world geography unit 1. what is geography? the study of the distribution and interaction of physical...
TRANSCRIPT
World GeographyUnit 1
What is Geography?
• The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth.
Geography Today
• Satellites
• Landsat – series of satellites that orbit more than 100 miles above the earth. Picks up data as it orbits the earth.
GIS
• Geographic Information Systems- – Database of geographic information used to solve
problems.– Includes satellite images – GPS?
How do you make maps?
• Cartographer- Mapmaker
• Surveying- Field Survey
Maps & Globes
• Globe – Is the three-dimensional representation of the earth
Maps – Are two-dimensional representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface.
Map Projection – is a way of drawing the earth’s surface that reduces distortion caused by representing a round earth on a flat paper.
Scale• Large Scale - used when maps show a smaller
area but with more detail.
• Small Scale – Used to show large areas but without much detail.
Reading Maps
• Compass Rose?• Legend – lists and explains the use of color on the
map.• Lines of latitude tell the distance north and south
of the Equator.• Lines of longitude tell distance east and west of the
Prime Meridian.• Scale - ratio between a unit of length on the map
and a unit of distance on the earth.
Special Lines of latitude
• 0 degrees – Equator • 23 ½ degrees north – Tropic of Cancer• 23 ½ degrees south – Tropic of Capricorn • 66 ½ degrees north – Arctic Circle • 66 ½ degrees south – Antarctic Circle
Lines of Longitude• Prime Meridian – 0 degrees
Often called the international date line on the other side of the world
Every 15 ˚ east or west is equal to 1 hour.
Location…Location…Location
• Absolute location – the exact place on earth where a geographic feature is. (Latitude, Longitude)
• Example – City.
• Relative location – describes a place in comparison to other places around it.
Practice finding locations!!!!
Mental Maps
• A Mental Map is a map that is in your mind.
Map Distortion
• Any time you stretch a round surface into a flat one the picture on it will become Distorted!!!!!
• 2 volunteers!
Distorted at the poles and somewhat compressed near the equator.
•Useful as marine navigation charts.
Is the projection most commonly used in text books!!!
Polar Projection
Shows exactly ½ of the Earth
Helpful for Airplane pilots.
Using Different Types of Maps
• Physical Maps - help you see the types of landforms and bodies of water found in a specific area.
• Political Maps - show features on the earth surface that humans created (cities, states, provinces, territories, or countries).
• When would you need each type of map?
Thematic maps
• All of these maps focus on specific types of information!!– Climate– Vegetation – Natural Resources– Population density and distribution – Economic activities– Language – Ethnicity – Precipitation – Vegetation
Population Distribution and Density: Density - How many people per sq. mi. or km. Distribution - Pattern of where people live
Economic Activity: shows what people do for a living
Resource: Shows Natural Resources
Language: Tells where in the world languages are spoken.
Ethnicity: Shows where in the world different races or ethnicities are located.
Climate: Will tell how what the weather is like over a period of time in a certain area.
Precipitation: Shows how much precipitation falls in the mapped area.
Vegetation: Shows types of vegetation……ex Trees.
Qualitative Maps
Qualitative Maps – use colors, symbols, dots, or lines to help you see patterns related to a specific idea.
CartogramsEach country is drawn in proportion to the data rather than land size
Flow-Line Maps•Illustrate movement of people, goods, ideas, animals, or even glaciers.
•Usually over a set period of time
Reasons Why maps change
Knowledge:
Map of Columbus’ time
•Satellite Images
Place Names:
Formosa, Taiwan, Republic of China
Palestine, Israel, West Bank, Gaza, Occupied Territories.
Boundaries:Africa – 1914 , 1990’sEuropean colonial rule
Europe Before WWII Europe After WWII
Russia and the former Soviet Union
Middle East – Before 1948; after 1967
Perspectives of place names:Arabian Gulf vs. Persian Gulf
Sea of Japan vs. East Sea
Middle East vs. North Africa and Southwest Asia
Disputed Areas:Korea
Western Sahara
Former Yugoslavia
Kashmir – Pakistan: Muslim India: Hindu