world food security, pastoralism and governance reflections on global food security governance and...
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World Food Security, Pastoralism and GovernanceReflections on global food security governance and participation in the wake of the 2007-2008 food price spikes
“Governing global food security: The 2007-8 global food price rise and afterwards”
Political Economy of Food City University, London
March 7, 2011Jessica Duncan ([email protected])
AcronymsCAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture
Development Programme
CAP Common Agricultural Policy (EU)
CFA Comprehensive Framework for Action
CFS Committee on World Food Security
CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research
CSM Civil Society Mechanism
CSO Civil Society Organization
EC European Commission
EU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
GAFSP Global Agriculture Food Security Program
GSF Global Strategic Framework (for the CFS)
HLPE High Level Panel of Experts (to the CFS)
HLTF UN High Level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
MDG Millennium Development Goals
RAI Principles for Responsible Agricultural Investment
SRRTF Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food
UCFA Updated Comprehensive Framework for Action
UN United Nations
UNCTAD UN Conference on Trade and Development
VG Voluntary Guidelines
WB World Bank
WFP World Food Programme
WTO World Trade Organization
Structure of the Presentation World Food Security Policy:
What has happened since 2007?
Reform of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS)
Civil Society Mechanism Review of Pastoralist
constituency Global Gathering of Women
Pastoralists CFS Reform within the context
of Global Governance
World Food Security PolicyDate Lead Event/Act Output
2008 World Economic Forum
Global Agenda Council on Food Security
Global Agenda Council Food Security Report
April 2008 UN Establish High Level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis
Comprehensive Framework for Action (2009) Updated 2010
June 2008 UN High-Level Conference on Food Security and the challenges of bio-energy
Declaration of the High-Level Conference on World Food Security: The Challenges of Climate Change and Bioenergy
July 2008 G8 G8 Summit Hokkaido Toyako, Japan
Leaders Statement on Global Food Security.Tasked a G8 Experts Group on Global Food Security.
September 2008
High Level Event on the MDGs
Date Lead Event/Act Output
October 2008
FAO/CFS Committee on World Food Security 34th Session
Final Report of the34th Session of the CFS Agenda Item V was CSO participation Agenda Item VI was a proposal to Strengthen the CFS to meet new challenges
November 2008
FAO FAO Conference 35th (Special) Session
Follow-up to the Independent External Evaluation of FAO.
January 2009
UN and Spain
High Level Meeting on Food Security for All
Final Statement
January 2009
World Economic Forum
Fresh Solutions for Food Security
May 2009 UN CSD-17 Final Text
July 2009 G8 L’Alquila Summit
“L’Aquila” Food Security Initiative “L’Aquila” Joint Statement on Global Food Security
World Food Security PolicyDate Lead Event/Act Output
2009 G8/WB Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP) Trust Fund
Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP) Trust Fund
September 2009
UN/USA Partnering for Food Security Side Event at 64th Session on UN General Assembly
Partnering for Food Security: Moving Forward
October 2009
UN High-Level Expert Forum, How to Feed the World in 2050
October 2009
FAO 35th Session of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS)
Reform Document of the CFS
November 2009
Civil Society
People’s Food Sovereignty Forum
Final Declaration
November 2009
FAO Summit on World Food Security
Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security
January 2010
Regions Food Summit
Summit of World’s Regions on Food Security
January 2010
March 2010
Global Conference on Agricultural Research for Development
Date Lead Event/Act Output
May 2010 HLTF Consultation to update the CFA
Updated CFA
June 2010 G8 G8 Summit Muskoka
June 2010 Mayor of Rome and WFP
Meeting to endorse a the framework for Scaling up Nutrition (presented at the 2010 Spring Meetings of the IMF and WB)
September 2010
Various Proposition: Scaling-Up Nutrition
A Road Map for Scaling-Up Nutrition (1st draft)
September 2010
UN High Level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly
Outcome document
October 2010
CSO CSO Consultation in Advance of the CFS
Civil Society Mechanism for the CFS
October 2010
FAO-CFS 36th Session of the CFS Final Report
October 2010
APEC First APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security
Niigata Declaration on APEC Food Security
Committee on World Food Security
• 1974: Established upon recommendation of the World Food Conference – Response to 1970s food crisis
• 2009: 35th Session of the CFS: Reform process initiated– Goal of reform was to focus vision and role in the
coordination of efforts to ensure global food security
• 2010: 36th Session = first of the Renewed CFS
Key Actors and Organizations• CFS is made up of 192 Member Governments, participants
(i.e., Civil Society Organizations, NGOs, Private Sector) and observers– They make up the Plenary
• Bureau: Executive Arm (12 countries, 2 per region)• Advisory Group: UN Bodies, CSOs/NGOs; International
Agricultural Research Bodies; International Financial and Trade Institutions; Private Sector/Philanthropic Foundations
• High Level Panel of Experts: Steering Committee and Roster of Experts
• Secretariat: Permanent, located in Rome and includes member of IFAD, and WFP
CFS Reform: Key Points• The vision of the reformed CFS:
– Central decision-making and discussion forum for food security within the UN
– Work in a coordinated manner in support of country led processes that lead to food security.
