E592.,,, .'-,,,t,'-{,!. _ ; p ,, ~Volume 2

S1 -~~X-

Environmental Assessment(EA) Requirements for theEritrea EmergencyReconstruction Project

October 30, 2001

Kenneth ML Green

sDFILE COPY

.~~~~~y-~- k4yf2

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

BE Bank of EritreaCBE Commercial Bank of EritreaDOE Department of EnvironmentEA Environmental AssessmentECDF Eritrean Community Development FundEDIB Eritrean Development and Investment BankEE Environmental EvaluationEECF Environmental Evaluation Clearance FormEEQ Environmental Evaluation QuestionnaireEER Environmental Evaluation ReportEIRCF Environmental Management PlanERN Eritrean NakfaERP Emergency' Reconstruction ProgramESA Environmental Sensitive AreaFAO Food and Agriculture OrganizationGOE Govemment of EritreaHCBE Housing and Commerce Bank of EritreaIDPs Intemally Displaced personsIRC Impact Review CommitteeMIS Management Information SystemMLWE Ministry.of Land, Water and EnvironmentMOA Ministry of AgricultureMOE Ministry of EritreaMOF Ministry of FinanceMOLG Ministry of Local GovernmentMOPW Ministry of Public WorksNEMPE National Environmental Management Plan for

EritreaNGO Non-Governmental OrganizationOAU Organization of African UnityPEIAR Proforma Environmental Impact Assessment

ReportPMU Program Management UnitPSF Project Screening FormRTCD Roads Transport Construction DivisionTOR Terms of ReferenceUNDP United Nations Development Program

GLOSSARY

Government: the Government of the State of Eritrea.

Procedures: the Procedures for environmental assessment as laid out in thedocument: National Environmental Assessment: Procedures and Guidelines

Prolect: any humar activity, or proposed activity, which involves a change inland/water use anywhtere in the State of Eritrea or its territorial waters, which resultsin:-establishment of a new land use on previously unused land/water. This definitionof a project can be extended to cover pans, policies and programmes ( i.e. proposedactivities) where appropriate.

Proiect Cycle: the system whereby a project advances from inception to operation ina discrete series of stages.

Proiect Owner: the! individual(s) or organization(s), whether private, public orGovernment institution, proposing to implement a project.

Stakeholder: any person or group likely to be affected by a proposedproject.

ImDact Review Cornmittee: an expert group, chaired by a representative of theDepartment of Environment, Ministry of Land, Water and Environment, which willreview the reports produced by an Environmental Impact Assessment Study andmake a recommendation on environmental clearance.

Proiect Screenin_: the formal process that determines whether or notEnvironmental Evaluation or Environmental Impact Assessment is necessary for aproposed project.

Environment: the total surroundings of any particular location, including the air,water, and soil, plus the biological and socio-cultural components of thosesurroundings.

Environmental Evaluation: the process by which the potential impact of a proposedproject on the environment is determined using primarily Eritrean resources andexisting information. The results of the evaluation are contained in an EnvironmentalEvaluation Report.

Environmental Assessment: refers to the overall process of consideration of thepotential impact of a project on the surrounding environment, including its physical,biological and socio-cultural components. The Environmental Assessment mayinvolve only Project Screening, and/or Environmental Evaluatior2 or EnvironmentalImpact Assessment.

Environmental Imooct Assessment: the process by which the potential impact of aproject on the environment is determined through an in-depth study involving projectscooping and using both existing information and the collection of new data toproduce an integrated Environmental Impact Assessment Report and EnvironmentalManagement Plan.

Environmental Auidit: refers to an assessment of environmental performance of anexisting project, induistry or activity.

Environmentally Sensitive Area: any area in Eritrea or its territorial waters whosenatural and socio-cultural characteristics make them more vulnerable to significantnegative change generated by human development activities, or, conversely, thoseareas whose natural characteristics make them likely to present a significantlyincreased risk to normal project implementation and operation through naturalhazard.

Environmental Manaaement Plan: is a report, produced as part of a fullenvironmenta! impact assessment, which contains the proposed mitigation ,andenvironmental management actions associated with a project.

ImDact: any effect, which a project may have on the surrounding environment. Thismay be intended or unintended, and it may be either positive or negative.

ImDact Mitigation: any activity undertaken as part of project design andimplementation, which reduces or eliminates adverse (negative) impact andenhances positive impact on the environment.

Activity: iany action taken or work performed within a project in order to transforminputs into outputs.

Scooping Exercise: a stage in the overall environmental assessment process,which defines the focus and the limits of the main Environmental Impact Assessmentstudy.

Sustainability: the ability to meet the socio-economic needs of the presentgenerations without compromising the abilities of future generations to meet theirown needs, including a healthy environment.

Public Record: any register of documents, or other form of information to which thegeneral public has legal access.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...........................................

1. Background and Purpose ...... 1.....................................

2. The ERP Components .......................................... 22.1 Agriculture Component ......................................... 22.2 Infrastructure Comiponent ......................................... 3

2.1.2 Roads ......................................... 32.2.2 Power .......................................... 3

2.3 Private Sector Reccinstruction Component ......................................... 32.4 Social Protection Component ......... ................................ 5

3. National Environmental M!anagement Framework ........................................... 5

4. The World Bank Environnmental Assessment Policy ........................................... 9

5. Key Environmental Impac's and Mitigation Measures .......................................... 105.1 Agriculture ......................................... 115.2 Infrastructure ......................................... 115.3 Private Sector Reconstruction ......................................... 125.4 Social Protection ......................................... 13

6. EnvironmentalAssessment Requirementsfor the ERP .......................................... 146.1 Project Screening and Classification ......................................... 146.2 PIU Environmental Assessment Process ......................................... 146.3 Private Sector Reconstruction Component ..................... .................... 156.4 PIU EA Reporting and PMU Monitoring ................. ........................ 166.5 Bank Prior and Post-Review ......................................... 176.6 Disclosure Requirements ......................................... 17

Annexes

Annex 1 Project Environmental Evaluation Clearance Form DOE/EECFAnnex 2 Project Environmental Impact Review Clearance Form DOE/EIRCFAnnex 3 Proformia for Review of Adequacy of Content and Structure of An

Environmental Impact Assessment Report DOE/PEIARAnnex 4 Profortna for Assessment of Adequacy of Content and Structure of an

Environmental Management Plan DOE/PEMPRAnnex 5 Pesticide Management Plan (Under Separate Cover)

EA Requirementsfor the .EP

Executive Summary

The ERP is designed to finance a set of complementary actions in support of the publicand private sectors to restart and sustain the economy. The two target regions are thesouthem and southwestern region affected by the recent conflict with Ethiopia and thenorthem zone experiencing extreme drought conditions. The agricultural component isproviding households with support to enable resumption of farming activities.Infrastructure rehabilitation and reconstruction includes roads and bridges, powerfacilities, schools and health facilities. Financial support and associated social seryicesare underway to assist households to rebuid their livelihoods. Debt forgiveness forborrowers affected by the conflict, small loans through the Village Bank program forhouseholds and small enterprises and larger loans through commercial banks for accessto foreign exchanges are all underway. A balance of payments component is alsoproviding liquidity and flexibility to the Government.

The Program was classified by the Bank as environmental category B because nocomponent was expected to have significant environmental impact. However, severalsub-component activities have, potential negative impacts and these may requireidentification of measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverseimpacts. The ERP PMU arid Bank agreed to undertake an environmental assessment ofthe project shortly after effectiveness, and this report fulfills that requirement.

Each of the four major components are discussed identifying key sub-componentactivities. These activities are being implemented by GOE Ministries and other entitiesand each has a Project Implementation Unit (PIU). The document provides guidelines tothe participating PlUs on reviewing and appraising environmental impact/aspects of theirprojects. It also provides information regarding environmental assessment requwementsso that the projects can be implemented in an environmentally sound manner. The

.procedures follow environmental assessment procedures and guidelines of the GOE andare also consistent with the Bank policies and goals applicable to environmentalassessment,.pesticides, natural habitats, forestry, involuntary resettlement and gender.

National environmental assiessment procedures and guidelines are reviewed in detail. TheNEAPG screens projects into three levels of environmental analysis depending upon thepotential impact of the project, Category A, B, and C.

* Category A projects: projects which are likely to have significant adverseenvironmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented; these impactsmay affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works.

* Category B projects: projects with less potential adverse.envirnnrjental impacts thanCategory A projects and are generally site-specific.

* Category C projects: projects that are likely to have minimal or no adverseenvironmental impacts.

The NEAPG document is prepared on the basis of World Bank EA principles and moreor less corresponds with procedures and guidelines of the Bank. These from the basis for

EA Requirements for the ERP

the development of numerous environmental assessment checklists that enable each PIUto fully understand the ERP EA requirements.

The World Bank has several policies goveming project environmental assessment.Operational Policy (OP) 4.01 on Environmental Assessment is the foundation that-defines the Bank's enviironmental assessment requirements. A screening process for allWorld Bank projects classHfies them into one of four environmental assessmentcategodes,. A, B, C or F l. The policy set out in OP 4.01 applies to emergency recoveryprojects such as the ERP.

Specific environmental assessment issues related to each sub-project type as definedby a full EIA or Environmental Evaluation per the NEAPG is discussed. There are fowrprimary areas of environmental concern in conjunction with the agricultural activities:water resources; vegetative cover and biodiversity; land degradation and erosion; andpest and pesticide management.

Most road subprojects involve rural road rehabilitation rather than outright construction ofnew roads. Road rehabilitation or maintenance subprojects do not usually result in majorimpacts;. however, this does not mean they should be exempt from environmentalassessment procedures during subproject planning. In those instances where a newaccess road is to be built, especially in an environmentally sensitive areas as defined inthe NEAPG, a full environmental impact assessment is generally in order.

