIVE THINKING FOR THE REAL WORLD

Fully Funded Workshop on

Energy and Grid Connection Basics

Electricity Northwest, Salford, 26th June 2013 Welcome and Introduction Ross Fielding, Supply Chain Development Officer The Wind-Tech Project


Programme 9.00 Introduction Ross Fielding, Wind-Tech Project, UCLan 9.15 General Introduction to Grid Connection 9.30 Part 1: Understanding Energy and Power 10.45 Morning Refreshments 11.00 Part 2: The Electricity Supply System Geoff Owen, Grid Connections 12.30 Lunch 1.30 Part 3: Grid Connection from the perspective of the DNO Mike Taylor, Electricity Northwest 1.45 Part 4: How the Grid works, connection tour and site survey tips 3.00 Afternoon refreshments 3.15 Part 5: Connection Requirements and Applications Geoff Owen, Grid Connections 4.30 Question and Answer session Geoff Owen, Ross Fielding 5.00 Close


The Wind-Tech project • Part funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

to support businesses interested in investing in a small wind turbine, or supplying into the small wind turbine industry;

• Free to Northwest SMEs; • Delivery team:

• Dr. George Hall, Project Manager • Ross Fielding, Supply Chain Development Officer • Dr. Matt Stables, Project Engineer • David Ainsworth, Project Officer • Alex Mayes, Research Assistant • Dr. Chris Hill, Research Associate • Academic staff from the School of Computing, Engineering

and Physical Science.

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Demand assistance Led by Dr. Matt Stables • Feasibility studies, wind & site assessment; • Turbine selection; • Planning; • Radar issues; • Installation; • Performance

Wind-Tech: Support available

Supply Chain Development Led by Ross Fielding • Design; • Manufacturing; • Market analysis; • Project dynamometer;

turbine performance.

4


Today’s workshop • Recognised that a barrier to small wind turbine installation (and

other renewables) is knowledge about grid connection and cost; • Today will serve as an introduction to energy and grid connection

basics; • To be followed by a further FREE workshop covering Engineering

recommendations in more detail; • Follow-on 1-to-1 support also available for specific projects,

including grid connection feasibility and cost studies; • Support is FREE, but our funders require paperwork to be

completed to enable this; registration form (today), confirmation of assistance, and recording any benefits of the assistance.

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Today’s workshop Please note: The information provided today is done so in an advisory capacity only. The supplier shall not incur any liability for any action or omission arising out of any reliance being placed on this information by any organisation or other person. Any organisation or person in receipt of this information should take their own legal, financial and other relevant professional advice when considering what action (if any) to take in respect of any grid connection, renewable strategy, initiative, proposal, or other involvement with any renewable technology, before placing any reliance on anything contained herein.

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Fully Funded Workshop on

Energy and Grid Connection Basics

Geoff Owen, Grid Connections

7

INNOVATIVE THINKING FOR THE REAL WORLD INNOVATIVE THINKING FOR THE REAL WORLD

Workshop Contents

Part 1: Understanding energy and power

Part 2: The Electricity supply system

Part 3: Grid Connection from the perspective of the DNO

Part 4: Overview of how the grid works, connection tour and site survey tips

Part 5: Connection requirements and applications

Questions and answers

8


Workshop Objectives

• Improve your technical knowledge of electrical energy and electrical supplies

• Appreciation of the electrical grid network works

• Better understanding of terminology

• To fill knowledge gaps

9


My aim for today • Not to make you technical experts

• To present new or old ideas in an interesting enjoyable way

• An interactive session with demonstrations – seeing helps to reinforce understanding

• Develop the ability to explain and communicate in my work environment

• Give you confidence and encouragement

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Part 1 Understanding

Energy and power

• Looking at the basics

• Demonstration

• Application

11


Electricity

Fuel of the future

Security of supply

Dependency & complacency

Cost

Danger

Blackouts

What does the future look like

12


The increasing focus on energy and usage drivers for change and economic efficiency

Strategic drivers

• Energy and carbon reduction policy and legislation

• Energy security

• Energy cost

Feed-in-Tariffs

• The largest financial incentive scheme

• Aimed at encouraging the development of renewable energy

• Guaranteed return for a 20-25 year period

RHI and the Green Deal 13


Rising energy costs increasing energy awareness

• 9 million in fuel poverty by 2016

14


What is energy ?

