WORLD LITERATURE SENIOR SEMESTER I

STUDY GUIDE

Chicago Military Academy – Bronzeville3519 South Giles Avenue

Chicago, Illinois 60653

Preparing for the test

• Study the notes provided throughout the semester

• Ask any questions you have during class before the test

• Re-read the stories we have read as a class during the semester

• Make sure you get enough sleep the night before the test

• Bring at least 2 #2 pencils for the test

Common Linking Verb List(Predicate Nominative and Predicate Adjective)

• Am• Is• Are• Was• Were• Has• Had• Have

Other possible linking verbs• Appear• Become• Feel• Grow• Look• Remain• Seem• Smell• Sound• Taste• turn

Some Conjunctive Adverbs(Kinds of Sentences)

• Accordingly• Also• Besides• Consequently• Furthermore• However• Moreover• Nevertheless• Otherwise• Therefore• Still

Coordinating Conjunctions(Kinds of Sentences)

• For• And• Nor• But• Or• Yet• So

Commonly Used Prepositions(Preposition or Adverb)

• About Above Across• After Against Along• Around At Before• Below Beside Between• Beyond But (except) By• Down During Except• For From In• Inside Into Like• Near Of On• Out Outside Over

Commonly Used Prepositions (continued)

• Past Since Through• Throughout To Toward• Under Underneath Until• Up Upon Within• With/Without

Some Common Adverbs(Adjective or Adjective/Preposition?)

• About Just Today• Almost Late Tomorrow• Already MoreToo• Also Never Well• Always Seldom Why• Around Still Yesterday• Fast Then Yet• Here There

Some Common Intensifiers

• Exceptionally Quite• Really Rather• Extraordinarily Somewhat• Hardly Nearly• Least So• Less Truly• Most Very• Only

Personal Pronouns

• I Me My Mine• We Us Our Ours• You You Your Yours• She Her Her Hers• He Him His His• It It Its Its• They Them Their Theirs

Relative Pronouns

• Who• Whom• Which• Whoever• Whomever• That• Whose

Interrogative Pronouns

• Who?• Whom?• Whose?• What?• Which?• How?

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

• Myself• Yourself• Himself• Herself• Itself• Ourselves• Yourselves• Themselves

Clauses

• A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and verb but may not express a complete thought

• Dependent Clause (also called a subordinate clause) is a clause that has a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought.

• Independent Clause (also called a main clause) is a clause that has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

Kinds of Sentences

• Simple – has one independent clause• Complex – has one independent clause and

one or more dependent clauses• Compound – has two or more independent

clauses• Compound Complex – has two or more

independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

Predicate Nominative(Linking Verb)

• The predicate nominative follows the linking verb, yet it modifies the subject (noun or pronoun)

Direct and Indirect Objects(Action Verbs)

• Direct Object – A noun or pronoun that receives the action of the action verb. It answers the question whom or what and it follows the action verb.

• Indirect Object – A noun or pronoun that answers the questions To Whom, For Whom, To What, and For What and it follows the action verb.

ADJECTIVE

• DEFINITION– A WORD THAT MODIFIES A NOUN OR A PRONOUN• THE ADJECTIVE ANSWERS ONE OF THE FOLLOWING

QUESTIONS:– WHICH ONE – THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE– WHAT KIND – HUGE, NEW, OLD, COURAGEOUS– HOW MANY – FEW, SEVERAL, BOTH, TEN, MOST– HOW MUCH – MORE, LESS, SUFFICIENT, PLENTIFUL

POSITIONS OF ADJECTIVES

• Adjectives usually appear in front of the noun or pronoun they modify

– Ex. The beautiful flowers were placed in ground.

Positions of Adjectives

• Sometimes to show variety, a writer will put adjectives in other positions.– Regular position• The swift and powerful skier outdistanced his rivals

– Irregular position #1• The skier, swift and power, outdistanced his rivals.

– Irregular position #2• Swift and powerful, the skier outdistanced his rival.

Positions of Adjectives

• Articles– The articles a, an, and the are also adjectives• The word the is called a definite article because it refers

to a specific person, place, thing, or idea.• The words a and an are called indefinite articles

because they refer to more general nouns.

Positions of Adjectives• Predicate Adjective– Follow the linking verb and modifies the subject of

the sentence• Some movies seem endless.• The old man’s teeth were yellowed and brittle.