Impacts during bridge and ford construction are usually associated with disturbance tobanks and streambeds, erosion of streambanks, and potential impacts from heavymachinery use. Site restoration after construction, including revegetation of riverbanks,may be required to minimize long-term impacts.

The replacement and rehabilitation of the main Hirgigo - Massawa plant is arecompletion with no now predicted impacts from the previous project. The high voltagetransmission lines were previously constructed and there is no new concern regardingROW cutting and digging. Work on the Self-Contained Systems in the various towns is asimple process of replacing older equipment. The standard EEQs will have to becompleted by the Ministry for this projects.

Small and medium siize manufacturing and industrial units usually have minimalenvironmental impacts., Because of the wide range of possible manufacturing andindustrial activities which might fall under in this sub-component, it is important to usethe EEQs for this entire sector. Risk reduction takes the form of pollution prevention,changes in manufacturing processing, regeneration of processing and treatmentchemicals, retaining tanks, reduction of waste material and recycling. When there is highexposure to specHfic populations or groups of people, interventions are requires to ensurehuman safety.

Several small construction subprojects in terms of schools and health units are part ofthis component but it is rare that such small constructiornubprbjects will causesignificant impacts. However, they should be screened for potential environmentalconsiderations such as involuntary resettlement, contamination from waste materialsduring construction, disturbances during construction, and environmental contamination

EA Requirements for the ERP

during operation of the facilities (caused, for example, by inadequate sanitationfacilities).

Most of the environmenial considerations with regard to water supply to three smalltowns involve avoiding water contamination. Measures need to be taken to ensureinitially good water qualitt. Testing of the water supply should be performed regularly todetect any contamination to the system, and this should be done in conjunction withperiodic chlorine treatment. There is no expected displacement in terms of siting thewater take-up. Potential noise and air pollution problems can arise during constniction ofthe distribution network but these can be mitigated with simple construction supervisionpractices.

The section on EA Requirements provides a detailed explanation of how the PlUs willundertake EA for respective components and sub-components and report to the PMU. Asimplified step by step set of actions, fully based on NEAGP are provided anddiscussed. These steps take the project sponsor or owner through: screening;environmental assessment or evaluation; DOE reporting; and PMU monitoring.

Special attention is given to the Private Sector Reconstruction Component since theLoan Fund is a rather substantive amount of money and is financing manufacturing andindustries that correspond to NEAPG category B projects. These projects require theborrower to fulfill DOE requirements and details are provided to assist in theseprocesses.

The report finishes with Et discussion of the PIU quarterly reporting requirements andhow the PMU will track E A progress. Considerations for Bank review and supervisionare provided. Several actions will be undertaken by the ERP to satisfy Bank disclosurerequirements.

EA Requirements for the ERP

1. Background and Purpose

The recent conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia resulted in significant economic andsocial impacts on the country and its people. Thousands were displaced from their-communities, homelands and traditional agriculture and grazing lands. The war caused atremendous loss of livestock, food, seed stocks, and farming tools and apparatus. Theconflict caused dramatic declines in agriculture output in one of the countries mostimportant grain production reBgions. There was also widespread destruction of schools,hospitals, health centers, infrastructure and towns, villages and individual homes.

Humanitarian assistance is being provided through numerous agencies andorganizations to assist the IDPs in their camps and slowly return to their homesteads.Appeals for International support for emergency relief was ongoing throughout theconflict. With the cessation of hostilities in May of 2000, concerted measures werelaunched to start the process of reconstruction and rehabilitation of the areas damagedover the course of the conflict.

The failure of the important short rains in the Sahel region of the country for twoconsecutive years has also contributed to suffering from drought. Although widespreadfamine and disease outbrealks have not occurred, there was increased concern that the"fragile" situation would deteriorate. Drought relief interventions to cushion decreases inagriculture output, economic loss and social hardships were also identified.

The World Bank commitment to GOE to assist in the process of long-term reconstructionand economic recovery frorm the conflict and drought is the ERP. The ERP is designedto finance a set of complementary actions in support of the public and private sectors torestart and sustain the economy. The agricultural component is providing householdswith support to enable resumption of farming activities. Infrastructure rehabilitation andreconstruction includes roads and bridges, power facilities, schools and health facilities.Financial support and associated social services are underway to assist households torebuild their livelihoods. Debt forgiveness for borrowers affected by the conflict, smallloans through the Village Bank program for households and small enterprises and largerloans through commercial banks for access to foreign exchanges are all underway. Abalance of payments component is also providing liquidity and flexibility to theGovernment.

The ERP is coordinated by a Project Management Unit (PMU) within the Ministry ofFinance. The PMU is responsible for overall program management, including ensuringthat financial, management and reporting procedures are acceptable to the Government,the Bank and other donors. The actual implementation of the project components arethe responsibility of the following Ministries or Govemment agencies;

Responsible Project Project ComponentImplementing UnitsMinistry of Agriculture, AgricultureMinistry of Energy, PowerMinistry of Public 'orks, Road and BridgesMinistry of Local Govemment ECDF, traditional safety nets, housingMinistry of Finance Balance of payments supportBank of Eritrea Private sector reconstruction

Page I of 17

Table 1.1 ERP Components and Line Agencyand Organization Implementation

j ERP PMU |

Agricltiural Component Social Proeetlontinistry of Agriculture t04

501

C d uction M e chan ized A Utlc tm a l Resources a o tM icro-C "e 1t Hm oaing | |I Atm tbe dedCrep Prokdue n 5 012 5013 ECFEt:F tl ntsby of t dtowmt S-etv Mal5011 _ SOt SOS2 5043 SOt4

Educ tibn

Hea10W

Access lo |

Water SuVp IY

Ilfrstrrature Prtv te Sector ReconstructionRe2 heizile, MaUaws Fogf B

Efc DwP & snt SW*

l l | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Affected Enhrprhtes Loan FurndRoas 502 or 5031 5033

| taiito MassawtXgo

1 Wed~~~~~~~em Edret

| tlance of Payments |

EA Requirements/for the ERP

The Program was classifiecl by the Bank as environmental category B because nocomponent was expected to have significant environmental impact. However, severalsub-component activities have potential negative impacts, which may requireidentification of measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverseimpacts. In a parallel manner specific sector project types may benefit from measures toimprove environmental performance. Consequently, the Bank and GOE agreed toconduct an environmental assessment of the overall program shortly after creditapproval and effectiveness.

The EA terms of reference specified attention be directed to the use of pesticides, theagriculture component, housing and settlement, and the private sector reconstructidncomponent. Development ol a Pesticide Management Plan in accordance to GOENational Environmental Assessment Procedures and Guidelines and the Bank Policy onPest Management was specified. Additional consideration of Bank Policies on NaturalHabitats and Forestry was called for.

This document is intended to provide guidelines to the participating ProjectImplementation Units (PlUs) on reviewing and appraising environmental impact/aspects oftheir projects and on providing information regarding environmental assessmentrequirements so that the projects- can be implemented in an environmentally soundmanner. The procedures in this report fully cover the environmental assessmentprocedures and guidelines of the GOE. The mechanisms prescribed are also consistentwith the Bank policies applicable to environmental assessment, pesticides, natural habitatsand forestry.

The first section of this document provides a brief overview of the ERP components andsub-components. The secondl section provides a summary of the GOE environmentalassessment management framework. The environmental assessment requirements ofthe ERP are presented in the next section, building upon the World Bank EArequirements and specific DOE procedures. Screening, environmental evaluation, EIA,environmental clearance and monitoring procedures are defined for each component. APesticide Management Plan is provided in a separate appendix.

2. The ERP Componenits

2.1 Agriculture Component

This component will finance! the purchase and distribution of seeds, fertilizers,agricultural tools, tractors, livestock, storage facilities and veterinary support. Theseinputs are targeted for the,estirnated 770,000 war and drought-affected households, themajority of whom are farmers. Such support is designed to'as*t th'em to resumeagricultural and livestock production.

The Land Resources and Crop Production sub-component finances acquisition of seedsfor main cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables; local hand tools and spareparts; fertilizers; draft animals; water pumps for small-scale irrigation; soil conservationworks; and afforestation. DANIDA in a parallel effort is sponsoring a small program ofadaptive research and a small credit fund.

Page 2 of 17

EA Requirementsfor the ERP

A Mechanized Agriculture -and Support Services sub-component will restore agriculturaloutput through several initiatives. Tractors and other farm machinery are being suppliedto compensate for the reduction in manual labor available for farm production in the waraffected areas and loss of draught animals due to the war. This sub-component willfinance the purchase of small tractors, seed planters, weeders, small harvestingequipment, threshers, storage and repair facilities and workshops.

The Animal Resources sub-component will restore productive capacities throughrestocking and feed production and introduce new income generating activities. Specificactivities include restockincl poultry, bee-keeping. Restocking of approximately 156,QOOruminants and required feed supplies for these animals, and vaccines and other publicveterinary supplies.

2.2 Infrastructure Component

2.2.1 Roads

The war damaged parts ol the national and regional road network. Five activities areprogrammed with the Ministry of Public Works - Infrastructure Department.* Three bridges will be repaired - Tesseney Gash, Dassir-Awgaro Gash and Kuluku

Gash - consisting of a EBailey bridge and abutments and repairs for each.* There is also construction of new access roads and improvements of existing roads

leading to IDP settlements. These road schemes include shorter routes from 10 to 50kms, and longer stretches from 50 to over 1 OOkm. The works will consist of grubbing,grading, and partial filling with minor drainage structures and fords and Irishcrossings.

* Construction of small bridges and culverts and reshaping and widening of roadsections in drought and famine affected areas. This focuses on a North Easter Belttotaling 285 km and a Northern Belt totaling 446 km.

* Procurement of Bailey bridges and vehicles and office equipment.* Pre-construction investigations including design and construction supervision.

