World Religions

Judaism

• Jews believe in one god.• Their holy book is called the Torah which

consists of Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy.

• The Tanakh is made up of the Torah, the Prophets (Nev’im) and the Writings (Ki’tuvim)

• The Ten Commandments were given to Moses from G-d on Mt. Sinai.

Judaism• How did Abraham go from polytheistic to

monotheistic?– Midrash story

• G-d made a sacred covenant with Abraham that his descendants would be plentiful and would settle in the Promised land.

• Social Justice• Religion and a Culture• 14 million followers• No Original sin. People sin and atone for their

sins

Types of Judaism

• There are 4 types of Judaism:– Orthodox– Conservative– Reform– Reconstructionist

• There are 2 cultural types of Jews– Ashkenazi– Sephardic

Jewish Holy Cities

• Jerusalem

Jewish holidays

• All Jewish holidays start at sundown and end at sundown

• Shabbat (Sabbath) – Friday night to Saturday night

• Big holidays– Passover– Yom Kippur– Sukkot

Other holidays

• Other not as important holidays– Rosh Hasannah– Hannukkah– Purim

Bellringer

• Turn to page 114 in your textbook and fill in your civilization charts.

• When you finish that on a piece of paper in your three-pronged folder answer the following questions:– What do you remember from yesterday about the

different religions?– What similarities do you see between the

religions? Differences?• Choose two religions to compare and contrast

History of Islam• Developed in the Middle East during the 7th century• Founded by the Prophet Muhammad • Muhammad was a descendent of Ishmael, Abraham’s

son.• Muhammad lived in Mecca. He went to a cave to find

solitude. In this cave he was visited by the angel Gabriel. Gabriel told Muhammad the word of G-d, which Muhammad wrote down and is the basis of the Quran.

• Muhammad preached the belief of One G-d to the people of Mecca. They ran him out of town and he fled to Medina.

Islam facts

• Means “Submission” • Followers are called Muslims “one who submits”• Holy book is the Quran• One G-d called Allah• 1.5 Billion followers• Believe that Jesus was a prophet of G-d, but not

divine• Respect “Followers of the Book” ( Jews and

Christians)

Beliefs of Islam

• 5 pillars of Islam– Shahadah– Salat– Zakat– Sawm– Hajj

• Don’t believe in original sin• Salvation through good works

Holy Cities of Islam

• Medina• Mecca – Ka’aba (house of G-d built by

Abraham and Ishmael)– Non-Muslims are not allowed to enter the city

• Jerusalem – Dome of the Rock– Muhammad ascended to heaven to meet

prophets

Types of Islam

• After the death of Muhammad leadership was in question

• Sunni– Believe that the new leader should be elected

• Shia– Believe that leadership should have gone to

Muhammad’s cousin/son in law. That it should remain in the family

Islamic Holidays

• Begin at sundown• Eid Al-Fitr– Celebrates the end of Ramadan

• Eid Al-Adha– Celebrated on the 10th day of the last month of

the Islamic calendar

Christianity

• Jesus was a Rabbi from Galilee who preached about love. The Romans were in charge of the area.

• Jesus was crucified on orders of Pontius Pilate.

Christian beliefs• 2.2 Billion followers• One G-d who exists in three parts (the Father, the Son,

and the Holy Spirit)• The holy book of Christians is the Bible• Jesus is the son of G-d and died for people’s sins.• Three days after Jesus was crucified, he was

resurrected. • People are born with sin • Salvation by accepting Jesus (Protestant)– Catholics through Jesus and tithing and Church doctrine

• Distinct heaven and hell

History of Christianity

• After Jesus’ death, his disciples began to spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire

• Christians were persecuted until 313 when Constantine converted with the Edict of Milan

• Council of Nicaea solidified the beliefs of Christianity denouncing some as heretics

Types of Christianity

• Roman Catholic• Greek Orthodox• Protestant

Christian Holidays

• Two big holidays– Christmas– Easter

Documents

• We will break up into small groups. Each group will read a passage from one of the holy books.

• Which religion is the passage from?• As you read, take notes on how the passage

highlights important aspects of the religion.• The groups will then switch to a different holy

book passage.

Compare and Contrast

• In small groups, you will brainstorm the similarities and differences between the different religions.

• We will then share answers in the large group.• We will then discuss how to write a good

history essay.