world of jewish prayers - tefilah.org
TRANSCRIPT
www.tefilah.org
www.tehillim.org.ilBeni Gesundheit
ืขืืื ืชืคืืืStudying Tefilah
ืขืืื ืืชืคืืืืชWorld of Jewish Prayers
ื ืืืขืืจ ื: ืืืจ ืจื ื ืชืค ื ื ืชื ืืืืจ ื ื ืค ืืจ ืืื ืช (ื"ื ืข"ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ื)ืืขืืื ืืกื Rabbi Elazar said: A person should always arrange his prayer in his mind and only then pray.
Rabbi Jay & Ilana Kelman
Musaf Rosh Hashanaืชืคืืืช ืืืกืฃ ืฉื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื
โข Historical Overview of Musaf for RH
โข Text Analysis: Structure + sources โ Narrative
โข Messages for usโฆืขืืื ืชืคืืื
Studying Tefilah
Rav Amram Gaon (810-875, Sura) quotes the full text for RH in his Siddur
(responsa for Jews in Barcelona)
Historical Overview
Musaf RH ื"ืืืกืฃ ืจ
ืืจืื ืืชืืืื ืืืช ืฉืืคืจืืชืืTalmud Yerushalmi & Bavli suggest verses; Midrashim are incorporated
Shofar for RH ืืฆืืช ืฉืืคืจ ืืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื
ืืืจืื ืื
BIBLE
MISHNA
TALMUD
ืจืืืฉื ืืCommentaries and Philosophical analysis
Ismar Elbogen
(1875-1943).
German. Berlin 1913
Jewish Liturgy:
A Comprehensive
History.
โHistory from withinโ, โcollective memoryโโ personal meaning ?
ื : ื', ืืฉื ื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ื ืจ ื , ืืืืืืืชืืื ืคืืืชืื ืืขืฉ ืจ ืจ , ืืืจืื ืืชืืขืฉ ืจืืชื ืืขืฉ .ืฉืืคMishna Rosh Hashana 4, 6: One does not recite fewer than ten verses in the blessing of Kingship, of Remembrances, or Shofarot.
โFinalโ Text in Machzor = ืืกืืืืจ" ืกืืคื"ื ืืกื
BIBLE (Torah) โ Shofar & RH
ื : ื-ื', ืืืืืจ ื ื ื ื ืืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ืขื ืืื ืชืจ ืืฆืจืจ ืืชืื ื ืืืจืขืชืืืฆ ืืฆืฆืจืช ื ืจืช ืื ืื
ื ืืืื ' ืืคื ื ื ืขืช ืืืืื : ืืืืืืืืื ืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืชืื ืืืืืขืืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืฉ ืืฉ ืืืชืงืขืช ื ื
ืืฆืฆืจืช ืขื ืขืืชืืื ืืขื ืืืื ืฉ ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืื ืจืืื : ืืืืืื'ืืคื ื ืืืืืื ืื ื ืืืื
Numbers 10, 9-10: When you go to war in your land against the army who oppresses you, you shall sound an alarm with the trumpets; and you shall be remembered before the Lord your God, and you shall be delivered from your enemies. On the day of your rejoicing, at your appointed times on your New Moons, you shall sound the trumpets over your communal peace offerings; they shall be a remembrance for you before your God, I am the Lord your God.
ืจ ืื ื : ืื, ื"ืืืงืจื ื ื ื ื ืืื ืื ืืืืจ ื ืจ ืฉ ืืฉ ื ื ืื ืืืขื ื ืืืฉ ืืืืืืฉ
ืชืื ื ืื ืฉ ืืืืจืื ืช ื ืจืืขื ืงืืฉ :ืืงืจ
Leviticus 23, 24: Speak to the children of Israel, saying: In the seventh month [Tishrei], on the first day of the month [RH], shall be a day of rest for you, a remembrance by means of an alarm blast, a holy convocation.
ืืืืืฉ : ื, ื"ืืืืืจ ืื ื ืื ืืืขื ื ื ืืฉ ืืืฉ ืืงืจ
ื ืื ื ืืืืืช ืงืืฉ ืืืื ืื ื ืื ืชืขืฉ ืืืื ืช ืขืื ืจืืข
ืื : ืืืื ื
Numbers 29, 1: In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, it shall be a holy convocation for you; you shall not perform any toilsome work; a day of sounding the alarm it shall be for you.