2.2.2 Power

The target of this activity is to rehabilitate existing power plants in several locations ofthe country through the Ministry of Energy and Mines. Work is programmed for twoefforts:* The Inter-Connected System which supplies Asmara, Massawa, Keren, Mendafera

and Dekenhare through 132 and 66 KV transmission lines and the main HirgigoPower Plant and related substations.Damage to the Self. Contained Systems which are stand alone local generatingplants serving specific towns and surrounding areas. This *cludes the damagedBarentu and Tesseny power generators and upgrading of faclities in Adi Quala, AdiKeith and Senafre.

2.3 Private Sector Reconstruction Component

This component consists mainly consists of micro, small and medium scale enterprisesmostly engaged in trade with a smaller share involved in manufacturing and service

Page 3 of 17

EA Requirements for the ERP

industries. They are mainly characterized by a small sole ownership operations and to alarge extent based on family labor and capital. Furthermore, they are constrained by thelimited business support system that could help to improve the managerial, financial,financial, technological and marketing capabilities. The principal objective of the PSR isto revive the private sector of the economy through the provision, as appropriate, of reliefand loan funds to various enterprises and technical assistance to the banking institutionsin the country.

The support for Affected Enterprises sub-component of the emergen.cy funding programis geared toward enterprises, which are predominantly micro and small. The support foraffected enterprises aims at bailing out banks from sudden depletion of their finarycialresources or even bankruptcy as a result of the extensive draw related to the recentconflict. According to the Bank of Eritrea, no importation of machinery and no major newconstruction is envisaged to be undertaken under this component except the partial orfull debt forgiveness of the outstanding bank loans by the beneficiaries. The area of thecountry which has been particularly affected by the recent conflict is mainly in the Zobasof Debub, Southem Red Sea and Gash Barka.

The Loan Fund consists of medium and long-term loans for financing the fixedinvestment and permanent working capital needs of existing enterprises in varioussectors of the economy (with the exception of tobacco, firearms and residential realestate). A priority is to addoress their needs to import machinery and components. Inaddition, new enterprises wrhich have the potential to eam or save hard currency areeligible to apply for these locans.

The last subcomponent is technical assistance to strengthen the institutional capacity ofthe Bank of Eritrea and the three financing institutions in the country, namely, theCommercial Bank of Eritrea, the Housing and Commerce Bank of Eritrea and theEritrean development and Investment Bank.

The number of enterprises so far submitted to the Bank by the three FinancialIntermediaries in connection with debt relief funding is 1564, as presented in Table 2.

Request for debt relief funding

Financial Enterprises that Enterprises that Enterprises that TotalIntermediary sustained 100% sustained partial sustained

loss loss minimaldisruption

CBE 903 108 257 1268HCBE 51 65 121 237EDIB 8 4 47 59Total 962 j177 425 1564

On the other hand, the enterprises supported by the Loan Fund from these financialintermediaries are relatively large and accordingly fall within several of the IndustrialSector Project Types in the 14EAPG. As such these loans require proper screening andenvironmental, evaluation as Category B projects. So far some 20 applications havebeen submitted to the Bank.

There have been 20 requests submitted by the three Banks under the Loan Fund sub-component for a total amount of about US dollars 10.8 million (see Table 3).

Page 4 of 17

EA Requirements for the ERP

Loan Fund requests by riumber and amount as of September 2001

Activities Maekel Debub Gash Total US Dollars AverageBarka Value

Tourism 1 _ - 1 259,512 259, 512Construction 1 _ 1 1,100, 000 1, 100, 000Mining - 1 1 255, 445 2Industry 14 3 I 17 9,186,111 540,359Total 16 3 1 20 10, 801, 068 .540,053

2.4 Social Protection Component

Many households and communities affected by the war and drought will receive socialsupport and economic services in several forms under four sub-components.

The Infrastructure sub-component, implemented by ECDF, will rehabilitate and developbasic social and economic infrastructure in the following:* Rehabilitation off schools in the two war affected regions of Gash Barka and Debub

including construction ol: provisional classrooms, school supplies, training, and othereducational support services.

- Rehabilitation of basic health facilities in the same regions.* Rehabilitation of smaller feeder roads near IDPs.* Construction of three small town water supply schemes in Adi Keith, Segheneti and

Dibarwa - towns with populations between 6,000 to 9,000. These projects willinclude geophysical surveys, drilling and civil works for a improving or expandingwater source delivery and a distribution network.

The micro-credit sub-component will replenish ECDF to continue its village bank savingsand credit program. An expansion of Village Banks from the existing 86 to 16 more inwar affected regions of Gash Baraka and Debub and another 35 throughout the countryis expected to provide service to over 4,500 beneficiaries. These micro-credit loansrange between $US 100 to ';US 500.

A Housing sub-component will target providing funds and or materials to subsidize thecost of rebuilding war damaged homes, through the Ministry of Local Government, forapproximately 20,000 poor households.

Finally, a.Safety Net sub-component will provide, at the community level, cash granttransfers to war affected households repayable without interest and cash for workprograms. This sub-component will be coordinated through the Ministry of LocalGovernment.

3. National Environmental Management Framevlck

Eritrea's environment and natural habitat has undergone deterioration during the lastcentury due to population pressure on limited productive land, poor water and soilmanagement and persistent drought. Limited knowledge of viable solutions oralternatives to harmful practices, lack of financial resources and previousmacroeconomic policies have also contributed to the perpetuation of environmentalproblems of the country.

Page 5 of 17

EA Requirements for the ERP

To address the overall challenge of environmental management in the country, theGovernment adopted the Natiional Environmental Management Plan - Eritrea (NEMPE)in 1995. More recently in 1997; environmental protection and sustainable use of naturalresources has been articulated in Article 8 of the Eritrean Constitution. The mainobjective of these measures is the coordination of the protection and enhancement ofEritrea's environment and natural resource base so that optimal social and economicdevelopment can be achieved. These initiatives promote the interconnection betweenpopulation, resources and environment within the Eritrean context. The relationshipbetween NEMPE and other national initiatives such as development planning andmacro-economic policies are acknowledged and a number of guiding principles for theintegration of environmental objectives into the national planning process are provided.

In short, it is the vision of the country's environmental heritage and a strategy forensuring that development incorporates resource-use options that can be sustainable inthe future. It can thus be considered as the starting point for the development of actionprograms to address specific environmental issues and to create a foundation for theintroduction of appropriate environmental management. Govemment recognized thechallenge of transforming these objectives and policies into a collection ofcomprehensive institutional, regulatory, and practical actions.

The lead agency for undertaking this process is the Department of Environment, Ministryof Land, Water and Environment. DOE has collaborated closely with a range ofGovernment agencies to develop a system of environmental impact assessmentprocedures and guidelines suitable to Eritrea's context. The National EnvironmentalAssessment Procedures and Guidelines (NEAPG) were published in March 1999 after aseries of intensive consultation processes which involved numerous workshopsrepresenting parties from the private sector and govemment ministries and agencies, atthe central and zonal level.

Within the framework of NEMPE, the NEAPG is meant to transform environmental policyinto development plans and projects that integrate sound environmental management.The NEAPG screens projects into three levels of environmental analysis dependingupon the potential impact of the project, Category A, B, and C.

* Category A projects: projects which are likely to have significant adverseenvironmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented; these impactsmay affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works.

* Category B projects: projects with less potential adverse environmental impacts thanCategory A projects and are generally site-specific.

* Category C projects: projecl:s that are likely to have minimal or no adverseenvironmental impacts.

The NEAPG document is prepared on the basis of World Bank EA principles and moreor less corresponds with procedures and guidelines of the Bank. This environmentaldocument consists of two sections and four appendices. The first is 'Procedures andGuidelines for Environmental Clearance of Projects" and the second is 'Monitoring andEvaluation of Projects". These sections provide an overview of project screening, projectscreening responsibility, over-all environmental assessment reauirements, timing ofthese procedures and clearance outcomes.

Page 6 of 17

EA Requirementsjor the LRP

The activities of the Procedures are to:

* assess the significance of potential impacts which the implementation of theproject may have on the environment;

* reduce delays in project approval;* Improve project design and performance; and* promote economic deBvelopment without unnecessary decline in environmental

quality.

In the Manual, the responsibility for implementation, the users and the conditions forusing the procedures are specified. The EA requirements for clearing projects arndprocedural steps for EA are provided. Screening of projects the requirements bycategory (A, B and C) and responsibilities for carrying-out the EA are specified.

For clearance Category A projects are required to be subjected to full EIA; whileCategory B projects are required to carry-out EE; and those in Category C are notsubjected to EA. The procedural steps in carrying-out full EIA, the reportingrequirements and EMP preparations; for reviewing EIA and EMP reports and projectclearance have been specified.

In section B, the requirement and procedures of monitoring and evaluation of projectsduring implementation have been specified.

The NEAPG also contains environmental screening details in four appendices.

Appendix A (Project List for Environmental Screening); contains a list of typicalprojects arranged by sector, for environmental screening. A set of criteria were usedto separate the projects into three categories (corresponding to Category A, B and C)of environmental assessment. The key criteria are the likely size and scale of theprQject in terms of area of potential impact and the potential for direct/indirecthazardous effect on human health and/or ecosystem integrity. The sector and projecttypes include:* planning sector projects (urban planning, transport, waste disposal);* industrial sector projects (mining, processing and manufacturing industries,

electrical manufacturing, and management of hydrocarbons); and* natural resources (clams, rivers, water resources, biodiversity conservation

forestry, agriculture, aerial spraying, fisheries).

Appendix B (Proposed Environmentally Sensitive Area); contains a list ofproposed environmentally sensitive areas (ESA) including land use and geology,water, area of agricultural heritage potential, potential tourist areas, biodiversity,fisheries, agricultural and forestry land.

