world history unit 4 connecting hemispheres: 900 - 1800

World History

Unit 4

Connecting Hemispheres:

900 - 1800

Chapter 17European Renaissance

and Reformation, 1300-1600 A.D.

Section 1

Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

Italy and Renaissance

Objectives• To explain the conditions in Italy that gave rise to the

Renaissance.• To identify the values and ideas prized during the

Renaissance.• To describe the artistic breakthrough and achievements

of Renaissance artists.• To summarize intellectual literary works and techniques

of key Renaissance writers.• Vocabulary: Renaissance, humanism, secular, patron,

perspective, vernacular

Italy’s Advantages

Setting - 1300-1600– rejection of medieval values

Renaissance– rebirth of art and learning– N. Italy

• cities– Crusade ‘trade’

• wealthy merchants– dominated politics– Medici

» rulers & patrons

• Greco-Roman culture– monasteries– Constantinople (1453)

Renaissance Values & Ideas

Humanism– classical Greek & Roman culture– human potential and

achievements

• secular– worldly; enjoy life’s pleasures– no offense to God

• patrons– wealthy supporters of the arts– church and merchants

‘Renaissance Man’– to excel in many fields– ‘woman’

• well-educated but lack power

Renaissance Art

Artistic Styles– realistic; citizens; human body

• Techniques– nude sculpture– perspective

• illusion of 3-dimensions

• Leonardo da Vinci– painter, sculptor, inventor,

scientist– ‘Renaissance Man’

• Michelangelo– Sistene Chapel

• Raphael– ‘School of Athens’

School of Athens

Michelangelo

Leonardo da Vinci

Renaissance Writers

Vernacular– native language– Dante Alighieri

• ‘The Divine Comedy’

– Geoffrey Chaucer• ‘The Canterbury Tales’

• Petrarch– humanist writer and poet

• Machiavelli– ‘The Prince’– guidebook for rulers

• Women– personal subjects

Italy and Renaissance

Objectives• To explain the conditions in Italy that gave rise to the

Renaissance.• Thriving cities, wealthy merchants, Greco-Roman culture• To identify the values and ideas prized during the Renaissance.• Humanists, secular, patrons, ‘Renaissance Man’• To describe the artistic breakthrough and achievements of

Renaissance artists.• New techniques - perspective, realism, human form• To summarize intellectual literary works and techniques of key

Renaissance writers.• Vernacular, human nature, ‘The Prince’, personal subjects

Assessment

1) Renaissance

2) humanism

3) secular

4) patron

5) perspective

6) vernacular

7) Renaissance Man

8) Sistene Chapel painter

9) Mona Lisa painter

10) Wrote ‘The Prince’

1) rebirth of arts / learning

2) human potential

3) worldy; here and now

4) supporter of the arts

5) illusion of 3-dimensions

6) native language

7) excel in many fields

8) Michelangelo

9) Leonardo da Vinci

10) Machiavelli



Section 2

The Northern Renaissance


Objectives• To explain the origins and characteristics of the

Northern Renaissance.• To trace the impact of the Renaissance on German

and Flemish painters.• To profile key Northern Renaissance writers.• To explain how printing spread Renaissance

beliefs.• Vocabulary: Utopia, printing press, Gutenberg

Bible

Northern Renaissance

England, France, Germany, Flanders– unification in England / France

• strong monarchs

– northern traditions• religious over secular

• social reform / Christian values

Renaissance Art– artists flee Italian wars

• German– Hans Holbein the Younger

• religion / classical myths

• realism

• Flemish– Jan van Eyck

• realism / oil based paints

Chancellor Rolin

1

2

3

4

5

Peasant Wedding

Still Life

Northern Writers

Christian Humanists– social concerns / religious slant

• Desiderius Erasmus– Holland (Latin)– ‘The Praise of Folly’

• human flaw

• Thomas More– England (Latin)– ‘Utopia’

• Greek - no place• free of human folly

• Francois Rabelais– France (French)– ‘Gargantua’ and ‘Pantagruel”– humor to make a point

Northern Writers

William Shakespeare– English playwright (English)– ideals of the Renaissance

• human potential

• tragic human flaws

– MacBeth, Romeo and Juliet,

Hamlet, King Lear• classical Greco-Roman themes

• Elizabethan Age– 1558-1603– ‘Renaissance Woman’

• Queen

• multiple languages

• poet

Spread of Renaissance Ideas

Movable Type– China in 1045

• Johann Gutenberg– adaptation of movable type– printing press– Gutenberg Bible

• 1st printed book

• 1455

• learning– fast and cheap– spread of ideas– rise in literacy

• Bible– mass interpretation


Objectives• To explain the origins and characteristics of the Northern

Renaissance.• Unified nations, strong monarchs, Italian ideas combined with

northern traditions• To trace the impact of the Renaissance on German and Flemish

painters.• Italian ideas head north, focus on realism, Flanders as center• To profile key Northern Renaissance writers.• Christian humanists, social and religious concerns, Shakespeare,

Elizabethan Age• To explain how printing spread Renaissance beliefs.• Bible, learning and literacy, mass interpretations

Assessment

1) Greek Utopia definition

2) printing press inventor

3) 1st book printed on press

4) realism

5) new type of paint

6) MacBeth author

7) movable type inventor

1) “no place”

2) Johann Gutenberg

3) Gutenberg Bible

4) lifelike

5) oil-based

6) Shakespeare

7) China



Section 3

Luther Starts the Reformation


Objectives• To analyze historical forces and religious issues

that sparked the Reformation.• To trace Martin Luther’s role in the religious

movement to reform the Catholic Church.• To analyze the impact of Luther’s religious revolt.• To explain the spread of the Protestant faith to

