world organizations
DESCRIPTION
WORLD ORGANIZATIONS. THE UNITED NATIONS IGOs & NGOs. THE UNITED NATIONS. Founded in 1945 to: -Provide a forum for disputes among nations -Promote universal human rights -Support economic development -Work towards world peace. Declaration of Human Rights. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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WORLD ORGANIZATIONS
THE UNITED NATIONS IGOs
& NGOs
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THE UNITED NATIONS• Founded in 1945 to: -Provide a forum for disputes among
nations -Promote universal human rights -Support economic development -Work towards world peace
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Declaration of Human Rights"All human beings are born with equal and inalienable rights" Promotes human dignity worldwide Eleanor Roosevelt championed the Declaration Adopted by UN in 1948
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Millennium Development Goals of the UN
• End Poverty/Hunger• Universal Education• Gender Equality• Child Health/Maternal health• Combat HIV/Aids• Environmental Sustainability• Global Partnerships
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Organizational Structure
• General Assembly - Main body• Security Council - Elite subgroup• Secretariat - International
leadership• Economic & Social Council -
functional agencies• International Court of Justice
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General Assembly• Main “parliamentary” body• One country, one vote• Grown from 51 to 192 members• 2/3 are developing countries• Oversees budget and subsidiaries• Elects non-permanent members to
Security Council• Makes recommendations or
resolutions
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Security Council• 5 permanent members - US, UK, France,
China and Russia• 10 Non-Permanent – Azerbaijan, Colombia,
Germany, Guatemala, India, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, Togo. (2yr terms) (no veto power)
• Secret ballot voting (2/3) by Gen Assem. – each geographic region represented
• 9 votes required on substantive matters, including all 5 permanent members
• Great power – unanimity or veto power
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Security Council Functions
• Military Ops• Economic sanctions• Weapons inspections• Election monitors• Peacekeeping Ops
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The Secretariat• International in character• Should not be dominated by one
country or region• Carries out the day-to-day work of
the UN• Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon• World leader -personally steps in to
resolve international disputes or draw attention to an issue.
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Secretary General
Ban Ki Moon (ROK)Nominated by Gen. AssemblyApproved by Security Council5 Year terms-Was recently re-elected for 2nd term
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Behind the Scenes - A Day in the Life of Ban Ki-Moon
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUR0gzFg2ss
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• Click for Video Motorcades and Dictator Disneyland, NYT
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U.N. Headquarters in New York City
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European U.N. Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland
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U.N. role in Palestinian Statehood?
http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-september-22-2011/west-bank-story
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International Court of Justice
• Established by UN charter• Sits in The Hague, Netherlands• Legal disputes between states• Provides legal opinions• 5 SC nations have veto power
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International Criminal Court
Created in 2002Prosecutions of individuals accused of genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.Operates independently of UNThe US does not submit to the ICCMaximum sentence – life imprisonment
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IGOs
• Inter-Government Organizations are Funded by Member Nations
• May be established for a specific purpose
• May be UN Agencies oUnicefoUN High Commission for Refugees17
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Goal of UN IGOs
• Raise Awareness of Problems• Increase Local Capability• Train Local Personnel• Rarely Carry Out Programs on the
Ground
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International Institutions
Large and Powerful Organizations Make PolicySet the Rules Promote and Facilitate Globalization• World Bank• IMF• World Trade Organization
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The World Bank
Provides low interest loans to developing countries for education, agriculture and business projects.Goal is to promote “inclusive, sustainable growth.”
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International Monetary Fund
Monitors currency marketsProvides loans to developing countries to stabilize marketsGoal is to “facilitate international trade, while promoting economic development.”
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World Trade Organization
Establishes global rules of trade between nationsFramework for trade policy:Non-discrimination (all members treated equally)Binding enforceable commitmentsTransparencyNot part of UN systemPredecessor was GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
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Protests Target WTOLabor Unions Environmental Groups Human Rights Advocates Animal Rights Groups
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NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949
Inter - Governmental Military Alliance Reflects Cold War divisions Response to threat from Soviet Union (Warsaw Pact countries) Mutual defense if attacked by outside power• Afghanistan
Intervention - Military Training - Disaster Relief• Kosovo• Libya
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The European Union 1993Union of 27 European States • Single market - 26% of global GDP• Open borders• Common environmental policy• Cooperation on security matters• Reciprocity between court systems• European Parliament & Court of Justice
The Euro• Common currency 1999• 17 of 27 members and other non-members (not
UK)• Central Bank
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Non-Governmental Organizations
• NGOs are many and varied – civil society organizations that operate outside of gov’t.
• Some well known NGOs areo The Red Crosso Habitat For Humanityo Amnesty Internationalo Doctors Without Borders o CAREo Oxfamo Green Peaceo Grameen Bank
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What is the Advantage of NGOs?
• More Flexible • More Focused• More Streamlined• Work Directly With the People “on the
ground”• Can Be More Critical of Human Rights
Abuses
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Relationship With The UN
• Must adhere to the humanitarian principles and practices of the UNo Must have transparent accounting practices
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The Work of NGOs
• Social Justice• Humanitarian Aid• Economic Development• Environmental Preservation
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Social Justice• Amnesty International
o Unlawful imprisonmento Torture
• Caritas (Catholic Charities) o Victims of violence, rape, kidnappingo Eviction or displacement of the poor
• Save the Children o Support for familieso Education
• The Girl Effect – to end poverty among women http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIvmE4_KMNw
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Humanitarian Aid
• Red Cross/Red Crescent• Doctors Without Borders -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73zMcdGfXGE
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Economic Development
• Microfinance - A new approach to economic development
• Small loans to needy individuals in developing areas
• Goal is to promote entrepreneurship• How is this sustainable development?
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Economic Development
• KIVA oMicrofinance ProjectsoCreates a positive imageoNo starving babiesoPoor people who work hard to
support themselvesohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=MXk4GUGXNTQ
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KIVA Entrepreneur
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Economic Development• Grameen BankoFounded by Muhammad Yunus
(won Nobel Peace Prize)oGrameen – “rural” in BengalioMicrocredit – small loans to poor
people (esp. for women)ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=veaVikY3u98
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Environmental Preservation• GreenpeaceoWorks to change attitudes and
behaviors regarding the environmentoClimate and energy (oil, nuclear)oPromotes safe fishing & anti-whalingoSustainable agriculture (against toxic
fertilizers & use of Genetically Modified Organisms)
ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVu9eawb1QY
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Funding for NGOs
• Foundations o Grants
• Donations o Fundraisers
• Dues or memberships o Special interests (AARP)
• Bequests o Tax advantages
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Problems With Funding
• NGOs are not immune to fundraising and other financial scandals
• A scandal in one organization taints the entire field
• Fundraising for NGOs is a field in itself
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Bill Clinton on NGOs
http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-september-17-2009/exclusive---bill-clinton-extended-interview-pt--1
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Bill Clinton on North Korea
http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-september-17-2009/exclusive---bill-clinton-extended-interview-pt--2
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Tim in Vietnam with NGO field staff.
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