Key Considerations Regarding ESA

* Any area with >25% tree cover, including nvernne and floodplain forest and woodland (as per ForestDirective; 1994);

* Any area within 1 OOm of river or stream with main channel bank-width of >5m (as per ForestDirective; 1994);

* Any area of land with slope of >35o (as per Forest Directive; 1994);

Page 7 of 17

EA Requirements for the ERP

* Areas which serve as an important natural resource base (for humans, wildlife or livestock),especially during seasonEil or inter-annual drought stress periods;

* Forest, woodland or grassland with important soil conservation functions;* Area agreed or proposed for permanent or temporary enclosure, or for gazettement for biodiversity

conservation;* Area containing habitat of regionally or nationally-rare species (see endangered species list,

available from DoE or Moo\);* Coastal shoreline near coral areas, seagrass or mangrove habitat which have been ranked as

especially important for conservation purposes;* Any area of coastal land which is recognised as providing important habitat (e.g. breeding or

feeding areas) for any species of special conservation status;* Any area of land designated as high or medium potential agricultural land.

Appendix C (Environmental Assessment Forms) including;* Project environmental screening, evaluation clearance, impact review clearance

forms as well as Performa for review of adequacy of content and structure of EAand EIA reports.

Appendix D (Checklist for Project Screening) covers project scooping andcontains a checklist of project components and environmental components

In a separate document that is distributed on CDROM, DOE has assembles a set ofquestionnaires for use in environmental evaluation. These questionnaires raise technicalqueries regarding the project under consideration, its type, location and site ( areacoverage, site plan), plant and machinery, production capacity, future expansion,processing technique or technology, raw materials, chemicals used and storage, sourceand annual consumption of water and energy, type and size of vehicles to be used,disposal of solid waste, treatment and release of effluent, waste emission to air, water orland, measures to be taken to reduce waste emission, etc. They also raise socio-economic questions including mwith respect to number of total and permanent staff to beermployed at the site/factory, supply resources for food, features and distance ofresidential are from the site, transport means, sanitation measures, etc. See Table 1 forsome of the type of projects c:overed in the NEAPG and the spectrum of questionsraised in their respective questionnaires.

Resettlement issues are addretssed in line with different development sectors andincorporated into any project having such impacts. A Draft National Framework Policy onResettlement has recently been i;ssued (June 2001). The primary objectives of this policystate that:

* Projects should be screened for potential resettlement issues;* Resettlement should be treated as an integral part of project design from the

earliest inception of the project; andAltemative to displacement and resettlement should be fullycognsidered beforedecisions on displacement and resettlement are taken.

Highlights of the Eritrea Resettlement Plan Policy

Involuntary population displacement should be avoided or minimized whenever possible byexploring other viable project designs' altematives.'People needs and environmental protection

. must be given appropriate consideration in the decision making process.* Where displacement is unavoidable, resettlement plans should be formulated with due care given

to people's needs and to environmental protection.

Page 8 of 17

EA Requirements for the ERP

* All involuntary resettlement should be conceived and executed as development programs andshould be provided sufficient investment resources and opportunities for resettlers to share on thebenefits that the project may bring.

* Participation of govemmert -institutions, communities (resettlers and host communities) inplanning and implementation should be included with the participation of women an importantconsideration.

* The implementation of the resettlement plan should be effectively supervised.

Generally, the plan is required to focus on restoring the income earning capacity ofresettlers and improving their living conditions prior to resettlement. Displaced personswill be:

* Enabled to reconstruct a land based or employment-based productive existence;* Compensated for their lloses at replacement cost;* Assisted with the move and during the transition period at the relocation site; and* Supported in their effonts to improve their former living standards, income earning

capacity, and production levels, or at least to restore them.

Several ERP components specifically target women and provide significant benefits forthem and their families: This is evident in the micro-credit programs in agriculture whichhave successfully provided chick stocks for women. Support services include feedsupply, veterinary care and extension so that after one year the household has analtemative source of income as well as improved nutrition for the family. Supplementalincome for women is also available in the Cash for Work program under the LandResources and Crop Protection sub-component that are manual labor constructionactivities building terraces, retaining embankments and reforestation, all having positiveimpacts on soil and water conservation.

Under the Social Protection component, the micro-sub-component is targeted on villagebank savings and credit programs, many of which are directed towards small businessenterprises that are run by women. These include small stores, restaurants and foodservices, trading enterprises and other informal income generating businesses.

4. The World Bank Environmental Assessment Policy

The Bank is involved in financing the ERP and one of the requirements for this is thatsuch Bank financed projects would be subject to Environmental Assessment (EA). Theobjective of this requirement is to ensure that such projects are environmentally soundand sustainable. EA evaluate the potential environmental risks and impacts in its area ofinfluence; examines projects alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection,sitting, planning, design and implementing by preventing, minimizing, mitigating orcompensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts, andincludes the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmeQ! impacts throughproject implementation.

EA takes into account the natural environment, human health and safety; social issuesand global environmental matters and it considers natural and social aspects in anintegrated manner: It considers also the country's policy, legislation, institutionalcapabilities; country obligatiorn in respect to project activities under internationalenvironmental agreement.

Page 9 of 17

EA Requirements for the ERP

The World Bank has several lpolicies governing environmental assessment of projects.Operational Policy (OP) 4.01 on Environmental Assessment (revised in January 1999) isthe foundation that defines the Bank's environmental assessment requirements. Ascreening process for all WVorld Bank projects classifies them into one of fourenvironmental assessment categories. Projects in category 'A' potentially causesignificant and possibly irremediable environmental impacts. Category "B" projectscause lesser impacts, which ere often essentially remediable or mitigable. Category 'C"projects can be expected to have little or no environmental impact. A recently newcategory uFl," has been created for projects where financial intermediaries areresponsible for the preparation, appraisal, and implementation of subprojects.

Depending on the nature of the project a set of EA instruments are used to comply witithe Bank's requirement. These may include EIA, regional or sectoral EA, environmentaland it, hazard or risk assessnment and environmental management plan (EMP) and EAapplies one or more of these.

The policy set out in OP 4.01 applies to emergency recovery projects such as the ERP.However, when compliance with the requirements of this policy would prevent theeffective and timely achievement of the objectives of an emergency recovery project, theBank may exempt the project lrom such a requirement. However, the Bank requires that(i) the degree to which the emergency was precipitated by inappropriate environmentalpractices be determined; and (ii) any corrective measures be incorporated into either theemergency project or a future Ilending operation.

The Bank's requirements include also that the adequacy of the institutional capacity(legal and technical) of the borrower to carry-out EA related functions complies with thepolicy specified in OP 4.01. For all Category A and B projects, the Bank requires thatthe borrower carries-out public consultation which includes project affected groups andlocal non-governmental organizations (NGOs) about the environmental aspects of theproject. Such views are required to be taken account. The borrower is required toprovide relevant material to the groups. During implementation, the borrower is requiredto report on (i) compliance with measures agreed with the Bank including EMP; (ii) thestatus of the mitigatory measures, and (iii) the findings of monitoring programs.

5. Key Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The ERP is financing a tremendous variety of different subproject types as discussedabove posing a special chalilenge to those responsible for evaluation of potential,impacts. What follows in this section is not intended to be a comprehensive discussion ofall the sectors components and types of subprojects, their impacts, and their mitigationmeasures. Rather, it is an attiempt to highlight the most common impacts that can beexpected in the types of subprojects being implemented. Specific environmentalassessment issues related to each sub-project type, as defined by a full EIA orEnvironmental Evaluation per the NEAPG will be addressed in the next section on EArequirements

Page 10 of 17

EA Requiirementsfor the ERP

6.1 Agriculture

There are four primary areas of environmental concern in conjunction with theagricultural activities: water resources; vegetative cover and biodiversity; landdegradation and erosion; and pest and pesticide management. See Table 5.1 for a list ofimpacts and mitigation measures for this component. Although many of the irrigationactivities will be small using portable pumps or wells, other larger schemes, especiallythose involving agriculturall land expansion will have water extraction concerns. Issuesconceming pumnping rates to sustain specific crops, especially in the arid zones with lowwater tables and restrictecl aquifers, are at the forefront. The threat to declining watertables is also of concem in areas with significant wetlands. The hydrological potential ofspecific agro-ecological zories requires examination. Recent studies by the DepartMentof Water in the MLWE have addressed these issues on a broad scale in a waterresources and irrigation sector study.

The vegetative cover of much of the country today consists of little forest, much of thatbeing disturbed forest and brushland and shrubland. Riverine forest is under threat,although there is a GOE proclamation protecting this sensitive ecosystem. GOE hasattempted to sustain and rehabilitate many areas in the country by restricting use of'highland area and continuing in extensive reforestation programs. Establishment ofprotected areas has been proceeding with the establishment of several national parksand reservations.

Soil erosion and land degradation are evident throughout the extensive deforestedhighlands. Expanding farming onto steep slopes is increasing with the need to haveaccess to more land for the rural poor. Such activities have resulted in decreased soilfertility and loss of natural vegetation increasing soil erosion, sedimentation and siltationto receiving waters. Consiclerable effort into terracing and bunding continues in thesemicro-watersheds. Additional land degradation occurs even on the flat alluvial rich soilswith mechanized plowing if deep soil turnover exposes the land to potential runoff.Minimum till, shallow plowing, fast growing vegetative cover and contouring based ondrainage will reduce such impacts.

Crop protection remains a challenge to the agriculture sector. Pest management is animportant requirement in all the agro-ecological zones and environmental and human-health risks continue. Use of appropriate chemicals, application rates, proper storage,protective gear and chronic exposure present major concerns. Proper pest managementincluding Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is being promoted by the MOA throughstaff and farmer training in the Crop Protection Unit supported by several donors andtechnical assistance organizations (USAID, DANIDA, FAO). Extensive discussionsregarding this subject is available in Appendix 5, Pesticide Management Plan.