• Using a phased approach CFS will:– Coordinate a global approach to food security – Promote policy convergence– Support and advise countries and regions– Coordinate at national and regional levels– Promote accountability and share best practices – Develop a global strategic framework for food security and nutrition
• From http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-home/cfs-about/en/
Key Issues Addressed by the CFS
• At the 36th Session, 3 policy roundtables were presented:1. Addressing Food Insecurity in Protracted Crises: Issues and
Challenges;2. Land Tenure and International Investment in Agriculture; and,3. Managing Vulnerability and risk to promote better food security and
nutrition. • Discussions on Mapping FS initiatives and the development of a
GSF• Session on global developments relevant to food security and
nutrition • HLPE undertake studies on: Land tenure and international
investment in agriculture; and, Price volatility• CFS to decide on Land Tenure and Investment (RAI & VG)
Civil Society Mechanism
• CSM facilitates the participation of CSOs and NGOs in the CFS, including input in negotiations and decision-making
• Provides a space for dialogue between a wide-range of civil society actors
• Made up of a Coordination Committee (CC) comprised of 40 focal points from 11 constituencies and 16 sub-regions
Sub-Regions(Total of 16, x1 focal point each)
North America South East AsiaCentral America & Caribbean Central AsiaAndean Region Oceania and PacificSouthern Cone Southern AfricaWestern Europe West AfricaEastern Europe East AfricaWest Asia Central AfricaSouth Asia North Africa
Constituencies(Total of 24, x2 focal points each)
Agricultural & food workers NGOs
Artisanal fisherfolk Smallholder family farmers (4 focal points)
Consumers Urban poorPastoralists WomenIndigenous Peoples YouthLandless
What is Pastoralism?
• Pastoralism is a socio-cultural and economic way of living that relies on rearing livestock on marginal lands and is sustained through migration– Includes nomadism and transhumance
• Animals include cattle, yaks, sheep and goats, horses and donkeys, camels (both one- and two-humped), llamas and alpacas, and reindeer
Why a Global Gathering?
• The goal of the Gathering was to contribute to the empowerment of women pastoralists in order for them to participate equitably in decision-making within their communities, governments and other local, national, regional and international forums, whilst also raising awareness of the specific challenges faced by women pastoralists in shifting social, economic and ecological environments.
Why pastoralists, why women, why India?
• Pastoralism, notably mobile pastoralism, is the most viable form of production and land use for most of the world’s fragile drylands. Yet it is under increasing legal, economic, social and political threat
• Women play a crucial role within pastoralist communities• India’s pastoralist population of approximately 100
million, come from diverse cultural groups and rear a variety of livestock. – Women have traditionally played key roles in the communities– Changes in India: White Revolution; Forest Rights Act
Top Priorities
• Representation• Communication and Networking• Education, Training and Capacity Building• Advocacy• Development
Key Outcomes: Global Gathering of Women Pastoralists
• Mera Declaration• Action Plan (2011-2013)• Global network of pastoralist women• Enhanced networks and communication• Awareness building (media)• Advocacy (links to Mera Declaration)
• e.g., presented at UNPFII
• Election of 2 CSM Focal PointsNext Steps: Working on regional-level follow up
Global Governance and the CFS
• Governance is the process of governing. It is the way in which society is managed and how the competing priorities and interests of different groups are reconciled. It includes the formal institutions of government but also informal arrangements.
• Governance is concerned with the processes by which citizens participate in decision-making, how government is accountable to its citizens and how society obliges its members to observe its rules and laws.
• Governance comprises the mechanisms and processes for citizens and groups to articulate their interests, mediate their differences, and exercise their legal rights and obligations. It is the rules, institutions, and practices that sets limits and provides incentives for individuals, organizations and firms.
• FAO. 2009. Discussion Paper: Towards Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land and Other Natural Resources. FAO: Rome
We can also add the rules and practices that set limits and incentive for governments.
Common Characterists of Global Goverance
• Pluricentric rathen than unicentric• Networks play an important role• Networks function to organize relations between
relatively autonomous but interdependent actors• Within contemporary governance systems,
relations between actors pose risks and uncertainties. Sectors have developed institutions to support cooperation and reduce risk
– Van Kersbergen and Van Waarden (2005:151)
Trends in Global Governance
• Vertical shifts – Downward (Nation state or international bodies to
regional actors or sub-national level) – Upward (Nation state to International Institution
with supra-national structure)• Horizontal shifts– Executive and legislative powers to judiciary – Public to Semi-Public or Private Sector
• Network Governance
Useful Links• Committee on World Food Security (CFS) Home Page:
http://www.fao.org/cfs/en/ • Reform Document of the CFS:
http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/cfs/Docs0910/ReformDoc/CFS_2009_2_Rev_2_E_K7197.pdf
• Civil Society for the Committee on World Food Security (CFS4CSO): http://cso4cfs.org/
• Global Food Security and Nutrition Dialogue: http://foodnutgov.ning.com/
• Civil Society Mechanism: http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/019/k9215e.pdf
• Report on the Civil Society Consultation (with an explanation of the CSM): http://cso4cfs.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/cso-final-report-_-en1.pdf
• Network of Women Pastoralists: www.womenpastoralists.com• World Alliance of Mobile Indigenous Peoples: www.wamip.org
Questions? Comments? Want to get [email protected]
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