world history 5 5 era increased hemispheric interaction 500 ish - 1500 increased hemispheric...
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caravan cultural opportunities dangers intercommunication In the same centuries caravan traffic crossed the Inner Asian steppes and the Sahara desert more frequently. As trade and travel intensified so did cultural exchanges and encounters, presenting local societies with a profusion of new opportunities and dangers. By the end of this era, the Eastern Hemisphere constituted a single zone of intercommunication possessing a unified history of its own. Our global view presents three areas of focus for this time: Introduction WORLD HISTORY ERA 5: INCREASED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTIONTRANSCRIPT
WOR
LD
HIST
ORY 5ERA
Increased Hemispheric Interaction
500ish - 1500
In this era the various regions of Eurasia and Africa became more firmly
interconnected than at any time in history. The sailing ships that crossed
the wide sea basins of the Eastern Hemisphere carried a greater volume
and variety of goods than ever before. In fact, the chain of seas extending
across the hemisphere came to form a single interlocking network of maritime
trade.
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In the same centuries caravan traffic crossed the Inner Asian steppes and the
Sahara desert more frequently. As trade and travel intensified so did cultural exchanges
and encounters, presenting local societies with a profusion of new opportunities and dangers. By the end of this era, the Eastern
Hemisphere constituted a single zone of intercommunication possessing a unified
history of its own. Our global view presents three areas of focus for this time:
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The Emergence of Europe
After the fall of Rome, Europe experienced remarkable growth. Western and Central
Europe emerged as a new center of Christian civilization, expanding in agricultural production, population, commerce, and
military might. Powerful European states presented a new challenge to the
civilizations in the Mediterranean world. At the same time Europe was drawn into the
commercial economy and cultural interchange of the hemisphere.
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The Resurgence of the Orient
At the opposite side of the hemisphere, the Orient, especially China, experienced a
burst of technological innovation, commercialization, and urbanization,
emerging as the largest economy in the world. The prosperity and success of
China drew the attention of Europe, linking the two regions across the
hemisphere.
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The Mongol Dominance
The Mongols under Chinggis Khan created the largest land empire the world had ever
seen. The Mongol warlords intruded in one way or another on the lives of almost all peoples of Eurasia. The conquests were
terrifying, but the stabilizing of Mongol rue led to a century of fertile commercial and
cultural interchange across the continent. Eurasian unification, however, had a
disastrous consequence in the 14th century—the Black Death and its attendant social
impact on the two continents.
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1. Population growth in specific locales negatively impacted the environment; many people migrated to new locations
2. Migrating groups moved into other groups’ territories, forcing them to go elsewhere
3. Migrating groups introduced new plants and animals into their new homes
4. Migrations diffused technologies for farming, warfare, and crafts
5. Migrations diffused languages, styles of living, and arts
Popu
latio
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owth
&
Mig
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Vikings
Bantu-Speaking People of Africa
Mongols
Turkic Groups
People of Oceania
Arabs
Germanic Tribes
Chinese
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1. New ruling groups built on the foundations of earlier states and empires
2. Wars led to destruction but also produced new inventions
3. Strong governments protected trade routes and stabilized economies
4. Royal courts were patrons of science, religion, and the arts
5. Large states brought together many ethnic, language, and religious groups
Stat
es &
Em
pire
s
States and Empires in 600 CE
States and Empires in 800CE
States and Empires in 1237 CE
States and Empires in 1400 CE
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1. As cities grew, so did the trade networks between them
2. Trade helped spread religions, languages, ideas, and arts
3. Trade stimulated the use of natural resources
4.Banks, credit, and money systems encouraged regional and long distance trade
Trad
e Ne
twor
ks
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1. Universal faiths gave members a sense of community beyond political, class or ethnic identities
2. Religious scholars gathered and recorded knowledge and founded institutions of learning
3. The spread of religions stimulated production and exchange of arts, literature, philosophy, and the science
Idea
s & B
elie
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1. The pace of innovation increased—both in depth and breadth
2. Manufacturing and farming productivity increased
3. People’s diets and health improved
4. Sea travel and transport webs became thicker
Agric
ultu
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Tech
nica
l Di
ffusio
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Text and Images for Introduction Slides 1-18 adapted from Cohen, Sharon and Douglass, Susan. “Panorama Teaching Unit: Patterns of Interregional Unity, 300-1500 CE.” World History for Us All. San Diego State University in collaboration with the National Center for History in the Schools. http://worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/.