workshop to raise awareness of prevent · 2018-09-14 · case study – david copeland ... mental...
TRANSCRIPT
Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent
Nahida Shaikh
Prevent Coordinator
Partnership Community Safety Team Brighton & Hove
30th November 2015
By the end of this session you will be able to:
Better understand Prevent Strategy, its links with Safeguarding and your role within it
Better able to recognise those who are vulnerable to terrorism and may need support
recognise why some people are able to influence and manipulate others to commit crimes
Better understand threats and risks both nationally and locally
Better understand referral mechanisms and the role of ‘Channel’ multi-agency approach to support individuals vulnerable to being drawn into terrorism
Better understand the legal framework and ‘Prevent Duty’
Outcomes
Contest Strategy
Contest: Four Work Streams – 4 P’s
Prevent Strategy Objectives: Three I’s
Understanding Vulnerabilities
Actions To Take Procedures in your organisation
Channel – Supporting Individuals Vulnerable to Being Drawn Into Terrorism
Structure - Part I
Terrorism is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause (Terrorism Act, 2000).
Three Elements:
Action / Threats of Action
Target at which the action is directed at
Underlying purpose
Terrorism - Definition
July 2011 - updated version of CONTEST –
CON / TE / ST
COuNter TErrorism STrategy
‘To reduce the risk to the UK and its interests overseas from international terrorism, so that people can go about their lives freely and with confidence’.
CONTEST - Aims
• Stop Terrorist Attacks
• Pursue terrorist and those who sponsor them Pursue
•The public and UK interest •Strengthen our borders and infrastructure Protect
• Mitigate its impact
• Business continuity Prepare
• Stop people becoming terrorist or supporting terrorism
• Challenge non-violent extremism Prevent
Contest – Four P’s
Prevent – Pre Criminal CT Space – Base Of The Iceberg
Attacks
Criminal and non-criminal activity
Prevent Strategy - Aims
On 7th June 2011 the Home Secretary
launched the reviewed and re-focused Prevent Strategy – covering all forms of extremisms
and terrorisms.
To ‘stop people becoming terrorists
or supporting terrorism’.
Respond to the ideological challenge of terrorism and the threat we face from those who
promote it;
Prevent people from being drawn into terrorism and ensure that they
are given appropriate advice and support; and
Work with sectors and institutions where there are
risks of radicalisation which we need to address.
Prevent Objectives - Three I’S
Susceptibilities – Activity 1
What factors could make someone susceptible or vulnerable to carrying out or supporting violent, criminal or terrorist acts?
On your tables come up with at least 6 reasons and then try to group them as emotional or external factors
Factors That Influence
Personal / Emotional Factors Identity (seeking/
confusion )
Loss / Bereavement
Isolation
Lack of theological resilience
Drug / Alcohol abuse
Self Esteem
Personal crisis
External Factors
Peer pressure
Internet
Media (bias)
Foreign policy/ world events
Racism / discrimination
Bullying
Social media – internet, forums
The Risk of Radicalisation
All of us at times may share some of the feelings identified in that activity.
Does not drive most people to terrorism.
Can lead to a sense of injustice - make someone feel isolated, not listened to, an outsider.
These people are vulnerable and need protection, but from what?
Radicalisation
Behaviours – Activity 2
What are the signs that would give you cause for concern?
How do you spot vulnerability?
It is positive to be able to discuss and debate views and concerns and challenge perceptions at college
Emotional
Verbal
Physical/Circumstantial
April 1999 - ‘London Nail Bomber’ A 13- day bombing campaign – killed 3 and injured 129 Targeted ethnic minorities (Black, Bangladeshi) and Gay
communities No warnings were given Inspired by the British Neo-Nazi ‘National Socialist
Movement’, a splinter of Combat 18 (C18 – armed wing)/ Blood and Honour (Neo-Nazi group)
Believed in white master race and ethnic cleansing of Britain
Sought to spark a race war He was convicted of murder and was sentenced to six life
terms.
Case Study – David Copeland
Extremist material: right-wing propaganda material at home.
Lack of trust in political structures and civil society
Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant concluded he had a personality disorder. Had told his GP he was losing control of his mind a few months before his first attack.
Low self esteem, personal Identity & social exclusion: he was known to have issues about his height and his inability to form a relationship with women led to accusations among his peer group that he was homosexual.