ืืืืขืืจืช : ื-ื, ื"ืืืงืจื ื ืจืืข ืืืฉ ื ืฉืืคืจ ืชืค ืืื ืื ืืจ ืืืืฉ ื ืฉ ืข ืืขื ื ืขืืืจื ืืฉ ืจืจืื ืช ืฉืืค
ื ืืจืฆืื ื ื ืช ืืื :ื ื ืืช ืฉ ืช ืฉ ื ืืงื ื ืื ืฉ ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืฉ ืจืฅ ืื ื ืจืืจ ื ืืชื ื ืื ืืงืจ ืืื ื ืื ืืื ืชืืชื ืืืืฉ ืื ื ื ืืืฉ ืื ืื ืืช ืื ืืฉ ืฉ ืืชื ืช ืค : ืฉ
Leviticus 25, 9-10: You shall sound an alarm blast of the shofarduring the seventh month, on the tenth day; on the Day of Atonement you shall sound the shofar throughout the land. You shall sanctify the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty in the land for all its inhabitants. It shall be a Jubilee year, when each man shall return to his ancestral property and to his family.
BIBLE Neviim-Ketuvim
ืืื ืืืื : ืื, ื"ืืฉืขืื ื ืื ื ืงืขืื ืจ ืืช ืฉืืค ืืืื ื ื ืืจืฅ ืืฉ ืืืืื ื ืื ื ื ืื ืืื ื ื ืจืฅ ืจ ืืื
ืืื ืื ืช ืื ืืืฉ ืืจ ื ' ืืฆืจ ืื ื ืืจืืฉ : ืงืืฉ ื
Isaiah 27, 13: It will be on that day that a great shofar will be sounded and the [Israelites] lost in the land of Assyria and the outcasts [of Israel] in the land of Egypt will come and prostate themselves to the Lord on the holy mountain in Jerusalem.
MISHNA Rosh Hashana 4, 6 Taanit 2, 3
ื : ื', ืืฉื ื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ื ืจ , ืืืืืืชื ืืื ืคืืืชืื ืืขืฉ ื ืจ ื , ืืืจืื ืืชืืขืฉ ืจ ืจืืชืืขืฉ .ืฉืืค
Mishna Rosh Hashana 4, 6: One does not recite fewer than ten verses in the blessing of Kingship,of Remembrances, or Shofarot.
ืจืื ืืืจื : ... ื', ืชืขื ืืช ืืืฉื ื ืืืชืืืืืจ ืืคื ืืื ืขืฉ ืจ , ืข ืื ืืื ื ื ืจื ืฉ ืื ื ืขืฉ , ืืืื ืื: ืฉ ืืืืกืืฃ ืขืืืื ืขืื ืฉ , ืฉ
ืจืืช, ืืืจืื ืืช ... ืืฉืืค
Mishna Taanit 2, 3: And he recites twenty-four blessings before the congregation: The eighteen blessings of the everyday Amida prayer, to which he adds another sixblessings, and they are as follows: The special series of blessings recited on Rosh HaShana, the Remembrances and Shofarot; and the sections of Psalms โฆ TALMUD (Yerushalmi + Bavli)
suggest 10 pesukim
MISHNA
โข Common Experience of Taanit and Rosh Hashana, but RH adds Kingship โ Messages!
ืืืืฉืืืืจืืืชืื,ืฆืืืืจืชืขื ืืชืืืจืืืชื"ืืืื"ืจืืจืืืช:ืืืืฉืืืจืืืืืืจืืืชืืื: ื, ืืืจืืืชืืจืืฉืืืืืืืืืจืืืืืื"ืชืืื ืืืจ
Yerushalmi Brachot 1, 5: These are the blessings that are longer than usual: the Blessings of Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur and of the fast days; one can tell who is a Torah scholar from the way he prays these Blessings.