Electricity fuel of the future

Essential to modern day life

15


Electrical Energy Explained Overview of terminology

• Basic power terminology

• Voltage

• Current

• Resistance

• Power measurement: watts, kilowatts, mega watts (but also KVA or MVA)

16


The danger of electricity ?

• Pressure – measured in volts

• Electrical contact with AC can stop your heart

• Electrical fatalities every year in industry and the home environment

• Electrical pressure – we use the term it is LIVE

• No pressure we use the term is – Dead

17


Electricity - The Flow of Electrons • Electricity is essentially the flow of electrons through

a conductor.

• In metals, electrons are able to pass along a metal conductor if a force is applied to make them move.

• In glass or insulators, the electrons are fixed and unable to move.

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To move electricity requires conductors and insulators

Transmission Conductors Very low resistance

Transmission Insulators Very high resistance

Transmission of electricity 19


Similar to Water?

Voltage can be likened to water pressure (the higher the pressure, the faster the water flows through the pipe - the higher the voltage, the greater the flow of electricity through a conductor).

Current can be likened to the rate at which the water flows through the pipe.

Resistance can be likened to the friction that the water experiences as it flows through the pipe.

Power is the rate at which energy is supplied - think of water striking a wheel. You could get the same effect from a small flow (current) at high pressure (voltage) or from a large flow at low pressure.

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Water Pipe Analogy Electrical pressure greatest

at the sending end (the substation)

Flow of water through a pipe

Water pressure greater at the sending end

Reduced water pressure due to, customers load , bends and distance

Water main

Customer supply

Reduced electrical pressure Reminder - what is electrical pressure Voltage

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Demonstration

• Looking at the basic concepts , voltage, current and power for two different appliances

• Heater 1200 watts (1.2 kW)

• Simple power calculation

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Watt is power Easy mathematical relationship

Power

Voltage Amps

divide

multiply

Power is measure in watts

WATT- The power unit, defined as one joule per second , measures the rate of energy conversion or transfer.

James Watt 1736-1819

Thanks to

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James Watt • Calculated the comparison between a steam

train and a working horse 1 Hp = 746 watts

Capacity of a car engine often rated in HP

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Ohm’s Law Certain materials such as metals, have a linearly proportional

relationship between voltage, current and resistance.

These materials are described as Ohmic, and the relationship can be described by Ohm’s Law:

V = I x R

Georg Simon Ohm 1826

Thanks to

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Getting the Measure of Electricity • The main parameters used in measuring electricity are as follows:

Voltage (V) SI Unit: Volt, V The pressure

Current (I) SI Unit: Amp, A The moving energy

Resistance (R) SI Unit: Ohm, Opposition

Power (P) SI Unit Watt, W Work done

• Voltage is the potential difference between two points in a circuit

• Current is the rate of flow of electrons through a conductor

• Resistance is the tendency of a material to resist the passage of an electric current and to convert electrical energy into heat

• Power is the rate at which energy is expended or work is done

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Review

• We have looked at the essential basics of energy and power

• We have built a foundation reference in the demonstration

• Practical application of results

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Questions? How big is this valley?

How big is- my electrical supply- a Substation- 16 amps?

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How big is 16 amps ?

What happens to the electricity that I generate ?

• kettle 9 amps

• Toaster 8 amps

• Iron 4 amps

• Hoover 5 amps

• 8 kW shower 34 amps

• The generated electricity that is used in your property reduces the intake from the grid. Any surplus is exported to the grid and your electricity supplier will pay you for it.

16 amps 6 amps to grid

House demand

10 amps

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http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.altdotenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/smart_electric_grid_pylons.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.altdotenergy.com/2009/02/worlds-first-smart-grid-city-will-be-boulder-colorado/&usg=__5vzYf-Ov9xiuBell-0pmhBSlUcU=&h=500&w=375&sz=116&hl=en&start=2&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=dSeAw6nPevwn1M:&tbnh=130&tbnw=98&prev=/images?q=Grid+electric&um=1&hl=en&sa=G&tbs=isch:1


MCS approved F.I.T Schematic update

Generator

G83 control equipment

GENERATION

F.I.T METER

DNO INCOMING

SUPPLY &

ENERGY METER

Customer installation

( power consumption)

