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WelcomeWelcome

Information Sharing SessionInformation Sharing SessionSouth County Particulate Matter StudySouth County Particulate Matter Study

BackgroundBackground

•• Historical PM Levels on the MesaHistorical PM Levels on the Mesa

•• Particulate Matter Health ConcernsParticulate Matter Health Concerns

•• Phase 1 PM StudyPhase 1 PM Study

•• Purpose and Goals of Phase 2 StudyPurpose and Goals of Phase 2 Study

•• Goals for this WorkshopGoals for this Workshop

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South County Phase 2South County Phase 2Particulate Matter StudyParticulate Matter Study

Study DesignStudy Design

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Study Design ElementsStudy Design Elements

•• Input on design from State Parks, GreatInput on design from State Parks, GreatBasin Unified APCD, Delta Group, andBasin Unified APCD, Delta Group, andSanta Barbara County APCD.Santa Barbara County APCD.

•• Main concept of design is to compareMain concept of design is to comparedunes at the SVRA to dunes without OHVdunes at the SVRA to dunes without OHVactivity.activity.

•• Three independent investigations by threeThree independent investigations by threegroups using different technologies.groups using different technologies.

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Three groups investigationsThree groups investigations

•• SLO APCDSLO APCD –– Measure particulate levelsMeasure particulate levelsand winds to see where high levels comeand winds to see where high levels comefrom.from.

•• Delta GroupDelta Group –– Measure composition andMeasure composition andsize of airborne particles.size of airborne particles.

•• GBUAPCD/CARBGBUAPCD/CARB –– Measure the physicsMeasure the physicsof sand movement to understand emissionof sand movement to understand emissionmechanism.mechanism.

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SLO APCD Monitoring SitesSLO APCD Monitoring Sites

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SLO APCD and Delta Group SitesSLO APCD and Delta Group Sites

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SLO APCD, Delta, and Sand Flux Measurement LocationsSLO APCD, Delta, and Sand Flux Measurement Locations

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Data ResultsData Results

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SLOSLO APCDAPCD ResultsResultsGrover PM10 Vs. Wind Direction and Wind Speed

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Mesa2 PM10 Vs. Wind Direction and Wind Speed

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Oso PM10 Vs. Wind Direction and Wind Speed

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> 20 mph

CDF PM10 Vs. Wind Direction and Wind Speed

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SLO APCD ResultsSLO APCD Results

Average Wind Speed During Episodes

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Average PM10 Concentration During Episodes

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Average PM10 Concentrations During EpisodesWhen the Dune Center Site was Operational

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Delta Group ResultsDelta Group Results

•• Composition of particulate during wind episodes mostly sand.Composition of particulate during wind episodes mostly sand.

•• About 10% of composition is sea salt.About 10% of composition is sea salt.

•• Elemental analysis confirms very little particulate from combustElemental analysis confirms very little particulate from combustion.ion.

•• Elemental tracers for petroleum coke showed no impact from theElemental tracers for petroleum coke showed no impact from thecoke piles.coke piles.

•• Confirmed little to no impact from agricultural fields.Confirmed little to no impact from agricultural fields.

0.09 to 0.26

0.26 to 0.34

0.34 to 0.56

0.56 to 0.75

0.75 to 1.15

1.15 to 2.5

2.5 to 5.0

5.0 to 10.0

Particle diameter in micrometers

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Silicon

Aluminum

Potassium

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Iron

SLO AQMD Mesa 2 SiteJanuary - February, 2008

SLIDE 16

Delta Group ResultsDelta Group Results

Grover BeachPier Ave

Silver SpurBluff

CDFConoc Ph

Mesa 2Oso Flaco

North to south transect

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Aerosols from 2.5 to 1.15 micrometer

Aerosol Episodes of April 29, 30, and May 1

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September October November

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Mesa 2 Guadalupe Dunes

Aerosol mass from 5.0 to 0.75 microns

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Mesa 2 Guadalupe Dunes

Mesa 2 - Guadalupe Dunes Intercomparison, Fall, 2008Silicon 5.0 to 0.75 microns (for soil, x ~ 4)

SLIDE 17

GBUAPCD ResultsGBUAPCD Results

•• No sand movement in vegetated areas.No sand movement in vegetated areas.

•• If the sand is not moving it can’t be a source.If the sand is not moving it can’t be a source.