ื ืจ: ื ื"ืืืื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ื ืืืช ืฉ ืงืืขืืช ืืืจ ืืฉ ืชืืืช ืคืืจืื ืืขื ื ืืื ืื ื ืืฉ ื ื. ืืฉ ืืจ ? ืืื ืืขื ื
ื ืจืื ืืื ืืืจื ื :ืจื ืืืฉ ื ืืจ ืืง ื ื ืจืืฉ ืืฉ ื ื ื ื ืคืจืืช ืืืืืื ื ื ืืืืืืช, ืืืืืืช ืืืจืื ืืช ืืฉืืค ืช ืื ืฉ
ื ื ืื ืืืจืื ืืชืขืืืื ืืื ืืค ืื ืฉ ื ื ืจืื ืืื ืืืืื ืจืืื ืฉืืค :ื
Bavli Rosh Hashana 34b: The shofar blasts andblessings of Rosh HaShana and of Yom Kippur do invalidate one another i.e., if one was omitted, this invalidates the other blasts and blessings. What is the reason that all the blasts and blessings are indispensable on Rosh HaShana? Rabba said that the Holy One, Blessed be He, said: Recite before Me on Rosh HaShana Kingship, Remembrances and Shofarot. Kingship, so that you will crown Me as King over you; Remembrances, so that your remembrance will rise before Me for good. And with what? With the shofar.
ืื ืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืจ : ืกืคืจื ืืืืืจ ืืืขืืืชื ืขืืืื ? ืืฉืืคืจืืชืืืจืื ืืชืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืืืืชืขืืื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืงืฉ ืืืคื ืื ืจืืืื ืืืืืืื
ืฉื ืืืจืืช ืืืื ืฉืืคืจ ืืื ืืฉืืคืจืื ืืืื ืฉืชืืืจืืื ืืชืงืข ืืฉืืคืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ' ืฉื ืืืจืืช ืฉื ืื
ืืืืื ' ื ืื"ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืข ืื ืชืืงืขื ืช( ืื, ื"ืืฉืขืื ื)ืืขืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืืืขืื ืืืืื ( ืื', ืืืจืื ื)ืืฉืืคืจ ืืชืงืข
ืืชืงืืขื ืืืฆืื ืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืงืื ืฉืืื ืืขืืจ ืืงืื ืืืืื ( ื, ื"ืืฉืขืื ืก)ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืืืื ' ืงืื ื
Sifre Numbers Behaalotcha 77: Why did the Sages see it fitting to first say Kingship and then Remembrances and Shofarot? So that we first crown God as king and then ask for His compassion so that He will remember us. How? By using the shofar of freedom. The shofar is a symbol of freedom as it says: It will be on that day that a great shofar will be sounded (Isaiah 27, 13)
โข 3 blessings of ืจืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืจืื ืืช ืืฉืืค constitute a literary, philosophical (halachic) unit
โข Different meaning & perspective of Shofar: Bavli โ sources from Eretz Yisrael
Text Musaf of Rosh Hashana
ืืื ืคืืืชืื : ื', ืืฉื ื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ืื ืจ ื , ืืืืืืืชืืขืฉ ืจ ื ืืขืฉ , ืืืจืื ืืชืืขืฉ ืจืืชืจ .ืฉืืค
Mishna Rosh Hashana 4, 6: One does not recite fewer than ten verses in the blessing of Kingship, or fewer than ten verses in the blessing of Remembrances, or fewer than ten verses in the blessing of Shofarot.
โ Shiur on Aleinu
โ some comments on each Berachaโ Flow and narrative unit of the 3 Berachot
ืจืืช Remembrancesืืืจืื ืืชKingshipืืืื ืืืช Shofarotืฉืืค
ืื ืจ ืืข ืืฉ ืื ื ื-ื ' ืืฉ ( ื', ืืืจืื ื)ืืื ' ืื
ืื ื ื' ื: "ื"ืจืฉ ืื ืืื ืขืชืื ืืืืืช , ืืืื ื ืขืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืช-ืฉืืื ื' ื: ืืื' ื ื ื 'ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ' ื ืงืจื ืื ืคื ืืจื ืจื ื ืื ืฉ ื ืื ืขื ื ืื ืืืค ื ืื ืื ืืื' ืฉ ' ืืขืืื ืฉื ืืืจืฅ ' ืืืื ื'ืื ืืืจ (ื, ืฆืคื ืื ื) ืืื ืืืืื ืขื ื ื ืื ืืื ื ื ืื ืืืื ' ื ' ืื ื ืฉ". (ื, ืืืจืื ืื)
โ Shiur on Aleinu
ืื ื -ื ืืื ื-ื ืื ื ืื ืืื ืขืืืืื ืืืืช ืขืื ืืื ืืืืื ื ืื ืฉ ืืขืืืื ืจืฅื ื ืจื ื ืืง ืขืืืืค ื
ืืืจ ืืืื ืื ื ืืขืืข ืืื ...ืืจืฆื ืืืช ืืืฉ
Our God and the God of our forefathers, reign over the entire universe in Your glory; be exalted over all the world in Your splendor, reveal Yourself in the majestic grandeur of Your strength over all the dwellers of Your inhabited worldโฆ
ื ืคื ืื ืจืฆืืืื ื ืื ื -ื 'ืื ืืื ื-ื ืื ื ืื ืืืืชืฉื ืืจืืืืืื ืช ืืฉ ืื ื ืข ื ืชืจื ืื ื ...ื ืื
ื ื ื,ืืื ืืืืื ืื ื ืข ืืืื ืชื ื ืจืื ืืืืคืข,ืืื ืฉ ื ืื ื ืื ืืขื ืื ืืืข ืืืง ,ืืื ืื ื ืจ ืื ืจ ืืค ื ืืื ืื ืื ื ,ืื ืกื ื ืคื ืฆืืช ื ื ืจื ื ืื :ืืจืฅืช
May it be Your will, Lord, our God and the God of our forefathers, O merciful King, that You once more be compassionateโฆ.appear and be upliftedover us before the eyes of all the living. Draw our scattered ones near from among the nations and bring our dispersions from the ends of the earth.