5.2 Infrastructure

Roads

Most road subprojects involve rural road rehabilitation rather than outright construction ofnew roads. Road rehabilitation or maintenance subprojects do not usually result in majorimpacts; however, this does not mean they should be exempt from environmentalassessment procedures during subproject,.planning. This is clearly addressed by the

Page I 1 of 17

Table 5.1 Typical Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Agriculture and Small-Scale Irrigation Subprojects

Environmental andSocial Components Impacts Mitigation Measures

Plhysical EnvironmentSoils Increase of soil erosion - Proper siting of irrigation subprojects; extension

* Soil waterlogging as a result of improper drainage and training in crop selection and agricultural* Increased salinization technology; careful design and appropriate

selection of irrigation systems; adequatedrainage, soil protection measures

Water Resources * Water quality degradation in ponds and reservoirs, siltation Control of agrochemical use; proper design of* Deoxygenation of receiving water canals; ;micro-watershed protection; soil* Clogging of canals from weeds stabilization; monitoring of water quality;

:njece ,,ei waier flow because of heavy sedimentation operation & maintenance plan; regional water* Degradation of water systems receiving irrigation waters by use plans

nutrients, agrochemicals and salts* Depletion of aquifers from overexploitation* Degradation of wetlands* Disturbances to flow regimes

Biological EhvlronmentNatural Habitats * Disturbance of natural habitats, environmentally sensitive Consideration of alternative sites; select

ecosyslems appropriate design and crops, avoid cutting* Disturbance to protected areas riverine corriders

Fauna and Flora * Disruption or destruction of wildlife Provision of corridors of habitat for movement of* Algal blooms, proliferation of aquatic weeds animals; expand protected areas

Social EnvironmentiHuman Health * Risk of waterbome diseases from artificial water flows Education in proper sanitation and health practices;

(schistosomiasis, malaria, etc.) avoidance of stagnant waters; adequate treatment* Disease transmission from human and animal waste deposits in of irrigation waters; careful management of

irrigation waters used on agriculture pesticides; integrated pest management (IPM)* Toxicity of pesticides programs; protection of canals from livestock

Human Communities * Involuntary resettlement loss of property Compensation; good consultation and participation* Conflicts over water use rights with affected communities; consideration of* Multiple land use demands on restricted water sources cumulative impacts* Political and social problems associated with upstream land use

and pollutant discharges

Table 5.2 Typical Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Rural and Access Road SubprojectsEnvironniental andSocial Components Impacts Mitigation MeasuresPlysical Environment

Soils * Erosion of lands downslope from roadbed or borrow areas Construction in dry season; protection of soil surfaces* Landslides, slips, and slurnps - during construction; revegetation or physicalstabilization of erodible surfaces

Water Resources * Creation of stagnant water pools Special attention to drainage; prevention of erosion;* Increased sediments into streams consideration of alternative alignments; retention ponds;* Clogging of drainage works proper disposal of oil and other hazardous materials* Decline in water quality* Increase in runoff and flooding conditions* Introduction of hazardous wastes

Air Quaiity * Dust during construction Dust control by water or other meansAcoustic Environment * Noise disturbance Restrict construction to certain hours

Biological EnvironmentNatural Habitats *Disturbance of natural habitats Consideration of altemative alignments or sites* Disturbance to protected areas (especially for new roads)Fauni and Flora * Disruption or destruction of wildlife Minimize loss of natural vegetation during construction;* Threats to rare and endangered species altemative alignments; various special measures for* Increased road kills because of higher speeds and traffic volume sensitive species

Social EnvironmentAesthetics and Landscape- * Marred landscapes Restoration of vegetation; cleanup of construction sites* DebrisHistorical/Cultural Sites * Degradation of sites Alternative alignments and/or sites* Disturbance to structures Special measures to protect cultural heritage sitesHuman Health * Transport of hazardous substances Regulation of transport of materials* Traffic accidents Safety designs (signage)

* Pedestrian accidentsHuman Communities * Involuntary resettlement Compensation as per OD 4.30* Social change (new roads)

* Loss of buildings, property, or economic iivelihood

Table 5.3 Typical Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Bridge and River Ford Suibprojects

Environniental andSocial Components Impacts Mitigation Measures

Plhysical EnvironnmentSoils * Degradation of riverbanks through excavation and erosion Protection during construction; erosion prevention

using plastic fencing; revegetation or physicalstabilization

Water Resources * Creation of stagnaht water pools Construction during dry season; minimized erosion* Increased sediments into streams of riverbanks; minimal disruption of natural* Decline in water quality streamflows* Changes to hydrological regime (e.g., increased flooding)* Introduction of hazardous wastes

Air Quaiity * Dust during construction Use of water to minimize dust generation

Biological EnvironmentNatural Habitats e Disturbance of natural habitats (especially aquatic) Careful siting (especially new structures)

Fauna and Flora * Loss or degradation of vegetation (including aquatic vegetation) Faunal inventories; no construction during* Disruption or destruction of wildlife (especially fish) breeding season* Disturbance to spawning aieas of fish (stream bottoms)- Threats to rare and endangered species

Social EnvironmentAesthetics and LandscapeL Marred landscapes Cleanup of construction sites

* Debris

Human Health * Traffic accidents Adequate regulation and signposting* Pedestrian accidents

Human Communities * Involuntary resettlement Coripensation as per OD 4.30* Loss of buildings, property, or economic livelihood

Table 5.4 Typical Impacts and Mitigation Measures in Small to Medium Manufacturing and Industry

Environmental andSocial Contponents Impacts Mitigation MeasuresPlhysical Environment

Air emissions Substitution of less volatile agents (e.g. aqueous' Particulates based solvents for organic solvents); removal of* Sulfur dioxide volatile pollutants from air emissions priot to* Nitrogen oxides release; adequate dilution of final waste products;* Lead exhaust hoods and ventilation systems should* Vapors which arise during the finishing process capture these losses - VOCs and heavy metals can* Vapors released directly to the atmosphere be recovered for re-use from exhaust streams by- Air emissions from the project being directed towards nearby carbon filtration; acid vapors can be scrubbed with

residential, institutional or educational locations. water prior to venting

Water discharge Minimize the "escape" of minor pollutants, such as* Heavy metals and other toxics can contaminate normal sewage dirt, oil, chemicals, other organic material, etc.

treatment works and/or water bodies receiving plant discharge from the project site by installing retention tanksLeachate into surface water or groundwater screens, etc.; collect solids and divert to authorized

* Temperature increase collection systems or to landfill; waste oil and* TSS, BOD, pH, COD other organic chemicals should be collected in* Oil and grease appropriate containers and stored safely until they

can be disposed properly; regeneration of theprocessing and treatment baths; further treatmentof dilute liquid wastes

Hazardous materials Use non-hazardous materials instead of hazardous;* Toxic substances proper disposal of these materials; store and label* Health impacts in appropriate containers; proper fire prevention

and secondary containment; treatment of diluteeffluent wastes to recover materials - such as ion-exchange columns, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltrationand electrodialysis; metal-bearing sludge can befiltered, pressed and dried - the dry sludge maycontain sufficient metals to make it usable to metalrecovery contractors.

Solid waste Reduction of solid waste volume should be* Toxic substances encouraged through avoidance of unnecessary* Health impacts packaging, re-use of materials, recycling of

materials, combustion where appropriate, beforefinal disposal. Hazardous wastes should be keptseparate from other wastes and disposed of only tosecure landfills/incinerators

Social EnvironmentHuman Health * Worker safety Within the workplace, reduce worker exposure to

v Toxic substances continuous noise levels; establish safety practices;* Health impacts protective equipment

Human Communities e Excessive ambient noise ievels If the project is within "hearing distance" ofE Toxic substances residential areas or other workplaces, then noiseE Health impacts emissions from the project needs to be controlled

Table 5.5 Typical Impacts and Mi gation Measures of Water Supply SubprojectsEnvironmental andSocial Components Inrpacts Mitigation MeasuresPlhysical Environment

Soils * Degradation of soil cover Protection during construction; revegetation orphysical stabilization

Water Resources * Contamination of water resources Adequate protection from livestock; minimal* Overexploitation of aquifers distance from human settlements and agricultural* Inadequate wastewater disposal areas; regional water use planning; proper* Introduction of hazardous wastes drainage near pumping stations; community* Creation of stagnant water pools participation; links to sanitation subprojects

COuSt: i`rvi rr.uea.at - Nuise uIshui'baiKx fruni pump siation if near a nome Siting studies

Biological EnvironmentNatural Habitats * Disturbance of natural habitats Siting studies

Fauna and Flora * Loss or degradation of vegetation Protection of vegetation during construction* Disruption or destruction of wildlife

Social EnvironmentAesthetics and Landscape * Marred landscapes Cleanup of construction sites

* Debris

Human Health ' Waterborne diseases Correct design and adequate training; testing* Chemical imbalances in delivery system procedures

Human Communities * Involuntary resettlement Compensation as per OD 4.30* Loss of buildings or property

LA Requiremenis jor Ihe Lh?

NEAPG in its screening process and evaluation procedures. Table 5.2 summarizes themost typical impacts and their mitigation measures.

Impacts from road rehabilitation may occur on-site during construction (erosion alongroad bed) or at nearby or remote areas such as quarries where construction material isbeing obtained or transporte!d. Impacts occurring during operation (for example, noisenuisance and safety hazards) should be considered if road upgrading significantlychanges traffic pattems adjacent to population concentrations of villages and towns.