Case Study – David Copeland
Action Plan
Notice
Check
Share Reflect on video – what was noticed, checked,
shared?
Who to share any Safeguarding concern with in your School / College / Organisation / Team
Education and Health Sectors – recommended that Prevent responsibilities sit alongside Safeguarding responsibilities and lead
A senior management level oversight of Prevent responsibilities at the organisational level
If needed, discuss this in your team / organisation and agree an internal protocol to escalate your concerns
Agree protocols to share these concerns with MASH or Prevent Team appropriately
Procedures Within Your Organisation
Channel - Supporting Vulnerable Individuals – Process In City
Multi-Agency Safeguarding Programme
Similar to other arrangements e.g. safeguarding children, domestic violence etc.
Operates in a pre criminal CT space
Voluntary engagement
Placed on statutory footing since 12th April 2015
Referral Received
PCM meeting
Initial CMIS
assessment
Multi-Agency panel
Review and
Monitoring
Exit
Identify individuals at risk of being drawn
into terrorism or terrorist-related
activities
Assess the nature and extent of that
risk
Develop the most appropriate support plan for the individuals concerned
•Universal Support / Mainstream Intervention(s)
•Specialist Intervention(s) e.g. Mentoring, Theological support.
Channel Multi-Agency Panel
20
Channel - Vulnerability Assessment
Vulnerability
Capability
Engagement Intent
14.Over-identification with a group or cause
15.‘Them and us’ thinking 16. Dehumanisation of the enemy 17. Attitudes that justify offending 18. Harmful means to an end 19. Harmful objectives
20. Individual knowledge, skills or competencies
21. Access to networks, funding or equipment
22.Criminal history
1. Feelings of anger and injustice 2. Feelings of threat and insecurity 3. Need for identity and belonging 4. Need for status 5. Need for excitement and
adventure 6. Dominance and control 7. Susceptibility to indoctrination 8. Political/moral motivation 9. Opportunistic involvement 10. Family or friends support
extremism 11. Transitional periods 12. Group influence and control 13. Mental Health
Nature and Levels of Threat
Understanding Risks:
Travel To The Conflict Zone;
Internet, New Media;
Lone Actors,
Right Wing Extremism
Structure - Part II
The UK Terrorism Threat levels
Subject To Change – See Up to Date Information at:
https://www.mi5.gov.uk/home/about-us/what-we-do/the-threats/terrorism/threat-
levels.html
The CONTEST (and Prevent) Strategy deal with all forms of terrorisms
Continued to identify terrorism as a serious & real threat
The most significant threat coming from terrorist organisations in Syria & Iraq and from Al-Qaida associated groups
Right-wing extremists / terrorist also pose a threat
CONTEST – Nature Of Threats
Threat, Risk and Vulnerability in Sussex
Increased threat of lone actors (e.g. Woolwich)
Online Influences - Internet, New Media (e.g. Roshonara Choudhry)
Extreme Right Wing (e.g. Pavlo Lapshyn, causing explosions near mosques in the West Midlands )
International terrorism (Nigeria, Somalia, PKK etc.)
Domestic extremism
Some of the Britons who have died Fighting in the Middle East
One British fighter killed in Syria and Iraq every three weeks, Kings College, London study
23 Britons are believed to have died (October 2014)
Increased to 70 Britons (in September 2015)
Changing Picture Friends -Hassan Munshi &Talha Asmal
Twins - Salma & Zahra Halane
'Syria-bound' Bradford Women and Children (3 – 34 years)
12 members of the Dawood family, who travelled from Bradford to Saudi Arabia on 28th May 2015
Zohra Dawood, Khadiga Bibi Dawood and Sugra Dawood, who are feared to have travelled to war-torn Syria
Risk Of Travel To The Conflict Zone Continues
Importance of Connections – Whom You Know
Horizontal Recruitment
Role of Peer Leader
Role of Facilitators
Change in the profile of travellers nationally - from Men to Women to (small number of) Families
Role Of Social Media
Role of Internet / Social Media
Tumblr
Ask.Fm
Private Messaging – Kik, Surespot, Viber, WhatsApp
Various platforms used
ISIS supporters
Highly Active and Vocal on Twitter
Regularly sharing material through:
Justpaste.it
Archive.org
Internet as a disseminator of Ideology; ‘Echo Chamber’, and impact on social relations / behaviour
British Women Travellers To Syria
Push Factors:
Isolated, Identity, belonging
International Muslim community is persecuted
Anger, sadness, frustration
Foreign policy, media, & Islamophobia feature prominently in social media
Pull Factors: Idealistic goals / duty
Belonging & sisterhood
Romanticisation of experience
Officially – Women valued, instrumental role
e.g. ‘Dabiq’ (ISIS magazine – illegal material) – ‘Sisters of IS’ Article
Allowing women voice in recruitment
Saltman & Smith (2015)
Diverse phenomenon composed of different groups and movements with varying ideologies
Definition a key challenge - various definitions and meanings
Cas Mudde found 26 definitions of right-wing extremism containing 57 different ideological features.