ืืืืกืฃ ืืฉืืืืืจืืืื' ืฉื ื
Intertextuality!
ื ืืื ืืืจ ืคืงืืื ืืช , ืืืจืช ืืื ืืช ื ื ื ืื ืืจืืืื ืืฉืืข
ืจืื ืืืจื ื ื ืืื ืืืืชืื ื -ืืืื ื ืื-ื ืืื ืืื ืื ืช ืืค ื ืคืง ืงืื ื ื ื ืืจืืืืืืฉื ืืค ืื ืข ืืฉ
ื ื ื ืจ ื ืื ืงืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืื ื ื -ื ' ืฉืจืืช ืืืช ืืืก ืืืงืืืื ืื ืืช ืื ืืืข ื ืืืช ืืฉ
ื ื ื ื ืขืช ืืืืจ ื ืจ ื ืฉ ืื ื ืืฉ
You lovingly remembered Noah and You recalled him with words of salvation and mercy
Our God and the God of our forefathers, remember us with a favorable remembrance before You, recall us with a recollection of salvation and mercy from the primeval, loftiest heavens
ืช: ืื"ื ืืจืืืชืืืื ืฉ ืจืืื ืืช ืืง ื ื ื ืข ืืจืื ... ืจื ืดื ืจืืชโฆ ืื ืดืืืืจ ืื
Bavli Berachot 59a: One who sees a rainbow โฆ says the blessing: โBlessedโฆ Who remembers the covenant with Noahโ.
ื : ื', ืชืืืื ื ื ืื ืืฉ ื ืจื ื ื ื ืืื ื ืชืื ื ื :ืชืคืงืื ื ื
Tehillim 8, 5: What is a mortal that You rememberhim, a man that You take him into account?
ื"ืข' ืืชืืืื ืืืื ืืจืืืช ืงืืฉืืืจืืืืืืืืืชืื'ืฉื ืืืจ?ืืชืคืืืืืืืจืืืฉืืงืืืฉืื ืื:ืืืกืืจืืืืฉืืืืืื ืืจืืืืืจ
ืืืืืจืืืฉืืงืืืฉืืืื-'ืชืคืืชื'ืืืื ืืืจืืืชืคืืชื,(ื,ื"ื ืืฉืขืืื)'ืชืคืืชืืืืืชืืฉืืืชืืืืืืืื,ืืขืกืืืชืจืืืืฉืืืืฉืืืืคื ืืจืฆืืืืื:ืจืืืืจืืืืืืืจืืืืจืืจืืืืจ?ืืฆืืืืื.ืืชืคืื
ืืฉืืขืืืจืืืืืจ,ืชื ืื.ืืืืืืฉืืจืชืืคื ืืืืืืืืื ืก,ืจืืืืืืืืชืื ืืขืืืืชื ืื,ืืืืชืืขืืจืืืืืืฉืืฉืืืืฆืืืืช'ืืืืืืชืจืืืืืจืืืชื,ืืืคื ืืืืคื ืืงืืืจืชืืืงืืืจื ืื ืกืชืืืืชืคืขื:ืืืืฉืขืืืืขืกืืืชืจืืืืืฉืืืืฉืืืืคื ืืืจืฆืืืืื:ืืืืืจืชื-!ืืจืื ื,ืื ืืืฉืืขืื:ืืืืืืจืื ืฉืืจืืืกืืขื
ืืืื ืขื ืข,ืืืืืืฉืืจืชืืคื ืืืืืืืชืื ืกืืจืืืืืืืืชืื ืืืขืืืชืชื ืืืืืืชืืืขืืจืืืืืืืืืื.ืืขืื ืืืงืืืืืืืืืจืืชืชืืืฉืืืืืืงืืฉืืข.ืืจืืฉื
โ Shiur Tehillim 8 & unit of 3-14.