10 kW PV panels

10 kW Wind

10 kW Hydro

F.I.T Payment

Per kWh

13.5 p

21.65 p

21.65 p

Energy supplier

Charge 12 p/ kWh

Power flow

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http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ELECTRCI+METER&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=fbg6xwKNgQ3F_M&tbnid=Uh4yRHLEPdcuSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.which.co.uk/switch/energy-advice/how-to-read-your-electricity-meter&ei=JrurUeTSO-mZ0AX8woCoDQ&bvm=bv.47244034,d.ZWU&psig=AFQjCNHsIFrlhKMnWZDWehNe1QqjohkdPQ&ust=1370295455275330

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ELECTRCI+METER&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=fbg6xwKNgQ3F_M&tbnid=Uh4yRHLEPdcuSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.which.co.uk/switch/energy-advice/how-to-read-your-electricity-meter&ei=JrurUeTSO-mZ0AX8woCoDQ&bvm=bv.47244034,d.ZWU&psig=AFQjCNHsIFrlhKMnWZDWehNe1QqjohkdPQ&ust=1370295455275330

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=pv+panels&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=JhLwv-Ic9ybClM&tbnid=oIaoRyp9APEjTM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.energywatersaver.co.uk/environmental-considerations-the-productions-of-pv-panels/&ei=1ryrUfyRO4aG0AX76oDQDQ&bvm=bv.47244034,d.ZWU&psig=AFQjCNHuOjnhbW7DfoMPlHfllPT9_8GE1g&ust=1370295877252357

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=small+wind+turbine&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=7yqV2aBsbSK2vM&tbnid=Ixf_1M8snXiPlM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.fortiswindenergy.com/recently-installed/fortis-montana-small-wind-turbine-france&ei=ur2rUYnpG-nR0QWqp4DQDQ&bvm=bv.47244034,d.ZWU&psig=AFQjCNETnkues-huQB5RjwlLavpfknkbUQ&ust=1370296030646151

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=small+Hydro+turbine&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=6aYkT7b-yCSyMM&tbnid=bpT6abdPWxN5oM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.tjskl.org.cn/images/czac460e-pz1a3da2e-5kw_wind_turbine_generator.html&ei=jr-rUcHFKouR0QWvvIH4DA&bvm=bv.47244034,d.ZWU&psig=AFQjCNH1THlp4hJMDcDncoF0afwX1AaCpg&ust=1370296373347937


Practical Application of Results This is the G83 generator connection document Published by the Electrical Network Association It is the engineering recommendation for small generation that all MCS installers must comply with G83 generation is limited to 16 amps at 230/400 declared voltage Our demonstration ( rule of thumb ) 1 kW = approximately 4 amps

GOLDEN RULE 16 AMPS

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Break time

32


After Break Thought

You are

Important

33


Part 2 The Electricity Supply System

• Simply terminology

• Single phase and three phase supply

• Simple calculations

• kW / MW /kVA/ kVAr / power factor

34


Power Engineering Terminology AC Voltage:

Statutory voltage 230/400 volts

LV low voltage: 240 volts ( your house )

LV low voltage: 240/415 volts

HV high voltage supplies: 6,600 volts 6.6KV

11,000 volts 11 KV

EHV Extra high voltages

Just for reference DC Voltage: Battery volts: 1.5 volts

Car battery voltage: 12 volts

35


Power Engineering Terminology

Power measurement :

• Power is the rate of consuming or generating energy

• Measured in kW (kilowatts)

• 1000 watts = 1 kW or (1 KVA) remember our demonstration

• 1,000 kW = 1 MW (megawatt) or (1 MVA)

36


Power Engineering Terminology

Energy consumption:

• Energy is measured over a period of time and usually given in kWh (kilowatt-hours)

• 1 “unit” of electricity is 1 kWh

• We pay approx 10-12p per unit

• 1,000 kWh = 1 MWh (megawatt-hour)

37


Direct / Alternating Current

Direct current (DC) systems have a steady voltage/current over time.

Alternating current (AC) systems have a sinusoidal voltage/current profile over time.

The electricity network in the UK generates and supplies power using AC

This is because its voltage can be easily changed up or down using transformers.

Appliances, such as televisions and DVD players, convert the AC supply into a reduced voltage DC supply which is used by electronic circuits.

38


Practical Demonstration

• Seeing the transformer in action

• No moving parts

• Changes the voltage

• Can be designed to increase or reduce the voltage

39


The Secret of the UK Grid Transformers Change the AC

• Transformers are very simple devices.