Five key features: nationalism, racism, xenophobia, anti-democracy and strong state/ authoritarianism (Cas Mudde, 1995, 2007)
Right Wing Extremism – Terminology Challenge
Far Right
Shared Agenda
Historical and contextual differences
Yet share an agenda of radical change to national policies
Chiefly on themes of: immigration, religion, national culture …
A radical form of patriotism or nationalism
Seeks some sort of national or racial ‘purification’
From ‘Racial’ to ‘Cultural Nationalism’
Nation defined in terms of shared culture, values and history (e.g. Anders Breivik)
‘Counter-Jihad’
(contentious term): anti-Muslim (e.g. Defence Leagues)
‘Neo-Nazi’ : anti-Semitic
Cultural nationalism’s first terrorist Rejected Nazism and race nationalism Considered himself to be part of a growing anti-Islam
milieu in Europe Believed in cultural Marxist plot ‘to deconstruct European
culture and institutions’ ‘Western societies now governed by politically-correct
elites (Cultural Marxists) who since WWII have systematically deconstructed traditional Western values and allowed a massive influx of Muslim immigration’
Too late to respond democratically, armed revolution and terrorism only option
Also believes in ‘coming war’ Biggest concern not Muslims, but these ‘cultural traitors’,
and they were his primary targets.
Case Study – Anders Breivik
‘Radicalisation is usually a process not an event.
During that process it is possible to intervene to prevent vulnerable people
being drawn into terrorist-related activity’
(Source: Prevent Strategy, 2011)
Incremental Process
Structure – Part III
Referring Vulnerable Individuals To Channel For Support in Brighton & Hove
Reporting Suspicious Activities/ Concerns
http://www.safeinthecity.info/getting-help/preventing-terrorism-and-extremism
For Children and Young People 17 years and under:
Refer Concerns to the Safeguarding/ Prevent Lead in your institution / School / Organisation
Refer concerns to the Multi-Agency Safeguarding Hub – MASH on (01273) 290400.
MASH will relay safeguarding concerns that fall within the scope of ‘Prevent’ work to the Prevent Team at the Sussex Police and the Partnership Community Safety Team.
Or Consult the Prevent Officers – see next slide
Referring Individuals To Channel For Support In Brighton & Hove
For Adults 18 years and over Consult with ‘Prevent Officer’ - police community support
officer Thomas Morvantoone on Non-emergency police number 101 ask for ext. 550543 or [email protected]
If appropriate, Email completed Channel Form to the police Channel Coordinator ([email protected]) for screening and copy the PCST for information
If needed, contact Prevent Coordinator, Nahida Shaikh (01273) 290584 at the Brighton & Hove City Council or
Channel Referrals – Over 18 Years Old Brighton & Hove
Anti-Terrorist Hotline : 0800 789 321
non-emergency Sussex Police: 101
Emergency: 999
Anonymously call Crime Stoppers: 0800 555 111
Anonymously report Online to Crime Stoppers at: https://crimestoppers-uk.org/give-information/give-information-online/
Counter Terrorism Internet Referral Unit (CTIRU) Report illegal terrorist information, pictures or videos you’ve found on the internet. https://www.gov.uk/report-terrorism
Reporting Concerns / Suspicious Activity
For Prevent and Channel Concerns Please Email: [email protected] More Information about Sussex Police, contacting police
and your local teams http://www.sussex.police.uk/ More Information about Counter Terrorism and policing http://www.sussex.police.uk/policing-in-sussex/your-community/counter-terrorism-projects
Reporting In Sussex
Prevent
Nahida Shaikh
Prevent Coordinator
Partnership Community Safety Team
(01273) 290584
Any Questions?