www.tehillim.org.ilLecture #2
Berachot 7a: Along the same lines, Rabbi Yoแธฅanan said in the name of Rabbi Yosei: From where is it derived that the Holy One, Blessed be He, prays? As it is stated: โI will bring them to My holy mountain, and make them joyful in the house of My prayerโ (Isaiah 56:7). The verse does not say the house of their prayer, but rather, โthe house of My prayerโ; from herewe see that the Holy One, Blessed be He, prays. Rav Zutra bar Tovia said that Rav said: God says: May it be My will that My mercy will overcome My anger towards Israel for their transgressions, and may My mercy prevail over My other attributes through which Israel is punished, and may I conduct myself toward My children, Israel, with the attribute of mercy,and may I enter before them beyond the letter of the law. Similarly, it was taught in a baraitathat Rabbi Yishmael ben Elisha, the High Priest, said: Once, on Yom Kippur, I entered the innermost sanctum, the Holy of Holies, to offer incense, and in a vision I saw Akatriel Ya, the Lord of Hosts, one of the names of God expressing His ultimate authority, seated upon a high and exalted throne (see Isaiah 6). And He said to me: Yishmael, My son, bless Me. I said to Him the prayer that God prays: โMay it be Your will that Your mercy overcome Your anger, and may Your mercy prevail over Your other attributes, and may You act toward Your children with the attribute of mercy, and may You enter before them beyond the letter of the law.โ The Holy One, Blessed be He, nodded His head and accepted the blessing.
ื ืืื ืื ื ื ืื ื ืื ื ื ื ืืืื ืข ืืืืช ืืื ื ื ืขืื ื ื ืืืื ื
ื ืขื ื ืฉ ืจืฅ ืืื ื ื ืืจื ืืืืคืข ื ืืง ืืืจ ืืื ืขื ื ืืื ืข ืื ื ื ืืืฉ
ืชืื ืืจืฆื
ื ืขืืื ื ืคืืง ืจ ืืขืฉ ื ืืื ื ืืช ื ื ื ืงืื ืืื ื . ืืฆื ืจ ืขืื ืืืช ืืคื ืื ื ื ืช
ืจืืช ืกืช ืจืืฉ ืืืืื ื ื ื ืื . ืืชืฉ ื ื ื ื ืก ื ื ืคื ืืื ื ืจ ืืืืื ืฉ ืกืช ืื ื ืื
ืื ืื ืื ืข ื ืจ ื : ื ื ืืื ื ืืช ืช ื ืคืขื ื ืืืฆื ืจ ื . ืื ืืื ืืื ื ื ื
ื ื ื : ื ืืืืื ืื ื ' ืคื ืื ืืืืื ืข ื ื ืื ื
ืืืืืืชืื ืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืจ : ืกืคืจื ืืืืืจ ืืืขืืืชื ืขืืขืืื ืืืืืืืืืื ? ืืฉืืคืจืืชืืืจืื ืืชืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืื
ืื ืฉืชืืืจืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืงืฉ ืืืคื ืื ืจืืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืจืืช ืืืื ืฉืืคืจ ืืื ืฉื ืืืจืืช ืืฉืืคืจืืืื (ืื, ื"ืืฉืขืื ื)ืืชืงืข ืืฉืืคืจ ืืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ' ืฉื ืื
Sifre Numbers Behaalotcha 77: Why did the Sages see it fitting to first say Kingship and then Remembrances and Shofarot? So that we first crown God as king and then ask for His compassion so that He will remember us. How? By using the shofar of freedom. The shofar is a symbol of freedom as it says: It will be on that day that a great shofar
will be sounded (Isaiah 27, 13)
ืืื ืืืื : ืื, ื"ืืฉืขืื ื ืื ื ืฉ ืื ืงืข ื ืืื ืืช ืจ ื ืืคื ืืจ ืืื ืืจืฅ ืืฉ ืืืืื ื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืจืฅ ืืฆืจ ืืื ื
ืืื ืื ืช ืืจืืฉ ' ืืืฉ ืืจ ืืงืืฉ ื ืื : ื
Isaiah 27, 13: It will be on that day that a great shofar will be sounded; and the [Israelites] lost in the land of Assyria and the outcasts [of Israel] in the land of Egypt will come and prostate themselves to the Lord on the holy mountain in Jerusalem.
