World War I

“The Great War”--the war to end all wars--

1914-1918Ch. 14.3 & 16.1-3

Unit 4 #19

Unit 4 - Study Guide & Important Dates

+25 points added on to Unit 4 TestHonors Classes --- +20pts on Test Unit 4 Quiz – Wed, Nov. 26th Major Unit Homework – regular & honors WWI Posters – Tues, Nov. 25th ‘All Quiet’ – Mon, Dec. 1st Unit 4 WWI Test – Dec. 3 & 4

All Quiet on the Western Front-US History Honors-

Erich Maria Remarque – Author (Remark) Motion Pictures 1930/1977/NOW

Book – 1929Banned & Burned in NAZI Germany

Chapters -- 11 – Remember your #

War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!

German Soldier at Verdun

WW I – More people died in one battle than in our entire Civil War

Four Main Causes of WW I1) Nationalism – Strong feelings people have for

their own country

Americans feeling when watching Olympics: Michael Phelps wins Gold

“Extreme Pride for your own country”

Europe was a small place with many Developed & Competing Countries

Aggressive Nationalism Aggressive Nationalism

2) Imperialism – The struggle or competition for colonies around the world

3) International RivalriesThe nations of Europe wanted to weaken their rivals

and strengthen alliances• Many countries in a small location• Build Armies for Defense & Strength• This leads to a great “Arms Race”Example

1) Germany’s new navy challenged Britain's long standing naval supremacy2) Germany’s disciplined army scared its

neighbors France & Russia

The Dreadnought Battleship-the most powerful war machine on earth

• Br. Started building & Gr. quickly followed

• Started the “Arms Race”

Militarism & Arms Race Militarism & Arms Race

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany 73%

Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]

in millions

4) System of Alliances• Attempt by each country to gain security through

alliancestried to find – “Balance of Power”

• Many Alliances were done in secrecy

- other countries didn’t know what side you

were on “entangling alliances”

Two Main Alliances1) Triple Entente – GB,FR,Russia (Allies)2) Central Powers – GR, Aust.-Hun. Ottoman Empire

The Major Players: 1914-17The Major Players: 1914-17

Nicholas II [Rus]

Nicholas II [Rus]

George V [Br]George V [Br]

Pres. Poincare [Fr]Pres. Poincare [Fr]

Allied Powers:Allied Powers:

Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]

Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]

Central Powers:Central Powers:

Enver Pasha[O.E/Turkey]Enver Pasha[O.E/Turkey]

Victor Emmanuel II [It]

Victor Emmanuel II [It]

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914

The“Powder Keg”of Europe

Russia

A-H

Ottomans

All wanted control

The“Powder Keg”of Europe

Russia

A-H

Ottomans

All wanted control

The “Spark”That Starts the

Great War

The “Spark”That Starts the

Great War

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family – Heir to throne in A-H

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family – Heir to throne in A-H

The Assassination/ SarajevoThe Assassination/ Sarajevo

The Assassin: The Assassin: Gavrilo PrincipSerbian NationalistWanted to free the Slavic people in A-H-Liberate the Balkans

Gavrilo PrincipSerbian NationalistWanted to free the Slavic people in A-H-Liberate the Balkans

Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?

Chain of Events Take PlaceCanvas-overview of the war

• A-H declares war on Serbia/ July 28, 1914• Russia comes to the aid of Serbia• Germany declares war on Russia & Fr.• Britain stays neutral until Gr. Attacks Belgium/Fr.• Italy is drawn in by Allies – land from A-H

The USA – Neutral until 1917

German Women Factory Workers German Women Factory Workers

European Countries Mobilize for War

French Women Factory Workers French Women Factory Workers

France Germany Russia Britain0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Soldiers MobilizedM

illi

on

s

New French RecruitsNew French Recruits

The Schlieffen PlanGR. Attacks Fr. Through

Belgium

The Schlieffen PlanGR. Attacks Fr. Through

Belgium

August 4, 1914

Two Front War Developsin Europe

1) Eastern Front Gr. & A-H push deep into Russia - then slows

2) Western Front Gr. Attacks France through Belgium1st Battle of the Marne

- Allies stop the Gr. Offensive just outside of Paris as the attack bogs down

Trench War – Stalemate (attack-retreat)

