world religions - weebly€¦ · zoroastrianism. founder, origin & history zoroaster circa 6000...
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![Page 1: World Religions - Weebly€¦ · Zoroastrianism. Founder, Origin & History Zoroaster Circa 6000 BC Persia. Adherents Worldwide 200,000. God(s) & Universe One God, with two sides Ahura](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f7540b11109933f0d7f9596/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World Religions
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Judaism
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Founder, Origin, History
Abraham
“Hebrews”
Circa 1500 BCE
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Adherents Worldwide
Approx. 200 million
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God(s) & Universe
One God
YHWH aka Yahweh
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Human Situation & Life’s
Purpose
Obey God’s commandments
Live ethically
Focus is more on this life than the next
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Afterlife
Not historically emphasized
Beliefs vary from no afterlife to shadowy
existence to the World to Come (similar
to Christian Heaven)
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Practices
Male circumcision at birth
Bar/bat mitzvah at adulthood (13)
Synagogue services on Saturdays
No pork or other non-Kosher foods
Holidays related to historical events
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Texts
Bible (Old Testament)
Talmud
Torah
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Christianity
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Founder, Origin, & History
Jesus Christ
Circa 30 AD
Jerusalem area
Modern day Israel
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Adherents Worldwide
2 billion
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God(s) & Universe
One God who is a Trinity of Father, Son
and Holy Ghost
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Human Situation & Life’s
Purpose
All have sinned and are thereby separated from God
Salvation is through faith in Christ
For some sacraments and good works
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Afterlife
Eternal Heaven or hell
Temporary purgatory
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Practices
Prayer
Bible study
Baptism
Eucharist
Church on Sundays
Numerous holidays
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Texts
Bible
◼ Old Testament
◼ New Testament
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Islam
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Founder, Origin & History
Muhammad
622 AD
Saudi Arabia
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Adherents Worldwide
1.3 Billion
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God(s) & Universe
One God
Allah
Muhammad is the last true Prophet
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Human Situation and Life’s
Purpose
Humans must submit to the will of God
to gain admittance to paradise after
death
Islam – submission to God’s will
Muslim – one who submits
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Afterlife
Paradise
Hell
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Practices
Five Pillars
◼ Faith
◼ Prayer
◼ Alms
◼ Pilgrimage -- Hajj
◼ Fasting
Mosque services on Fridays
Ablutions before prayer
No alcohol or pork
Holidays related to the pilgrimage
Fast of Ramadan
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Texts
Qur’an (scripture)
Hadith (tradition)
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Zoroastrianism
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Founder, Origin & History
Zoroaster
Circa 6000 BC
Persia
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Adherents Worldwide
200,000
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God(s) & Universe
One God, with two sides
Ahura Mazda -- Good
Angra Mainyu -- Evil
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Human Situation & Life’s
Purpose
Humans are free to do good or evil
Must choose the side of good
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Afterlife
Judgment followed by heaven or hell
Hell is temporary until final purgation and
return to Ahura Mazda
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Practices
Good deeds
Charity
Equality
Hard work
Fire ritual
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Texts
Zend Avesta
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Hinduism
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Founder, Origins & History
Indigenous Religion of India
Developed to present day
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Adherents Worldwide
900 Million
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God(s) & Universe
One supreme Reality (Brahman)
manifested in many gods and goddesses
Monotheistic
Trimurti
statue of
Brahma,
Shiva &
Vishnu
symbolizing
the supreme
being.
Ganesh
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Human Situation & Life’s
Purpose
Humans are in bondage to ignorance and illusion
But are able to escape
Purpose is to gain release from rebirth, or at least
a better rebirth
Reincarnation
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Afterlife
Reincarnation until enlightenment is
gained
Moksha
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Practices
Yoga
Meditation
Devotion to a god or
goddess
Pilgrimage to holy cities
Live according to one’s
dharma (purpose or role
in life)
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Texts
The Vedas
Upanishads
Bhagavad-Gita
Ramayana
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BuddhismDharma Wheels
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Founder, Origins & History
Siddharta Gautama (the Buddha)
Circa. 520 BC
North East India
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Adherents Worldwide
360 Million
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God(s) & Universe
Varies
◼ Theravada – atheistic
◼ Mayana – polytheistic
◼ Buddha taught that nothing is permanent
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Human Situation & Life’s
Purpose
The purpose is to avoid suffering
Gain enlightenment and release from
cycle of rebirth
Or at least attain a better rebirth by
gaining merit
Reincarnation
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Human Situation & Life’s
Purpose, con’t
Four Noble Truths
1. Suffering exists
2. Suffering arises from attachment to desires
3. Suffering ceases when attachment to desire
ceases
4. Freedom from suffering is possible by
practicing the Eightfold Path
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Human Situation & Life’s
Purpose, con’t
Eightfold Path:◼ Right View
◼ Right Thought
◼ Right Speech
◼ Right Action
◼ Right Livelihood
◼ Right Effort
◼ Right Mindfulness
◼ Right Contemplation
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Afterlife
Reincarnation until enlightenment is gained
Nirvana
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Practices
Meditation
Mantras
Devotion to deities (in some sects)
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Texts
Tripitaka
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Confucianism
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Founder, Origin & History
Confucius
Circa 551-479 BC
China
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Confucianism Adherents:
5 million
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God(s) & Universe
none
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Human Situation & Life’s
Purpose
Purpose of life is to fulfill one’s role in
society with propriety, honor and loyalty
Five Relationships
◼ Subject to Ruler
◼ Son to Father
◼ Younger Brother to Elder Brother
◼ Wife to Husband
◼ Friend to Friend
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Afterlife
Not addressed
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Practices
Honesty
Politeness
Humaneness
Perform correct role in society
Loyalty to family and nation
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Texts
Analects
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Animism
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Indigenous religion of pre-historic
peoples from all over the world
Founder, Origins & History
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Adherents Worldwide
unknown
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God(s) & Universe
Multitude of gods and goddesses
Represented in all forms of nature
ALL THINGS HAVE A SPIRIT AND ALL
SPIRITS MUST BE APPEASED
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Human Situation and Life
Purposes
The basis for animism is acknowledgment that there is a spiritual realm which humans share the universe with.
The concepts that humans possess souls and that souls have life apart from human bodies before and after death are central to animism, along with the ideas that animals, plants, and celestial bodies have spirits.
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Afterlife
None addressed
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Practices
gods often are immortalized by
mythology explaining the creation of fire,
wind, water, man, animals, and other
natural earthly things.
Although specific beliefs of animism vary
widely, similarities between the
characteristics of gods and goddesses
and rituals practiced by animistic
societies exist.
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Texts
none