• The alternating current is fed through a primary coil of wire, which produces an alternating magnetic field in the ring-shaped core of soft iron.

• This creates a voltage in a second coil, from which the output current can be drawn.

• If the secondary coil has more turns than the primary, the output voltage is higher than the input voltage and is called a step up transformer.

• A step down transformer has more turns in the primary coil than in the secondary coil.

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What is Single Phase ?

• 1 live conductor and 1 neutral

• Alternating current ( AC ) systems have a sinusoidal voltage/current profile over time

• The domestic supply

41


What is Three Phase?

Three live conductors and one neutral

42


How we Generate Three Phase?

43


Why Three Phase

• Most cost effective way to move energy

• 30 % of all electricity that is used is by electrical motors

44


Single and Three Phase Systems

Certain electrical devices (e.g. large motors) work more efficiently when there are multiple AC supplies which peak at different times.

Therefore the UK distribution network is three phase, generated at a frequency of 50Hz (cycles per second).

Each phase peaks every 1/50th of a second and is given different colours to distinguish them.

Domestic properties are supplied at single phase and are balanced across the three phase cable down the street.

45


Easy Single Phase Calculation

FORMULA TRIANGLE

POWER

VOLTS AMPS

divide

multiply

Power = volts x amps

Volts = power amps

Amps = power volts

46


Calculating Single Phase Line Current for a Single Phase Project

• PV array is rated at 3.68 kWp (3,680 watts)

• What is the maximum current output in amps if the voltage is:

• 230 volts

• Formula: Amps = power kW / voltage

• Answer:

• For 230 volts = 16 amps

47


hole

Full kVA

20% loss

Water loss

Hole in my bucket

Introduction to kW kVA kVar and power factor

kW

kVar

48


Lunch

49


After lunch focus Project failure

•Installed with planning consent but no grid connection • 10 kW single phase turbine ( approx 40 amps) • On installation of the turbine the connection application was submitted to the DNO • The DNO connection cost option no 1 was £ 41,000 •Option no 2 was no cost but to limit the export to 16 amps •Option no 3 was a off grid project supplying under floor or water heating

50


Part 3 Grid connection from the

perspective of the DNO

51


Part 4 How the grid works, connection tour

and site survey tips

• Overview of how the grid works

• Grid connection tour

52


The UK Electricity Grid

Understanding electrical grids

53


History of the Electricity Grid

• The Electricity Board developed from 1920 to 1990

• Privatisation 1990 move to the free market

Cash asset rich company with investment strategy. The biggest supply engine in the UK.

Happy shareholders and investors.

54


How it Works Free market overseen by Ofgem (the government

regulator)

The grid consists of five parts:

• Power Station Generators

• The National Grid ( NGT)

• Distribution Network Operators (DNO )

• Energy supply companies

• Consumers

Consumers Generators

55


Electricity Grid Layout

56


Electrical Plant and Apparatus

Electricity is generated at power stations which basically work like a motor in reverse - kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by the generator.

Overhead lines and underground cables are used to covey the electricity from one place to another - larger overhead line constructions will be supported by metal pylons and smaller ones on wooden poles.

Substations are used to step the voltage of the electricity up or down - they contain transformers and switches to open or close the circuit.

57


• Coal

• Gas

• Nuclear

• Renewables

UK Power Stations

58


Electricity Transmission • The National Grid Company (NGC) operates a network

of 275kV and 400kV transmission lines across the country.

• The majority of these are overhead conductors supported by huge pylons.

• Some circuits may be underground, especially through urban areas.

• Supergrid substations owned and operated by the NGC transform the voltage down from 275kV and 400kV to 132kV ready for distribution at a more localised level.

59


At bulk supply points, DNOs receive energy at 132,000 volts

60


Very Large Grid Transformers

61


Use the ENA site to access the correct DNO information

www.energynetworks.org/info/faqs/electricity-distribution-map.html

• Electricity North West

• Northern Ireland Electricity

• Northern Power grid

• Scottish Power (SP Energy Networks)

• SSE Power Distribution

• UK Power Networks

• Western Power Distribution

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http://www.enwl.co.uk/






http://www.nie.co.uk/



http://www.northernpowergrid.com/

http://www.scottishpower.com/

http://www.ssepd.co.uk/

http://www.ukpowernetworks.co.uk/

http://www.westernpower.co.uk/


Electricity Northwest Network Map

58,000 km of cables

96 bulk supply points

363 primary sub stations

33,000 transformer points

2.3 million customers

Grid system voltages

63


All Electrical Networks

Designs and operation of grid systems are covered by electricity at work regulations

• Grid code

• DNO’s licence conditions

• ENA engineering documents

• EQSR

• Buildings 17 edition of the IEE Wiring regulations

64


Grid Connection Picture Tour

• Help you to appreciate that customers have different load requirements with different sizes of connection.