SLIDE 18


13.3 mph13.3 mphNatural AreaNatural Area ––OsoOso

10.6 mph10.6 mphSVRASVRA –– InteriorInteriorDunesDunes

7.7 mph7.7 mphSVRASVRA –– BeachBeachDunesDunes

Threshold WindThreshold WindSpeed at 10Speed at 10MetersMeters

LocationLocation

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SLIDE 20


SLIDE 21

Finding #1Finding #1

Neither the petroleum coke piles at theNeither the petroleum coke piles at theConocoPhilipsConocoPhilips facility nor agricultural fields orfacility nor agricultural fields oractivities in and around the area are aactivities in and around the area are asignificant source of ambient PM on the Nipomosignificant source of ambient PM on the NipomoMesa.Mesa.

Delta Group elemental analysis downwind from theDelta Group elemental analysis downwind from thecoke piles did not detect the tracers of petroleum cokecoke piles did not detect the tracers of petroleum cokein the coarse fraction of particulate.in the coarse fraction of particulate.

Delta Group measurements at the Bluff site showedDelta Group measurements at the Bluff site showedlow levels of PM.low levels of PM.

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•• Vegetated areas do not emit wind blownVegetated areas do not emit wind blownparticles.particles.

–– Essentially no sand was collected in sandEssentially no sand was collected in sandcatchers in vegetated areas for the entirecatchers in vegetated areas for the entiresand flux study.sand flux study.

–– No high concentrations were measured underNo high concentrations were measured underhigh wind speeds passing over onlyhigh wind speeds passing over onlyvegetated areas.vegetated areas.

–– This is significant because State ParksThis is significant because State Parksresearch shows that vegetation can notresearch shows that vegetation can not

survive in areas with OHV activitysurvive in areas with OHV activity..

SLIDE 24


•• The airborne particulate matter impacting theThe airborne particulate matter impacting theNipomo Mesa on high episode daysNipomo Mesa on high episode dayspredominantly consists of sand type materialpredominantly consists of sand type materialtransported to the Mesa from upwind areastransported to the Mesa from upwind areasunder high wind conditions.under high wind conditions.

–– Data from both Phase 1 and 2 studies show theData from both Phase 1 and 2 studies show thecomposition during episodes is largely earth crustalcomposition during episodes is largely earth crustalelements and a small amount of sea salt and a strongelements and a small amount of sea salt and a strongrelationship between high wind speeds and high PM.relationship between high wind speeds and high PM.

–– Sand flux measurements showed a strong correlationSand flux measurements showed a strong correlationbetween sand movement and high PM downwind.between sand movement and high PM downwind.

SLIDE 25

Finding #4Finding #4•• Sand sheets with OHV activity emitSand sheets with OHV activity emit

greater amounts of particulates thangreater amounts of particulates thansimilar sand sheets without OHV activitysimilar sand sheets without OHV activityunder the same wind conditions.under the same wind conditions.

–– SLO APCD and Delta measurements showed that theSLO APCD and Delta measurements showed that theaverage PM concentrations downwind from the SVRAaverage PM concentrations downwind from the SVRAare 2are 2 –– 3 times higher than downwind from the control3 times higher than downwind from the controlsites.sites.

–– Sand Flux measurements showed that the thresholdSand Flux measurements showed that the thresholdfor sand movement was much greater and the amountfor sand movement was much greater and the amountof sand movement less in the control areas asof sand movement less in the control areas ascompared to the SVRA.compared to the SVRA.

SLIDE 26

Primary ConclusionPrimary Conclusion

•• OHV activity in the SVRA is a majorOHV activity in the SVRA is a majorcontributing factor to the high PMcontributing factor to the high PMconcentrations observed on theconcentrations observed on theNipomo Mesa.Nipomo Mesa.

SLIDE 27

Summary & Next StepsSummary & Next Steps

•• Present to APCD BoardPresent to APCD Board –– March 24March 24

–– 9 a.m. at the SLO County Board Chambers9 a.m. at the SLO County Board Chambers

–– Questions and comments from the workshopQuestions and comments from the workshopwill be summarized and included in the staffwill be summarized and included in the staffreport to Boardreport to Board

•• Implement Board DirectivesImplement Board Directives

SLIDE 32

Thank You!Thank You!

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