world health day 2011
TRANSCRIPT
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONAT A GLANCE…..The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on April 7, 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization, which was an agency of the League of Nations.[1]
WHY THIS THEME?
WHO SAYS;
We live in an era of medical breakthroughs with new wonder drugs available to treat conditions that a few decades ago, or even a few years ago in the case of HIV/AIDS, would have proved fatal. For World Health Day 2011, WHO will launch a worldwide campaign to safeguard these medicines for future generations. Antimicrobial resistance and its global spread threaten the continued effectiveness of many medicines used today to treat the sick, while at the same time it risks jeopardizing important advances being made against major infectious killers.
Previous world health days
In 1948, the first world health assembly called for the creation of A "world health day" to mark the founding of the world health organization.
Since 1950, world health day has been celebrated on the 7th of April annually. Each year A theme is selected for world health day that highlights A priority area of concern for WHO.
World health day is A worldwide opportunity to focus on key public health issues that affect the international community. World health day launches longer-term advocacy programme that continue well beyond 7 April.
PREVIOUS THEMES AT A GLANCE….2010: URBANIZATION AND HEALTH - 1000 CITIES, 1000 LIVES
2009: MAKE HOSPITALS SAFE IN EMERGENCIES
2008: PROTECTING HEALTH FROM CLIMATE CHANGE
2007: INTERNATIONAL HEALTH SECURITY
2006: WORKING TOGETHER FOR HEALTH
2005: MAKE EVERY MOTHER AND CHILD COUNT
2004: ROAD SAFETY
2003: SHAPE THE FUTURE OF LIFE
2002: MOVE FOR HEALTH
2001: MENTAL HEALTH: STOP EXCLUSION, DARE TO CARE
Why AMR is a global concern?
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) kills
Challenges care and control of infectious diseases
Greatly increases care costs
Threatens a return to the pre-antibiotic era
Jeopardizes healthcare gains for individuals and society
Compromises health security, damages trade and economy
Lack of coherent approaches to prevention and containment
AMR: a major challenge
Tuberculosis (TB): 440,000 new multidrug resistance (MDR) TB cases annually; extensively drug resistance (XDR) TB cases reported in 64 countries so far
Malaria: Emergence of Artemisinin resistance linked to on-going use of monotherapies
HIV: With expanded use of antiretroviral (ARVs), resistance is a concern
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: lethal infections in hospital settings becoming increasingly frequent
Multi-drug resistant E.coli, K.pneumoniae and Enterobacter sp.: infections are on the rise and a new beta-lactamase, NDM-1, is causing alarm
Neisseria gonorrheae and Shigella: becoming increasingly resistant to drugs
What drives AMR? PLANS AND RESOURCES NOT COMPREHENSIVE OR COHERENT; POOR ACCOUNTABILITY
CONSUMERS AND COMMUNITIES NOT ENGAGED
SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS WEAK OR ABSENT
SYSTEMS FOR ENSURING QUALITY AND SUPPLY OF MEDICINES INADEQUATE
USE OF MEDICINES INAPPROPRIATE AND IRRATIONAL, INCLUDING IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL POOR
ANTIMICROBIALS AND DIAGNOSTICS ARSENAL LIMITED
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR DIAGNOSTICS AND MEDICINES INSUFFICIENT
Global policy response to AMR
Global commitment: WHO global strategy for containment of AMR (2001)
Surveillance systems and response strategies being pursued
Task force and informal network at global and regional levels
Regional action: who regional committee resolutions (e.g. Afro, paho, searo)
Political will: world health assembly resolutions
1998 – emerging and other communicable diseases AMR
2005 – improving the containment of AMR
2009 – prevention and control of MDR-TB and XDR-TB
Despite progress, strategies for amr containment have not been widely implemented
AMR: What is blocking progress?
Complex problem requiring a comprehensive response among and between Member States across different sectors
Actions needed are clear – but there is a failure of commitment, implementation and accountability
Preventing AMR is a "public good" which strengthens health security – but financing is insufficient
WHD 2011- flagship event of the year!