• To help you to identify equipment on site.

65


Small Grid Supplies Domestic single phase Small commercial three phase

66


Reminder!

Single phase

1 live conductor and 1 neutral

Three phase

3 live conductors and 1 neutral

67


Single Phase Supply: 240 volts

Domestic or Small Commercial

Incoming Grid Cable

meter

80 amp Grid fuse

• Maximum rated capacity 18 kW ( approx 80 amps per phase )

• MCS generator project connectivity is 3.68 kW

Single phase – one live conductor

68


Domestic Metering • There are two main types of metering used in domestic situations :

• Single rate

• Dual rate

• Single rate is the most common in which there is usually some form of gas or non-electric heating in the property.

• Dual rate is used where the property is electrically heated and a cheaper rate of electricity is applicable at certain times of the day.

• All meters used are “whole current” which means the current flowing through the meter does not have to be transformed down to a more manageable value in order to measure it.

• Current transformer (CT) metering is used in larger supplies above 72kVA.

• Future developments will include smart meters.

69


Domestic Supplies • All the equipment up to and including the electricity meter is owned and

maintained by the local DNO and the meter operator.

• Beyond the meter, the rest of the installation is the responsibility of the homeowner.

• There is a consumer unit which protects all the wiring in your home.

• Without fuses or a mini circuit breaker (MCB’s), the wires may overheat if a fault develops, causing a fire risk.

• You may also have an earth leakage circuit breaker, also called a residual current device (RCD).

• This cuts off the electricity supply, if a small current (usually 30mA) flows through the earth wire.

• The main fuse protects the supply system from any risk of overload.

70


Three Phase Supply: 240/415 volts

Small Commercial

Incoming grid cable

3 x 80 amp fuses

Cables to meter

• Maximum rated capacity 60 KVA ( approx 80 amps per phase ) • MCS generation project connectivity is 11kW • Exceeding 11kW will require connection approval from the DNO

Earth

Three phase –

three live conductors

71


Local Substation

How big is 1 MW ( 1000kW)

This substation can supply 500 houses with gas central heating

transformer

72


Opening the Local Substation Door (at low voltage) Supply to your House

Cable joint in highway

Small single phase cable to house 240 v

Single phase connection arrangements

11,000 volts

240/415 volts

73


Single Phase Supply (farms and rural connections)

Incoming grid cable

80 amp grid fuse

74


Larger Supplies from 60kVA up to 300kVA

Power meter

Large DNO supply panel

DNO supply fuses

DNO supply cable sized to customer’s load requirements

Larger generator projects will require permission from the DNO to connect

Customer’s LV supply switch gear

Modern supply arrangements

75


Old Existing Supply Arrangements

DNO supply cable sized to customer’s load requirements

Power meter

Customer’s LV cables in steel tube to switch panel

DNO supply fuses


76


Over 300kVA up to 1000kVA A Low Voltage Connection

Large power supply connection

DNO substation Customer supply

Meter


Other LV supplies

77


Customer’s Dedicated HV Connection

11kV customer HV cable 11kV grid supply cables

HV switchgear

HV metering unit


78


New DNO substation £ 45,000

Modern Dedicated HV Customer Supply

New HV cables to grid connection point

New HV cables to customers circuit breaker and G59 control equipment


79


Rural Overhead LV 240/415 Volt Supplies

Bare exposed live cables Insulated twisted cables

80


Connections in Rural Areas Site Surveying

200 KVA area Grid supply No three phase grid supply

Dedicated customer three phase supply

Grid connection and cost will depend on existing supply arrangements. New overhead line supply and connection may add significant costs to the project.

81


11kV and 33 kV Grid

11,000 volt lines Will have pole mounted transformers supplying

the local LV grid

33,000 volt lines have larger insulators and no pole mounted transformers

82


Site Survey Tips

Bring back

• Customer electricity bills, all pages with the MPAN no.

