UNIT 3 TEST REVIEW: MANDATORY SESSION - MARCH 22ND

“Workers of the world unite; you have nothing to lose but your chains.” ~Karl Marx

“In the long history of humankind (and animal kind, too) those who learned to collaborate and improvise have most effectively prevailed.” ~Charles Darwin

How to Prepare for your Test: Complete the Student Guides from the

lessons in Unit 3 (print them out!) Complete all the Unit 3 Checkpoints and

Quizzes!! Read the Study Guide I’m pushing out now This is an OPEN NOTE TEST!! ASK QUESTIONS!!

The Test

Unit 3 Test – PART I - Worth 60 PointsThere are 20 multiple choice questionsYou have unlimited time to take the examYou may RETAKE the exam for a higher score It is “DUE” by Sunday, March 27th at midnight

Unit 3 Test – PART II – Worth 20 PointsYou must complete the essay portion of the test!Use the Essay Writing Guide to complete the essay

Topics to choose:A. Describe the working and living conditions that lower-class people

experienced during the Industrial Revolution. What was it like to work in these factories? What kind of life did these jobs provide?

ORB. Argue FOR or AGAINST the United States imperial expansion during the

second half of the nineteenth century, when America gained control of islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean.

How did the Industrial Revolution change the world?

Political Changes

Economic Changes

Social Changes

The Industrial Revolution begins in England

• Started in the early 1700’s• Advances in agriculture led to a rise in population, less farmers required to feed the people• ALSO:• Numerous Rivers (water wheels, transportation)• Strong banking system (to build factories, start businesses)• Many available laborers (to work in the mills, operate machines and make parts)•Started with TEXTILE MILLS• (cotton>yarn>fabric>stuff!)

Innovations that increased the production of cloth in the 18th century:

Grandma got nothin’ on these guys!

SPINNING JENNY, 1770

WATER FRAME, 1769

FLYING SHUTTLE, 1733

Robert Fulton and the Steamship

Applied the Steam Engine that was invented by James Watt in 1775 (powered the paddles)

First steamship, called the Clermont, built in 1807 Traveled 300 miles in 32 hours! Forever changed the way people traveled on water Transportation and travel increased dramatically!

The Clermont

The Second Industrial Revolution Started during the middle of 19th

century Improved upon earlier

technology and inventions Used chemistry and physics to

build more advanced machines ASSEMBLY LINES increased the

speed of factory production New sources of energy were

discovered and used for power: KEROSENE GASOLINE ELECTRICTY

INVENTIONS that Changed the World!

Match the invention with the Inventor!

A. EdisonB. BellC. MorseD. NobelE. MarconiTelephone, 1876

Telegraph, 1837 Wireless radio, 1896

Phonograph, 1877Dynamite, 1866

The Human Cost of Industrialization

By the end of the 19th century, England and America were highly industrialized, however…

While the rich factory owners got richer…

Child labor was used (and abused) Factory injuries were common Cities became overcrowded and

polluted Long workdays, little pay, lousy

working conditions for the lower class BUT, businesses needed more educated

people = larger MIDDLE CLASS

New ways of Thinking: Society and Humanity He argued that humans share a common

ancestor with apes, also argued that Natural Selection = “Survival of the Fittest”

He believed that people could build a Utopian (perfect) society through Socialist ideals

He said that Capitalism would fail because workers would revolt and create a Communist society without rich and poor, only the “working class” sharing wealth.

He believed that governments should only do those things which guarantee the greatest freedom and enjoyment for their people = Utilitarianism (do as you please, as long as you don’t hurt others)

John Stuart Mill

Karl Marx

Charles Darwin

Robert Owen

MATCH THEM!

The Benefits of Industrialization:Increased Health and Leisure• By the end of the 19th century,

scientists had discover GERMS! (bacteria and viruses)

• LOUIS PASTEUR, French microbiologist who created vaccines for rabies and anthrax

• Discovered new ways to fight diseases! (heating milk to kill bacteria = pasteurization!)

• Better medicine = better health!

• By the end of the 19th century, millions of (mostly) MIDDLE CLASS Americans and Europeans enjoyed

• INCREASED LEISURE TIME• This led to a demand for MASS ENTERTAINMENT !• People now had the wealth and the

free time to enjoy things like:• Theaters, Sporting Events, Concerts,

Movies, Carnivals and…VACATIONS!

European Imperialism:Africa and Asia Beware!

What is IMPERIALISM? What were countries like England, France,

the Netherlands and Belgium hoping to accomplish in Africa and Asia?

Acquiring RAW MATERIALS (for industry) Promising PROSPERITY to citizens back home

(at the expense of colonized people) Zeal for MISSIONARY WORK (souls to save) From 1885 – 1914, nearly 100 million

people were conquered and taken over by European countries

Great Britain took over all of India Africa was carved up by 7 different

European nations: populations grew,

but natural resources, traditions and culture were lost, as well as self-rule.

So how did European nations justify their overseas Empires?

Europeans believed they were more civilized and “superior” to all others

Industrialization needed to be spread throughout the world

Belief in “Social Darwinism”: Survival of the Fittest…countries! A new wave of Nationalism made

them want to grow stronger by defeating weaker countries, building their armies and increasing their industrial output

India and China: meet GREAT BRITAIN!

The British East India Company had controlled India for over a century, until….

The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 proved that the company had lost its grip on India

So, Queen Victoria ordered that the British Crown take DIRECT CONTROL OF INDIA = “The Raj” (lasted until 1947)

In China, the British were buying tea, silk and porcelain, China only bought silver

To balance the trade, England started to sell OPIUM, a highly addictive drug

China was turning into a country full of drug addicts, so they made Opium illegal, then blocked British trading ships

1840 – 1st Opium War, China lost Britain now had free trade in China and 5 open

ports

Part of the British Empire, 1914

China and Japan move forward… China - Qing Dynasty ended with revolt in 1911

Sun Yat-sen – (1866 – 1925)Leader of the Nationalist Party, GOALS:

○ Drive out the Qing Dynasty○ Create a Democratic Republic of China○ Guarantee economic security for China○ After his death, his followers split into two rival parties:

Communists vs. Nationalists

Japan – becomes a major military and industrial nationThe Meiji Restoration – ended rule of shoguns in 1867

○ For Imperial Expansion, Japan needed:○ More natural resources for industry○ To open new overseas markets for trade○ Modernization, especially weapons○ It worked: by 1900 the Japanese Empire was ready to

rumble!

Coming up in Unit 4…

WORLD WAR I (1914-1918)!

QUESTIONS??? SECRET PHRASE:

“Survival of the Fittest!”