ADVERBS

• DEFINITION– A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or

another adverb– The adverb answers the following questions:• Where – We moved the table outside.• When – The movies begins later. • How – The mob came unexpectedly.• To What Extent? – Everyone got very wet.** Most words ending in –ly are adverbs.

ADVERBS

• INTENSIFIERS are adverbs that modifies adjectives or other adverbs that add emphasis.– Ex. Too, very, extremely, truly, and really

ADVERBS

• INTENSIFIERS are adverbs that modifies adjectives or other adverbs that add emphasis.– Ex. Too, very, extremely, truly, and really

Positions of Adverbs

• The adverb usually follows the verb it modifies.– The bus arrives there tomorrow.

• Sometimes, however, an adverb comes before the verb.– Frequently, the bus leaves on time.

• Intensifiers or other adverbs that modify adjectives or other adverbs usually come directly before the word they modify.– Ours is a very common name.

ADJECTIVE or ADVERB

• To determine if a word is an adjective or an adverb, `you must first determine which word it modifies. – If the word modifies a noun or pronoun, then it is

an adjective. – If the word modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb

then it is an adverb.

Practice: Adjective or Adverb

• 1. The new student seemed somewhat shy.• 2. It was an extremely mysterious case.• 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared.• 4. The crowded bus left early.• 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment,• 6. This tree is only found in the tropics.• 7. The soccer team practices here.• 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

Practice: Adjective or Adverb

• 1. The new student seemed somewhat shy.– Somewhat modifies the predicate adjective shy.

• 2. It was an extremely mysterious case.• 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared.• 4. The crowded bus left early.• 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment,• 6. This tree is only found in the tropics.• 7. The soccer team practices here.• 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

Practice: Adjective or Adverb

• 1. The new student seemed somewhat shy.• 2. It was an extremely mysterious case.– Mysterious modifies the noun case.

• 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared.• 4. The crowded bus left early.• 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment,• 6. This tree is only found in the tropics.• 7. The soccer team practices here.• 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

Practice: Adjective or Adverb

• 1. The new student seemed somewhat shy.• 2. It was an extremely mysterious case.• 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared.– Mysteriously is the adverb that modifies the verb

disappeared.• 4. The crowded bus left early.• 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment,• 6. This tree is only found in the tropics.• 7. The soccer team practices here.• 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

Practice: Adjective or Adverb

• 1. The new student seemed somewhat shy.• 2. It was an extremely mysterious case.• 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared.• 4. The crowded bus left early.– Early modifies the verb left.

• 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment,• 6. This tree is only found in the tropics.• 7. The soccer team practices here.• 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

Practice: Adjective or Adverb

• 1. The new student seemed somewhat shy.• 2. It was an extremely mysterious case.• 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared.• 4. The crowded bus left early.• 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment.– Early is an adjective that modifies the noun appointment.

• 6. This tree is only found in the tropics.• 7. The soccer team practices here.• 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

Practice: Adjective or Adverb

• 1. The new student seemed somewhat shy.• 2. It was an extremely mysterious case.• 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared.• 4. The crowded bus left early.• 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment,• 6. This tree is only found in the tropics.– Only is an Adverb that modifies the verb found.

• 7. The soccer team practices here.• 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

Practice: Adjective or Adverb

• 1. The new student seemed somewhat shy.• 2. It was an extremely mysterious case.• 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared.• 4. The crowded bus left early.• 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment,• 6. This tree is only found in the tropics.• 7. The soccer team practices here.– Here is an adverb that modifies the verb practices.

• 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

Practice: Adjective or Adverb

• 1. The new student seemed somewhat shy.• 2. It was an extremely mysterious case.• 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared.• 4. The crowded bus left early.• 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment,• 6. This tree is only found in the tropics.• 7. The soccer team practices here.• 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.– Nine is an adjective that modifies the noun competitors.

Qualities of An Epic Hero

• Please study the qualities of an Epic Hero which is in the Literature book on page R 95-96.

REMEMBER!

• Bring your Literature Circle books to class for 50 points regular credit. If you lost my book, buy another copy of the same book.

• Bring at least 2 #2 pencils, get enough rest the night before, and eat a healthy breakfast .

• Re-read and take notes on Gilgamesh and Heracles. Copies of the lit book is in the Media Center.

• Semester Finals will be Thursday and Friday January 17th and 18th 2013.