• Site photographs

• Name and number of local substation

• Details of any existing generation

• Marked plan showing grid supply and substation location

83


Site Survey Tips The Power Source - DNO Substation

Main distribution sub station 1000kVA larger stronger grid supplies

Rural substation 50 kVA remote weaker grid supplies

S/S name and number on plate

84


Break time

85


Part 5 • Connection requirements and applications

• The job of the inverter

• Connecting generators to the customers’ supply and grid

86


Compliance Documents • UK National Standards

• G83 and G59 generation engineering documents

60 pages 123 pages 189 pages

87


Generation Compliance Picture Guide

88


Connecting to the Grid

G83 Stage 1 – Connect and Notify If the entire installation is 3.68kW or < 16 amps per

phase:

•You need to inform the DNO within 28 days, using the fully completed appendix 3 form

•You must include the MPAN

•You must use a MCS registered installer

•Charge: Nil Charge

89


Renewable Energy: Type of application

• G83 stage 1 single application:

• Legal obligation for installers to notify the DNO within 28 days of

commissioning.

• G83 stage 2 multiple applications

• Stage 2 application form must be completed with associated test

sheets to be forwarded to the DNO.

• The DNO will consider the application and advise of any work, cost

and associated timescales.

• There may be a charge to evaluate larger projects.

• G59 larger applications

• Generally, for generators in excess of 16 amps per phase

90


What is G59 Generation

• G59 is an industry standard for generators >16 amps per phase.

• Where necessary, G59 applications must be submitted for DNO system studies and associated network reinforcements, prior to connection.

• Charges: Charges will apply for work if required.

91


How to Make Successful Applications to the DNO

• Having the correct information from the site survey

• The right project design

• Supply the correct information to the DNO

• Make the right application for budget or firm quote

• Remember:

• Keep a copy of information you send to the DNO

• Always request a project number and contact details from the DNO

• Always look to build a relationship with the DNO

92


The Inverter

• All PV projects and some small wind turbines have inverters

• Changes generated DC to the same AC of the grid

• Automatically connects to the grid

• Automatically protects

93


Connecting Generators to the Grid

• Rotating generators require special equipment to connect to the grid

• Synchronous operation , A SWITCH that closes at the right time, like the clutch in your car

• Protection equipment that will prevent damage to the grid supply or to the generator

• All generators over 16 amps per phase must have permission to connect to the grid

94


Automatic Relay and Contactor Synchronous Operation

Grid Generator

95


Flow of water through a pipe

Generator Connection Difficulties Remember the water pipe analogy

Electrical pressure greatest

at the sending end (the substation)

Water pressure greater at the sending end

Reduced water pressure due to, customers load , bends and distance

Water main

Customer supply Reduced electrical pressure

Reminder - what is electrical pressure Voltage

Effect the supplying water pressure Effect the supplying Electrical pressure

Force water back into the main

96


Why Generator Connections Require Permission to Connect into a Customers Installation

Generator pressure Grid Pressure

What is pressure ? Voltage

The DNO has to guarantee the customer supply voltage • Customer submits a competent application request to the DNO • DNO engineer completes a network study • DNO issues to customer conditions for connection

97


No 1 Life Saving Rule • Hanging cables

• Exposed cables

• Bare conductors

• Electrical fittings

All must be assumed to be LIVE (have electrical pressure )

A competent person must be the one to confirm it is dead (have no electrical pressure )

98


No 2 Life Saving Rule Electrical equipment outside the house must

have special safety protection

A socket or potable device at the source of supply that has :

• A 30 milli amp ( 0.03 amp) R.C.D residual current device that will protect you from electrical shocks

• To be tested prior to use

99


Level 2 Advanced Workshop: UCLan, Preston, 4th July or

Sci-Tech Daresbury, 16th July 2013 • Free to NW SME’s, registered at today’s event.

• Limited places, sign-up today.

Overview of grid networks and connections for larger projects

Generator applications; budgetary or firm? with examples

The rural grid with technical information

Variation in grid voltage and the reason for DNO network studies

Filling in the ENA application form

How to submit good applications to the DNO

Real Case studies to bring clarity to the workshop learning

100


Questions?

101


Thank-you

Geoff Owen T: 07921 589144 E: [email protected]

102

workshop on energy and grid connection basics, salford 26.06.13

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