No Man’s Land / “Going Over the Top”

German trenches

Major Trench Battles in WWI

1) Battle of Verdun (Feb-July 1916)A sacred place for the French “Battle of Attrition”

1 million men – killed/wounded/missing

2) Battle of the Somme (July-Nov 1916)

started to take pressure off of Verdun60,000 Br. Casualties in one day1 million killed

Somme Battlefield MapVerdun is slightly south

The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916

e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

“No Man’s Land”“No Man’s Land”

Europe in 1914Europe in 1914

Trench with French soldiers

German remains at Verdun

Dead French soldiers in the Argonne

The Western Front by 1916The Western Front by 1916

The Central Powers end up Fighting a Two Front War

Fighting Took place in the Colonies too - Africa

Fighting Took place in the Colonies too - Africa

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen

[German E. Africa]

Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen

[German E. Africa]

T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia) & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia) & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

Sacrifices of Soldiers in WarSacrifices of Soldiers in War

Development of Pilates

• Joseph Pilates – Born in Germany• Wanted to help injured soldiers regain

confidence & control of their lives after suffering debilitating injuries on the Front

• This became the core strengthening workout used today

The Shell-Shattered Area of Chateau Wood, Flanders

Scene in the trenches

Looking out from the entrance of a A A A Captured Pill-Box on the Shell

Ravaged Battlefield

Weapons of War The Great War saw destruction on the

field of battle like never before1) Old-Fashioned Strategies

2) New Technologies

(On the next slides note many new technologies of the War)

German U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-BoatsAllied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

Poison Gas Attacks

The three main types of Poison Gas – don’t write down Chlorine - a greenish, yellow heavier than air gas which in its pure form is an oxidizing agent. This means that it will react in the presence of water to cause a chemical burning effect on organic matter.

Phosgene - a colorless, odorless, heavier than air gas formed by heating carbon tetrachloride. It is highly poisonous in that it will preferentially replace oxygen in the cells and quickly causes an oxygen debt within the body, unconsciousness and death.

Mustard gas - gas with a distinctive mustard smell, it causes blistering and huge sores on any exposed tissue, internal or external.

Effects of Mustard Gas

Gas attack seen from an airplane

Gas masks for man and horse demonstrated by American soldier

America never used poison gas on our enemies

Russians fighting while under gas attack

Machine Gunsshoot thousands of bullets per minute

German machine gun trench

Barbed Wire

Flamethrowers

Phosphorus Grenade Exploding

Periscope Rifle

Krupp 420mm howitzer

Krupp railroad gun “Big Bertha”-named after his wife / hard to locate on rail / could shoot

over 60 miles from behind German Lines

British Mark I tank

French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank

The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin

The AirplaneThe Airplane

“Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917“Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

The Flying Aces of World War IThe Flying Aces of World War I

Eddie Rickenbacher, US

FrancescoBarraco, It.

Rene PaukFonck, Fr.

Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.

[The {Red Baron}”]Willy Coppens de

Holthust, Belg.

Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.

Looking for the “Red Baron”Looking for the “Red Baron”

'Who are they? What are they?' asked Sam shuddering, turning to Frodo. 'I don't know,' said Frodo in a dreamlike voice. 'But I have seen them too. In the pools when the candles were lit. They lie in all the pools, pale faces, deep under the dark water. I saw them: grim faces and evil, and noble faces and sad. Many faces proud and fair. But all foul, all rotting, all dead. A fell light is in them.' Frodo hid his eyes in his hands. 'I know not who they are…' "Yes, yes,' said Gollum. 'All dead, all rotten…There was a great battle long ago....‘

- J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings

The Cause of the First World War& Map - Homework

• Answer the 10 Questions• Include the 6 Questions from the WWI Map

WW I – Film

Identify the following from the film :1. Otto Dix2. “The Furnace”- The Battle of Verdun3. Pals4. The Battle of the Somme5. Motion Picture – The Battle of the Somme

Otto Dix / German Soldier turned artist