Musaf Rosh Hashanaืชืคืืืช ืืืกืฃ ืฉื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื
ืขืืื ืชืคืืืStudying Tefilah
โข Historical Overview of Musaf for RH
โข Text Analysis: Structure + sources โ Narrative
โข Messages for usโฆ
ื"ืกืืฃ ืืืืจื ืจืืโืชืงืืขืช ืฉืืคืจ ื "ืฉืืืื ืขืจืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืชืงืค
; ืฉืืคืจ ืฉื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ืืฆืืชื ืืฉื ืืื ืืืคืืฃ, ืฉื ืขืืื ืืืืืื... ืื ืืฉืืคืจืืช ืืฉืจืื , ืืืืืขืื
โืืื ืืืฉืืฉื ืขืืืืช ืืืืืื ืฉื ืขืืื ืืืืืื
ืืฆืโืืื ืชืงืข ืื , ืื ืืชืงืข
ืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืคืจ ืืืจ ืืชืงืข ืื ... ืฉืืคืจ ืืืืื ืืืื (ื, ื"ืชืงืค, ื"ืื, ืืฉื ื ืืจืืจื)ืืื ืื ืืืจื ืขืืื
"ืืคืฅ ืืืื"1838-1933
268-9' ืขื, ื"ืชืฉื, "ืืืืจื ืืจืืื"ืืชืื " ืฉืืคืจืืช"
ืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืชืืงืขืื ืืืื ืื ื โืื ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืชืงืืข ืืฉืืคืจ ืืฉืจ ืืืืืื ", ืืืื ื ื ืืชื ืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืืืื... ืื ืืืจืืืื ืืืชื ื ืืฉืืืข ืงืื ืฉืืคืจ , ืืืืืื
' ืืืืืจ ืืื, ืคืืืืืจื, ืขืืืง, ืฉืืคืจ ืฉื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืคื ืืฉืืคืจื ืฉื ืืฉืืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืงืืื ืืื "โืขื ืฉืืคืจ ืื ืืื ืืืจื , ืืืื... ืืขืืจืจืื ืืืืืื
(ื"ื ื"ืืจืืืช ืค" )ืืืจืืื ืขืืื
Rabbi Jay & Ilana Kelman
ืขืืื ืชืคืืืStudying Tefilah
Studying Tefilahืขืืื ืชืคืืื
(ื"ืชืฉืค)ืืื ืชืฉืจืHolidays of Tishrei (2021) Musing on the Machzor
Chanaโs Prayer :#1ืชืคืืืช ืื ื โข
Aleinu :#2ืชืคืืืช ืขืืื ื ืืฉืื โข
Musaf of Rosh Hashana :#3ืืืกืฃ ืืจืืฉ ืืฉื ืโข
U-netaneh :#4" ืื ืชื ื ืชืืงืฃ"โข Tokef
ื"ืืก
โข Ismar Elbogen (1875-1943). German. Berlin 1913. Jewish Liturgy: A
Comprehensive History.
โข Rabbi Dr. Eli Munk: The World of Prayer (revised; 2 volumes)
โข Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan: The Living Torah
โข Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik: Rosh Hashana Machzor
โข The Steinsaltz Humash, Neviim and Ketuvim
ืชื ืืืื" ื ืชืื ืืื ื: "ืืจื ืืฉืฉืืจ ืืขืงืืืกืืโข
ืกืืืืจ ืืืฆืจ ืืชืคืืืืชโข
ืืืืืจ ืืฉืื ืืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ืืืื ืืคืืจ: ืคืืืืื ืืืจื ืืืืโข
ืขื , ืืจืจื ืงืื, ืื-ื ืชืฉืจื ื ืื"ืืกืืจื ืชืฉ: ื"ื ืกืืืืืืืฆืืง ืขื ืจ"ืืจืโข
. ืืขืื, ืืชืฉืืื
REFERENCES