In those instances where a new access road is to be built, especially in anenvironmentally sensitive areas as defined in the NEAPG, a full environmental impactassessment is generally in order. In addition, the MOPW, with the assistance of toeBank, is engaged in an overall upgrading of its EA capabilities with the addition of a fulltime environmental specialist in the Infrastructure Division. A technical capacity buildingeffort is underway that will also develop more appropriate EA screening, assessmentand mitigation provisions for the entire sector.

Bridges and River Fords

Typical small-scale bridge construction subprojects in the ERP include permanentstructures with a pier support bridge structure or a shore-to-shore suspension span.Construction materials include poured reinforced concrete, steel support beams, wood,or combinations of these materials. Table 5.3 shows some typical impacts of thesesubprojects.

Impacts during construction are usually associated with disturbance to banks andstreambeds. Erosion of streambanks may adversely affect aquatic habitats and waterquality locally and downstream. The use of heavy construction equipment in or nearwater bodies may result in hazardous substance contamination from fuel, lubricants, andgreases. Site restoration after construction, including revegetation of riverbanks, may berequired to minimize long-term impacts.

Power

The replacement and rehabilitation of the main Hirgigo - Massawa plant is arecompletion of a previously installed plant. Consequently, there are no new predictedimpacts form the previous project. The high voltage transmission lines were previouslyconstructed. There is no nevw concern regarding ROW cutting, digging etc.

Work on the Self-Contained Systems in the various towns is a simple process ofreplacing older equipment. T he standard EEQs will have to be completed by the Ministryfor this projects. The are not any expected impacts if the older material and parts aredisposed of'properly.

5.3 Private Sector Reconsi:ruction

Following is a brief description of the environmental risk considerations and the respectiverecommendations for environmental action or mitigation measures for the Loan Fund sub-component (see Table 5.4). Smaller loans and lending in an enterprise or industry inwhich the environmental impacts are expected to be negligible. This category does not

Page 12 of 17

EA Requwrements for the ERP

normally require further envirc,nmental analysis. However, there may be environmentalmeasures which may enhance the project through minor (low-cost) modifications in thedesign without reducing efficiency.

Small and medium size manufacturing and industrial units usually have minimalenvironmental impacts. Because of the wide range of possible manufacturing andindustrial activities which might fall under in this sub-component, it is important to usethe EEQs for this entire sector. Although smaller in scale, the types of impacts arisingfrom small-scale projects are similar to those arising from larger industrial units andindustrial estates.

Environmental impacts include air emissions, water discharge effluents, hazardouschemicals and wastes and solid wastes. A diverse collection of chemical outputs cancause serious environmental and human health risks. Occupational health and safety isalso of concem and requires evaluation.

Risk reduction takes the form of pollution prevention, changes in manufacturingprocessing, regeneration of processing and treatment chemicals, retaining tanks,reduction of waste material and recycling. When there is high exposure to specificpopulations or groups of people, interventions are requires to ensure human safety.

5.4 Social Protection

Minor Construction Subprojects for Housing and Health Units

Several small construction subprojects in terms of schools and health units are part ofthis component. It is rare that such small construction subprojects will cause significantimpacts. However, they should be screened for potential environmental considerationssuch as involuntary resettlement, contamination from waste materials duringc.onstruction, disturbances during construction (dust, noise, etc.), and environmentalcontamination during operation of the facilities (caused, for example, by inadequatesanitation facilities). Because of the scarcity of tress throughout much of the country,roof beam construction, traditionally relying of large Eucalyptus trunks, can besubstituted for with light, inexpensive and locally available steal beams. Potentialproblems associated with the handling and disposal of medical waste must beaddressed during the design of the health post and monitored during operation of thefacility.

Water Supply to Small Towns

The water supply subprojects supported by ERP will be underground pump anddistribution systems. Table 5.5 summarizes the most frequently encounteredenvironmental impacts of these water supply subprojects. Most of the environmentalconsiderations with regard to water supply subprojects involve avoiding watercontamination. Measures need to be taken to ensure initially goodowater quality. Duringoperation of the system, measures need to be taken to prevent contamination fromagricultural activities, grazing animals, and human settlements. Testing of the watersupply should be performed r,sgularly to detect any contamination to the system, and thisshould be done in conjunction with periodic chlorine treatment. Hence, proper training oftechnicians is critical to ensure that adequate maintenance occurs. There is no expecteddisplacement in terms of sitirig the water take-up. Noise and air pollution problems can

Page 13 of 17

EA Requirementsfor the ERP

arise during construction of the distribution network but these can be mitigated withsimple construction supervision practices.

Rural Roads

The EA requirements for this sub-component is the same as the road component underInfrastructure. In this case, the ECDF is responsible for screening and environmentalevaluation. ECDF. already uses the DOE EEQ and coordinates with MOPW. Contractorshave been fully aware of the EA requirements as part of their bid documentation.

Micro-credit

The amount of financing under this sub-component is very small and is dispersedthrough many village level intermediaries. There is no reason to believe that any of smallenterprises and activities to households will have any environmental impacts. Therefore,these entire collection of activities is considered a category C.

6. Environmental Assessment Requirements for the ERP

As discussed above, the cumrnt DOE procedures and guidelines satisfy World Bankpolicy requirements for EA and other associated policy objectives (e.g., Natural Habitats,Pesticides, and Forestry). Consequently, this section provides a detailed explanation ofhow the PlUs will undertake EA for respective components and sub-components andreport to the PMU. The following discussion provides a simplified step by step set ofactions, fully based on NEAGP.. These steps take the project sponsor or owner through:screening; environmental assessment or evaluation; . DOE reporting; and PMUmonitoring.

6.1 Project Screening and Classification

The first step is for the project sponsor or owner is to classify the project. The processfor determining project category type is presented in Table 6.1 The criteria for identifyingin what environmental category a project is assigned is defined. Specific environmentalassessment requirements, timin!g of these events, and responsible parties are identified.Finally, the possible environmental clearance outcomes are summarized. Table 6.2indicates, based on the general subproject types and potential environmental impacts,which PIU activities fall under environmental screening requirements. Specific projectcomponents and type are listed in more detail in Table 6.3. The NEAPG was used toalso generate Table 6.4, which assists the PIU understand where a project type will fallin terms of environmental assiessment and identifies specific EEQs by name andreference code. These evalutation questionnaires are available!on CIOMfrom DOE aswell as other Ministries. Each PIU needs to use these checklists td assist in identifyingwhat is the expected EA requirements based on actual in the field activities. DOEProject Screening Form - PSF- is required to be filled out (see appendix).

6.2 PIU Environmental Assessrnent Process

Table 6.5 illustrates the steps discussed in this section. It is critical to emphasize thateach PIU is responsible for ensuring that the NEAPG process is complied with. The ERP

Page 14 of 17

Table 6.1 Procedures for ProJect Screening and Classification

Project Screening Category A Category B Category CProceduresDeterminants Larger projects with Large to medium size Projects that do notfor Classifying potentially significant projects that could lead involve major changes toProjects negative environmental to significant negative the physical environment

impact< which are not environmental impacts and have minimal or noeasily predicted that can be usually negative environmental

reduced through use of impactsexisting designstandards and mitigation The project requires littlemeasures or no physical

intervention in theenvironment

Projects of similar typethat have beenimplemented undersimilar conditions withinthe past 5 years with noknown negativeenvironmental impacts

Environmental Full Environmental Impact Completion of an EEO No environmentalAssessment Assessnnent assessment beyondRequirements Subject to Environmental screening and can be

Evaluation before implemented without any__________________ _ ___________________ _ environmental clearance delay

Timing of EIA to b? conducted in Should take place asEnvironmental parallel with project soon as possible afterAssessment design and feasibility screeningOr Evaluation

Use existing informationand expertise -additional data requiredonly when significantpotential negative impactpredicted

Responsibility Project Owner or sponsor Project owner or sponsorFor with coordination by DOE with relevantEnvironmental Govemment agency (atAssessment Consulta:ion with any the Central or ZonalOr Evaluation potential affected level)

stakeholclers

Environmental EIA review by DOE toClearance determine adequacy Unconditional Clearance

Conditional ClearanceDOE forwards EIA to Environmentalstakeholders Objections

No EnvironmentalStakeholaler comments Clearance

DOE forwards EIA to IRC

Unconditional ClearanceConditional ClearancePostponed ClearanceNo EnvironmentalClearance .

Table 6,2 ERP Components and EnvironmentalScreening Requirements*

I.ERP PMU

Allklcultoral Component Social Prolecuionmtinistry of Aglriculture

Land Reaowces | | MechsedAg utre |mn B tu _ tr tu Mifo-Credit bedCmOD ProdrJetl ECOF Misby of Lou GImmmf e

IEducatbn

HeaMth

Water Sut t

Ilitreotmelt' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Prb tto Soctor Reconstruction

-n vsLo. ItEwW

i loade i Power

| LRehabifio | Massawa i4rglo |

I Bitdes § rBiarentu. Tassneny|

| Matw Access Ad-ua Ad Keioth

xlnac tic or Paymenqe

*flagged boxes represent those activities requiring Environmental Evaluation

Tabile 63 ERP Screening ChecklistEnvironmental

Assessment Approach'

PROJECT COMPONENT AND 1IYPE None EE EIA

AGRICULTURELand Resources & Crop Production

New agricultural projects involving clearance of naturalvegetation cover

Rehabilitating irrigation systems VReplacing irrigatiori pumps 'New or expanding irrigationConstruction of storage dams %/Diversion of river flowsGround water drilling 'Change in pesticide useAerial spraying

Mechanized AgriculturePlowing existing fields 'New agricultural projects involving clearance of natural '

vegetation coverNew or expanding irrigation '

Animal ResourcesSmall scale breeding & production 'Intensive livestock production 'When water access and/or storage planned refer to storage

darns, diversion of river flows & ground water drilling above

INFRASTRUCTURERoads

Road Rehabilitation < 5km 'vRoad Rehabilitation > 5kn /Bridges < lOm /Bridges> lOnm V'New Access Roads '

