World Antimicrobial Awareness Week 18th-24th November“Spread Awareness, Stop Resistance”
A brief introduction on
Department of Microbiology
Department of Microbiology
Antibiotic Discovery Timeline
Department of Microbiology
resistance
Prolonged empirical therapy…no evidence-based practices
Injudicious use of antimicrobials….antibiotics in viral fever and diarrhoea
Treatment of bacterial colonization
Non-availability of timely lab results
Wrong selection of antibiotic
Incorrect duration…prolonged or too short
Unnecessary use of expensive medicine to meet patient expectation
Polypharmacy
1. Penicillins (Penicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin,Co-Amoxiclav, Cloxacillin,Piperacillin,
Piperacillin-Tazobactam)
Cefoperazone,Cefepime,Ceftaroline, Ceftobiprole)
Department of Microbiology
- Gas gangrene, Tetanus
Syphilis (Including neurosyphilis)
tissue infections like abscess
Hospital acquired infections
Department of Microbiology
infection including Bite wound infections
Community acquired pneumonia including
acute exacerbation of COPD
Meningitis
NOTE: Most community acquired URTI are of Viral etiology. Antibiotics are of limited value
Cloxacillin
efficacy against proven MSSA infections.
SSTI, Osteomyelitis, Arthritis caused by
MSSA.
MRSA infections
lactamase producing strains of
Pseudomonas, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Complicated UTI with Pyelonephritis
Bloodstream Infections
MSSA and Streptococci (Abscess, Cellulitis,
Osteomyelitis)
Streptococcus pneumoniae, H.influenzae.
Hospital acquired infections
Meningitis
infections(Community acquired)
infection(Community acquired)
Extended spectrum beta lactamase(ESBL)
or Carbapenemase producing organisms.
infections.
positive, Gram Negative bacteria including
pseudomonas and Anaerobes)
organisms
Indications for use:
(Only Beta Lactam with proven efficacy against
MRSA)
against MRSA
acquired infections including Multidrug
Pseudomonas
Meningitis
increasing)
Broadest spectrum of activity against Gram positive, Enteric Gram Negative bacteria, Pseudomonas,
Acinetobacter, Burkholderia and Anaerobes..Has been considered “Drug of Last resort” Department of Microbiology
Ceftazidime Avibactam
of Carbapenemase producing organisms.
can protect Ceftazidime against Class A and
Class D carbapenemases)
Department of Microbiology
including MRSA.
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus spp (MRSA
and MRCONS),Enterococcus, Diphtheroids and
diarrhoea(CDI)
organisms
Organisms with Vancomycin MIC >1,
when treated with the drug can lead to
clinical failure.
Resistant Enterococci(VRE)
abscesses and Osteomyelitis caused by
MRSA or VRE
organisms
Department of Microbiology
Community acquired pneumonia
cases of Tendinopathy and Tendon
rupture
Rapid development of resistance
among Staphylococcus spp during
infections / hospital acquired gram negative infections / infective endocarditis
As monotherapy in Tularemia, Plague , UTI due to MDR gram negative
organisms, N.gonorrhoeae ( spectinomycin)
Department of Microbiology