world war i and the treaty of versailles. causes of world war i world war i began when archduke...
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WORLD WAR IAND THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
• World War I began when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian, Gavrilo Princip on June 28, 1914. The Archduke was next in line to be emperor of Austria-Hungary. Serbians were angry with Austria-Hungary since 1908 because it had taken over Bosnia and Herzegovina. This led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia.
• Russia had an alliance with Serbia (due to their similar Slavic backgrounds), so it sent troops to defend Serbia and began World War I.
EUROPE BEFORE WORLD WAR I BEGAN
WHAT IS AN ALLIANCE?
• An alliance is an agreement among people or countries to unite for a common cause.
• Many alliances had formed between European countries before World War I began.
WORLD WAR I ALLIANCES 1914 - 1918
Central Powers• Austria-Hungary• Germany• Turkey• Bulgaria
The Allies• Russia (dropped in 1917)
• France• United Kingdom• Italy (in 1915)
• United States (in 1917)
WHAT HAPPENED?• Germany joined the war due to its alliance with Austria-
Hungary, and France came in on the side of Russia and Serbia. Germany then invaded a neutral Belgium, which brought the United Kingdom in due to its alliance with Belgium.
• In 1917, German submarines sank four American merchant ships, so the United States declared war on Germany and joined the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Russia.
• Russia dropped out of the war due to the Russian Revolution beginning in its country in 1917.
• When WWI ended, nearly 22 million civilians and soldiers from both sides had died.
• The Allies won, but Europe had been devastated.
EUROPEAN DEVASTATION
WWI INTRODUCES NEW WARFARE TACTICS
New ways of fighting and new inventions had been developed that were used in WWI:• Trench warfare• Airplanes• Tanks• Poisonous gas/gas masks• Automatic weapons• U-boats/Submarines
AFTER WORLD WAR I: THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
• Europe was devastated. Many people were left homeless, starving, jobless and poor.
• The Allies blamed Germany for the devastation to Europe and forced Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
• The Treaty of Versailles demanded Germany be punished for the war and declared Germany would:
• Pay for the damages done to much of Europe
• Would give up one million square miles of land in Europe
• Limit its armed forces
• Accept full responsibility for the war and damages
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
• President Woodrow Wilson of the United States had proposed that the nations of the world come together and create a governing body so that another World War would never again occur.
• So the Treaty of Versailles created a League of Nations.
• The United States Senate never agreed to the formation of this League of Nations, so it never proved to be a strong governing body to enforce the punishment of Germany.
Woodrow Wilson Treaty of Versailles