PowerElectricity generation stations < IOMW capacity 'Electricity generation stations > IOMW capacity 'High voltage electrical transmission lines vElectrical substations /

SOCIAL PROTECTIONConstruction of small-scale education facilities '/Construction of small-scale health facilities /All tertiary roads including feeder & ruralWater Supply to small towns %vMicro Credit VHousing V

PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTSmall loans and micro credit 'Larger loans for enterprise, manufacturing and industry V'

'EE stands for Environmenital Evaluation and EIA is Environmental Impact Assessment and are defined inthe National Environmental Assessment Procedures and Guidelines

Table 6A lRP Project Screening Requirements'

Project Eritrea Natfonal Environniental Assessment Requirements DOE EA ResponsibleComponent DOE EA Procedures & Guidelines induding Appendix A EEQs Agency or

. . . _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OroanizationoCategory A Category B | Category C _

AGRICULTURE _ _

Land New agricultural projects involving 3.4 a Ministry ofResources & clearance of natural vegetation cover AgricultureCropProduction Irrigation 3.4 b

Storage dams 3.1 a

Diversion of river flows 3.1 c

Ground water drilling 3.1 e

Change in pesticide use 3.4 c

Aerial spraying 3.5 a

Mechanized New agriculEural projects involving 3.4 a Ministry ofAgriculture clearance of natural vecetation cover Agriculture

Irrigation 3.4 bAnimal Intensive livestock production 3.4 a Ministry ofResources Agriculture

When water access and/or storage plannedrefer to storage dams, diversion of riverflows & ground water drilline above _

INFRASTRUCTURERoadsRoad All tertiary roads including feeder & rural" 1.2 b Ministry ofRehabilitation _ _ Public WorksBridges Bridges over lOm in length Bridges 1.2 d Ministry of

_________________ __ _ .under lOm Public WorksNew Access All primary & secondary All tertiary roads including feeder & rural 1.2 b Ministry ofRoads roads' Public WorksTechnical All pnmary & secondary Ministry ofServices roads .. Public Works

PowerMassawa Elecuticity generation High voltage electrical transmission lines 2.3 b Ministry ofHirgigo Power stations> IOMW capacity EnergyRehabilitation

Berentu, Electncity generation Electrical substations 2.3 c Ministry ofTesseney, stations > I OMW capacity EnergyWesternEritreageneratorreplacementAdi-Quala, Electrical substations 2.3 c Ministry ofAdi Keith, EnergySenafeelectricalpower systemrepairs _ ._._ . _. _SOCIAL PROTECTION _

Education Construction ECDFI j ~~~~~~~~~~~of small-scaleeducationfacilities

Health Construction ECDFof small-scale health

__________________________________________ facilities

Access Roads All tertiary roads including feeder & rural Ministry of___________________________________ ___________ Public W orks

Water Supply Ground water drilling 3.1 e ECDF

Micro Credit Category B ECDFNotavailable

Housing Category B Ministry ofNot Local Housing

._____________ _________________________ ______________ ___________________________ _____ av ailab lePRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTSupport for No guidance CBE,HCBE.Affected availab!e EDIBEnterprises

Loan Fund Mitneral processing, Recycling metal, non-metal waste & scrape 2.2 a tBE, HCBE,reduction of ores & minerals Metal fabrication & finishing 2.2 b EDIB

Foundries producing <10 Tlday 2.2 cSmelting & refining of orus Brick & earthernware < I T/day 2.2 dFoundries producing > Cement works & lime processing 2.2 elOT/day Tanneries 2.2 j

Abattoirs & meat-processing plants 2.2 kBrick & earthenware Brewing & malting 2.2 mmanufacture with Bulk grain 2.2 nproduction of >IT/day Fish processing 2.2 o

Pulp & paper mills<5T/day 2.2 pCement works & processing Food processing 2.2 qwith production of > Assembly of motorized vehicles 2.2 rIOT/day Aircraft or railway repair or construction 2.2 s

Rubber manufacturing & processing 2.2 tGlass worksFertilizer plants Fiberglass, sheet-metal, polyplastic tanks & 2.2 uExplosive plants reservoir manufacturing

Oil refineries & Plastic manufacture 2.2 vpetrochemnical

Mechanical workshops employing < 50 2.2 wChemical plants persons in industrial zone or < 10 personsPulp & paper mills >5T/day outside industrial zone

Paint processing & paintshops 2.2 xTextile plants 2.2 yPrinting 2.2 zBattery production & recycling 2.2 aa

Prepared by K. Green, Environmental Specialist and Consultant to ERP, September 2001

i This checklist contains those projects that are most likely to be included as part of the ERP portfolio and is a selected set from theDepartment of Environment EA Procedures, Guidelines and Environmental Evaluation Questionnairesii All Category A projeCts require a full EIA as required in the EA Procedures & Guidelines, Chapter5. Category B followEnvironmental Evaluation Questionnaires that are separate guidance questions available from DOE on a CDRom.'i Eritrean Community Development Fund (ECDF), Commercial Bank of Eritrea (CBE), Housing & Commerce Bank of Eritrea(HCBE), Eritrea Development & Ihvestment Bank (EDIB)J Tertiary roads are feeder and rural rcads connecting villages or sub-zonal capitals-with primary and secondary roads, or with zonalcapitals. Also includes roads connectingt villages between them with length estimated atv Primary roads handle a significant traffic load, and many have international role and have carriage way of 7m with shoulders of1.5m. Secondary roads connect regions or connect important economical and political centers, some bituminous and others graveled

Table 6.5 Einvironmental Assessment Process for the ERP

PIU Pfoiect FormulatlonObjective: Ensure that environmental issues are considered at the earliest stage of the subprojectActions: * Provide technical assistance directly to subproject formulators when necessary, or direct them to

qualified specialist who can help in subproject formulation* Ensure impacts and mitigation measures are considered by project sponsor

4 JP

Enilronmental AssessmentObjective: Ensure that environmental impacts have been analyzed and appropriate mitigation measures

designedActions: * Screen proposals to classify projects according to NEAPG

DOE Prtject Screening FormnPSF• Carry out either an EIA for Category A projects or an Enviromnental Evaluation for Category B* Submit appropriate forms and information to Department of Environment

Category A - EIA and EMPCategory B - EEQ

DOE AoDroval

Objective: Review by DOE of EIA or EEQActions: * Once project has been screened and any necessary environmental impact assessment or

evaluation has been completed, project can be approved* In some cases approval may be denied if the environmental assessment is incomplete or

inadequate

Category A EHA* Prepare and submit EIA and EMP to DOE* DOE and relevant Government agency complete adequacy review

Review of Adequacy of Content and Structure of an Environmental Assessment Report/PEARAssessment of Adequacy of Content and Structure of an Environmental Management Plan/PEMPR

* Review of EIA and EMP by stakeholders of concern and Impact Review CommitteeIRC• Formal approval recorded in Project Environmental Impact Review Clearance Form /EIRCF sent to project sponsor

Category B Environmental Evaluatiod,* Complete Form DOE/EECF to record the evaluation decision* Submit Form to DOE or zonal branch along with copies of EE Repon (EEQ responses)* Recommended environmental clearance is automatic unless written disagreement is received from DOE or its zonal

branch office within 10 working days of receipt of Form DOEIEECF

EA Requirements for the ERP

believes that each PILl, with its own staff, can undertake the EA process. The PIU is firstrequired to ensure thaet the environmental issues are considered at the earliest stage ofsubproject identification and formulation. Reference to the generic discussions inprevious sections, checklists if impacts and mitigation measures and specificenvironmental evaluation questionnaires will prove sufficient for this to be accomplished.Remember, that the screening and categorization determine whether an EIA or EEQ isthe appropriate proceclure to follow. It is emphasized that the requirement to undertakeEMAs, category A, will be the exception in most ERP components.

When the appropriate! procedures are finished, the PIU completes the appropriateEnvironmental Evaluation 'Questionnaire. The answers are submitted to D*OE forapproval. In the rare situation when a full EIA is required, the PIU must refer to theNEAPG document for dietailed requirements on hoe to scope and conduct the EIA. TheEIA and EMP must be submitted to DOE.

Category A Apporoval Process

In general, the Category EIA review process will take some time. Both DOE and therelevant Government agency complete an adequacy review. The results are formalizedin the Review of Adequacy of -Content and Structure of an EnvironmentalAssessment Report/'EIAR and the Assessment of Adequacy of Content andStructure of an Environmental Management Plan/PEMPR, (see appendix).

The EIA and EMP are also reviewed by stakeholders of concem and an Impact ReviewCommittee (IRC). Once these measures are satisfied, formal approval is recorded in theProject Environmental Impact Review Clearance Form /EIRCF (see appendix).

Category B Approval Process

The Environmental Impact Review Clearance Form/EECF is completed to record thePIU evaluation decision. This form is submitted to the DOE or zonal branch along withcopies of the EE Report. Recommended environmental clearance is automatic unlesswritten disagreement is received from DOE or its zonal branch office within 10 workingdays of receipt of Fom, DOE/EECF. Since most of the ERP projects that requireenvironmental evaluation are predicted to be Category B, Table 6.6 should be used as amore detailed checklist to help the PIU identify which sector and project type needs to beconsulted. This table also shows the entire list of sectors and projects, with the keyrelevant ERP EEQs highlighted.

6.3 Private Sector Reconstruction Component

The small loans and micro-credit of the Affected Enterpvres subcomponent aregenerally considered as Category C projects and consequently have no EArequirements. However, before approving a Loan under the Loan Fund subcomponent,the Fl is expected to verify, either through their own staff, outside experts, or DOE, thatthe EA approach is appropriate and all obligations of NEAPG are fulfilled.