England during King Henry VIII’s reign.• Vocabulary: indulgence, Reformation, Lutheran,

Protestant, Peace of Augsburg, annul, Anglican


Causes– Renaissance ideas

• secular & individual

• printing press

– Rulers resistance to Pope• corrupt practices

• worldly affairs

– Church tax resentment– Church leaders reform calls

• 1300-1400s– John Wycliffe (England)– Jan Hus (Bohemia)

• 1500s (Christian humanists)– Desiderius Erasmus– Thomas More

Luther’s Challenge

Martin Luther (1483-1546)– German monk– indulgences

• pardon for past sins

• 95 Thesis

• Reformation– salvation through faith in God

• ‘good works’ not needed

– Bible as supreme authority• Pope as false authority

– all could interpret the Bible• priests not needed

• Founding of Christian churches

Response to Luther

Pope Leo X– excommunication in 1520

Emperor Charles V– Holy Roman Emperor– Edict of Worms

• Luther outlaw and heretic• crime to feed or shelter

• Lutherans– followers of Luther

• Peasant Revolts (1524)– religious, personal freedom

• Protestants– German princes not loyal to pope– 1547-1555 war– Peace of Augsburg

Protestant England

Henry VIII - (1491-1547)– King of England

• Henry’s wives– Catherine of Aragon (1527)

• aunt of Charles V• daughter Mary• annul

– set aside

– Reformation Parliament (1529)• Act of Supremecy (1534)

– King head of church– seizes monasteries / land

– Anne Boleyn (1533)• daughter Elizabeth• beheaded in 1536

– 3rd wife• son Edward

Henry VIII’s Children

Edward VI– 1st to rule; 1547-1553

– Protestant control

Mary I– 1553-1558

– Catholic rule; Pope as head

Elizabeth I– 1558-1603

– return to Protestantism

– Anglican official church• Book of Common Prayer• Protestant / Catholic compromise

– defeat of Spanish Armada (1588)


Objectives• To analyze historical forces and religious issues that sparked the

Reformation.• Renaissance ideas, corrupt clergy, church leaders call for reforms• To trace Martin Luther’s role in the religious movement to reform the

Catholic Church.• Protests indulgences, 95 Thesis, salvation and Bible interpretation• To analyze the impact of Luther’s religious revolt.• Pope excommunicates, HRE ‘heretic’, German peasant revolt, HRE war

with Protestant princes• To explain the spread of the Protestant faith to England during King

Henry VIII’s reign.• Henry’s ‘annulment,’ Henry head of English church, Protestant / Catholic

heir clashes, Elizabeth I’s Protestantism

Assessment

1) indulgence

2) Reformation

3) Luther’s followers

4) German princes decide region’s own religion

5) Christians belonging to non-Catholic churches

6) annul

7) Church of England

8) He beheaded 2 wives

1) pardon from prior sin

2) religious reform

3) Lutherans

4) Peace of Augsburg

5) Protestants

6) set aside

7) Anglican Church

8) Henry VIII



Section 4

The Reformation Continues


Objectives

• To explain John Calvin’s Protestant teachings and their spread throughout northern and western Europe.

• To describe the beliefs of other reformers and women’s roles in the Reformation.

• To trace the reforms within the Catholic Church.

• Vocabulary: predestination, Calvinism, theocracy, Presbyterian, Anabaptist, Catholic Reformation, Jesuits, Council of Trent

Calvinism

John Calvin - 1536– Institutes of the Christian Religion

– Calvinism• sinful by nature• predestination• Geneva

– theocracy

• Influences• John Knox – 1559

– Presbyterians• laymen

– Swiss, Dutch, French

– Huguenots• St. Bartholomew’s Day – 1572• massacre of Protestants

– C:\Documents and Settings\tfredrickson\Desktop

Reformers

Protestant Core Belief– mass interpretation

• Anabaptists– “baptize again”

• adult baptism

– separation of church and state• opposition to war

Catholic Reformation– Ignatius of Loyola– Jesuits (Society of Jesus)

• education• missionary work• stop spread of Protestantism

– Council of Trent (1543-1563)• Catholic interpretation final


Objectives• To explain John Calvin’s Protestant teachings and their spread

throughout northern and western Europe.• Predestination, sinful by nature, theocracy, Protestant influence• To describe the beliefs of other reformers and women’s roles in

the Reformation.• Different beliefs, Anabaptist adult baptism, women behind the

scene• To trace the reforms within the Catholic Church.• Jesuits, education, Council of Trent, clarification of church doctrine• Vocabulary: predestination, Calvinism, theocracy, Presbyterian,

Anabaptist, Catholic Reformation, Jesuits, Council of Trent

Assessment

1) taught that people are sinful by nature

2) God knows beforehand who will be saved

3) Religion founded by John Calvin

4) Followers of John Knox5) Massacre of Huguenots in

France in 15726) Baptize again as adults7) The Catholic Church reforms

itself8) Society of Jesus members9) Meetings where Catholics

agree on church reforms

1) John Calvin

2) Predestination

3) Calvinism

4) Presbyterians5) St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre6) Anabaptists

7) Catholic Reformation8) Jesuits9) Council of Trent

world history unit 4 connecting hemispheres: 900 - 1800

Documents

northern renaissance

renaissance objectives

european renaissance

merchants renaissance

northern renaissance

vernacular slide

michelangelo slide

vinci slide