Wo r l d H e a l t h D a y w i l l : D r a w g l o b a l f o c u s o n A M R
E n g a g e a l l 1 9 3 W H O M e m b e r S t a t e s a n d t h e g l o b a l h e a l t h c o m m u n i t y
F o s t e r a c t i o n f o r c h a n g e w o r l d w i d e
Wo r l d H e a l t h D a y w i l l e n g a g e a n d e n l i s t :
H e a l t h M i n i s t e r s , o t h e r p o l i c y m a k e r s a n d h e a l t h l e a d e r s , T h e p u b l i c , p a t i e n t s a n d c i v i l s o c i e t y
P h a r m a c e u t i c a l i n d u s t r y, h e a l t h i n s t i t u t i o n s , p r e s c r i b e r s a n d d i s p e n s e r s , J o u r n a l i s t s a n d t h e m e d i a
WHD 2011: What will we achieve?
Goal: To save lives and protect health by keeping precious, lifesaving medicines effective and useful to combat disease
Aims:To raise awareness on what drives AMRTo build commitment for effective policies and practices and their implementation to combat AMR
Objectives:To introduce a Policy Package for Member States focused on six top priority actions to combat AMRTo reach and engage key stakeholders through innovative communications, advocacy and events To promote further collaboration across sectors and among stakeholders
WHD 2011 will lead to
Coherent statement of commitment across stakeholders and by key constituencies
Comprehensive, financed national plans and clearer accountability lines
New national, regional and global initiatives, such as collaboration across AMR surveillance networks
Coordinated NGO action
Sustained information campaigns
Incentives for more R&D for new diagnostics and medicines
Some partners who are promoting action on AMR and World Health Day
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation The Government of Sweden ECDC (European Centre for Disease Control) CDC (US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention) CGD (Centre for Global Development) TATFAR (Trans-Atlantic Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance) ReACT (Action on Antibiotic Resistance) IDSA (Infectious Diseases Society of America) APUA (Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics) IFPMA (Int'l Fed. Of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations) FIP (International Pharmaceutical Federation) The Global Fund Stop TB Partnership WHONET UK Health Protection Agency
WHAT IS AMR?
Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of certain microorganisms to withstand attack by antimicrobials, and the uncontrolled rise in resistant pathogens threatens lives and wastes limited healthcare resources.
CAUSES
In medicine
• Over use and misuse of drugs
• Selling of over the counter drugs without prescription
Role of other animals
MECHANISMS
The four main mechanisms by which microorganisms exhibit resistance to antimicrobials are:
• Drug inactivation or modification
• Alteration of target site
• Alteration of metabolic pathway
• Reduced drug accumulation
WHAT CAN BE DONE?
• Improving antimicrobial use
• Blocking transmission of resistant organisms
PREVENTION AND NURSES INTERVENTIONS CUM PATIENT, AND GENERAL COMMUNITY EDUCATION ACCORDING TO WHO GLOBAL STRATEGY.
CONCLUSIONW hi l e i t ’s ve r y d i f f i cu l t t o qua n t i f y t he t o t a l i m pa c t o f r e s i s t anc e on hea l t h , pub l i shed da t a c l e a r l y i nd i c a t e t ha t m orb i d i t y a nd m or t a l i t y a r e i nc r e a s ed by de l a ys i n a dm i n i s t e r i ng e f f e c t i ve t r e a t m en t f o r i n f e c t i ons c a use d by r e s i s t a n t pa t hoge ns .
I n t h i s l i gh t , i m p l e m e n t a t i on o f
W HO STRATEGY c a n be c ons i de r e d app r op r i a t e r i sk m a na gem en t t o p r o t e c t c u r r en t he a l t h c a r e i n i t i a t i ve s a nd t he a va i l a b i l i t y o f t r e a t m e n t f o r f u t u r e ge ne ra t i ons .