For investment projects which involve low level of regular emissions or accidentalemissions, an EEQ would normally suffice. Such limited environmental assessment wouldbe recommended in cases which may simply require specifying well-defined mitigation

Page 15 of 1 7

Table 6.6 Caltegory B Project Screening -

Environmental Evaluation Process

1. Refer to National Environmental Assessment Procedures and Guidelines - Appendix A

" The project is screened, by identifying proper project sector and type, by relevant GovemmentAgency based on the project sector and type

* Three major sectors - Planning, Industrial and Natural Resource with thirteen project types

2. ProJect Owner and Relevan7t Govemment Agency Complete AppropriateEnvironmental Evaluation OQuestionnaire (EEO) in a Report Form

Planning Sector Projects Natural Resources Sector* Urban Planning Projects• Transportation a Dams, Rivers & Water Resources

Tertiary roads Small damsBridges larger than 10 meters River flow or flood control

* Waste Disposal Drilling for ground water* Biodiversity Conservation

Industrial Sector Projects a Forestry* Mining Timber harvesting, new* Processing & Manufacturing plantations & afforestation

Industries * AgricultureSmall-scale Industrial Clearance of natural vegetation

• Electrical Infrastructure & intensive livestock* Hydrocarbons production

Shift from rain-fed to irrigationChange in pesticide use

* Aerial Spraying* Fishery

* the key relevant ERP EEQs are highlighted

3. Relevant Govemment Agency completes Forn DOE/EECF

• Form DOEIEECF records the evaluation decision* Submit Form to DOE or zc,nal branch along with copies of EE Report (EEQ responses)* Recommended envirotimentat clearance is automatic unless written disagreement is

submitted by DOE or its zonal branch office within 10 working days of receipt of FormDOEIEECF

EA Reqzaremenis for the ERP

measures such as generally available standard operating practices or measuresspecifically prescribed by law. It is suggested that the owner seek advise of anenvironmental expert to make such determinations and fill out the required forms.

If a full environmental assessment is required, it should be prepared by the borrower. inparallel with the techno-ec:onomic feasibility study of the project. The full environmentalassessment would normgilly require that a borrower uses services of environmentalspecialists. The profile and job description for an environmental specialist is provided inAnnex E. While preparing the environmental assessment the environmental specialistshould specifically describe remedial measures to mitigate the negative environmentalimpact. The cost of such mitigation measures should be included in the environmentalassessment report. The environmental impact mitigation measures should them beincorporated to become an integral part of the investment project proposed. The loanamount should be increased to include the financing covering the cost of mitigationmeasures.

To ensure proper adherence to NEAGP and Bank policy, the environmental assessmentprocess for the Loan Fund comprises the following steps:

Step 1: The borrower, in collaboration with a consultant if so desired, undertakes environmentalscreening of the investment project at the same time technical and financial analyses are prepared.Following informal discussicins with the relevant Ministry and DOE, the borrower prepares theProject Screening ForrmPSF and determines the category of the investment.

Step 2: The relevant Ministry and DOE screen the investment project and confirms to the borrower theenvironmental category.

Step 3: Once the project is screened, it is the responsibility of the borrower, or its environmentalconsultants, to undertake an EIA or EEQ. The borrower is required to initiate the clearanceprocess with the relevant authorities in Asmara.

Step 4: The DOE reviews the environmental assessment that has been submitted and reports itsfindings to the borrower. The DOE provides its clearance once the environmental analysis is judgedto be satisfactory.

Step 5: The borrower incorporates the recommendatons provided in the EIA or EEQ into the investmentproject design and implementation plan, including the estimated costs.

Step 6: The borrower finalizes the loan package, including the relevant environmental documentation,and submits it to the PIU for its final appraisal.

Step 7: Approvals and clearances of the environmental assessment process are verified by the PIUbefore loan effectiveness.

Step 8: The PIU includes an environmental assessment certification form to the PMU as part of the loanportfolio summary.

6.4 PIU EA Reporting and PMU Monitoring

The PMU will include in its quarterly reports a section on EA status. This section will bebased on the' quarterly PIU EA Reporting Form shown below. The section for thisinformation is already under "8.0 Other Activities", 8.1 Environmental Impact Analysis.

Page 16 of 17

EA Requirementsfor the ERP

The section name will be changed to Environmental Assessment Status beginning FourthQuarter Report October - December 2001.

FIU EA Reporting Form for the PMU

O List any projects undergoing environmental screening.

O List any projects that are completing an EIA or EEO EIA

O EE

O Provide copy of any EIA, EMP or EE to PMU

o Provide copy oDf any environmental certification forms

6.5 Bank Prior and Post-Review

Environmental evaluations and review procedures will be subject to ad-hoc review byWorld Bank supervision missions. Individual projects will be reviewed by Bank staffaccording to the same criteria clefined in this document. The review of evaluations willensure that the work was of satisfactory quality, stakeholder participation took place whenappropriate, the appropriate recommendations were made, all documentation wasproperly filed and recorded, and that the conditions of approval conceming environmentalassessment as prescribed by NEAPG were met.

6.6 Disclosure Requirements

The ERP will undertake several actions to ensure proper disclosure of this EA Report.First, a copy of the report will be filed for public access and review at the Eritrea WorldBank office, the DOE and at the ERP office. The ERP will place a notification about theavailability of these reports and l:heir locations and access times and include a date andtime to conduct a open forum discussion of the EA Report. This forum will be alsoannounced on national radio ancl posted in all PIU offices. The forum will be coordinatedby ERP with assistance by a proftessional facilitator that will allow for audience questions.

Page 17 of 17

Date of Evaluation

Record of environmental evaluation decision

Project Categorisation (Circile appropriate category)

1 Unconditional Environmental Clearance

2 Conditional Enviror mental Clearance

3 Environmental Objections (Referral for full EIA)

4 No Environmental Clearance

(A justification of the Environmental Clearance Decision should be providedbelow)

Environmental Evaluation Decision Registration at Department of Environment

Date Evaluation Decision Sent to Department of Environment

Signature and Seal of Evaluation Agent

Date

Department of Environment Response to Environmental Clearance Decision

Response

A No objection

B Objection

Date written objection sent to relevant Government agency

Responsibility for preparation of written elaboration of objection

Name

Date written elaboration sent to relevant Government agency

Justification of Categorisalion (Summary of Main Points):

Project Environniental Impact Review Clearance Forn(DoE/EIRCF)

Project Details

Project Name

Project Number

Date of Registration

Environmental impact review Details

Date of Impact Review Committee Meeting

Composition of Impact Review Committee

Chairman Department of Enviroriment

Committee Members

Documents Reviewed by Committee

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

Environmental Management Plan (draft)

file://C:\eeq\impact review form.htrn 9/9;2001

Comments from Stakeholders (list all below)

Response from Project Owner _

Names of Stakeholders making Comments

Record of environmental impact review committee decision

Project Categorisation

(Circle appropriate category)

A, Unconditional Environmental Clearance

B, Conditional Environmental Clearance (Project requires minor changes)

C, Postponed Environmental Claarance (Environmental Objections, thus project requiresextensive redesign)

D, No Environmental Clearance (Project presents unacceptable environmental risk)

Record justification for category

Registration of environmental impact review committee

DECISION AT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT

file://C:\eeq\impact review form.htn 9/9/2001

Date Impact Review Commiltee (IRC) Decision sent to Department of Environment

Signature and Seal of IRC Chairman

Date

Justification of Review Categorisation

(Summary of Main Points)

Top Of This Page

Environmenf.al Evaluation Question an aire Home

fileI//IAeten\imn2rnt re'view fnrm htm Qifl

Proforma for REVIEW OF ADEQUACY OFCONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF AN

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTR]EPORT (DoE/PEIAR)

Adequacy Assessment

Report Section

Adequate Incomplete Inadequate Not applicable

General Layout: OLI E l_ __ _ _ _ __ LI

Cover Page El El

Executive Summary El El E

Table of Contents O3 E l.

Introduction O L OO

Administrative, Policy and El O I El LILegal Requirements _

Consideration of Impactsof Alternatives

a) Description of sources L LI L LIof impacts

b) Description of impact I L L Leffects

c) Assessment of impact LI LI L LIsignificance I

d) Evaluation of LI LIalternatives__ ... ._

Definition of Technical I L L LIOTerms

file://C:\eeq\PEIAR -EIA review forTn.htm 9/9/2001

List of Main Contributors E U r O

to Report

Bibliography (references, U U 0 Oother data sources andpersonal communications)

Appendices (including U U O UToR)

Record of Consultation: O U U U

a) List of third parties U U U Ucontacted

b) Record of stakeholder U:1 U U Uconsultation

Conclusion and U U U 0Recommendations

Top Of This Page

Environmental Eval uation Questionanaire Home

file://C:\eeq\PEIAR -EIA review forn.htm 9/9/2001

Proforma for .Assessment of Adequacy of Contentand Structure of an environmental Management

Plan (DoE/PEMPR)

Adequacy Assessment

Report Section

Adequate Incomplete Inadequate Notapplicable

Brief Description of the E 1 El0 1Proposed Project: .J

Mitigation Activities:

List of Proposed Mitigation | ElActivities IiIgt1

For each ProposedMitigation Activity(photocopy foim asnecessary)

file:/iC:\eeq\PEMTR- review checklist.htm 9/9/2001

(i) Description of Activity L LI El El

(ii) Responsibility for l El 1 l Iimplementation _(iii) Timeframe for El l OImplementation

(iv) Estimated Cost of El El LI O Mitigation

(v) Predicted Impact of O Li | ElMitigation

(vi) Responsibility for Oi El ElMonitoring J(vii) Responsibility for l El E lAction after Non-compliance __ _ _ __ _ _

Top Of This Page

Environmental EvalualtiOl Questionanaire Home

file://C:\eeq\PEMPR- review checklist.htm 9/9/2001