world war i causes

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The Causes of World War I Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

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Page 1: world war i causes

The Causes of World War I

•Militarism

•Alliances

•Imperialism

•Nationalism

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Militarism

• Militarism - Building up weapons and forces to get ready for war

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Militarism

• Germany was competing with the UK to build battleships

• The British feared an attack on their Empire, so they built even more battleships

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Militarism

• Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies

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Alliances

• Alliance - Agreement or promise to defend and help another country

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Alliances

• By 1914 all the major powers were linked by a system of alliances.

• The alliances made it more likely that a war would start.

• Once started, the alliances made it more likely to spread.

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Alliances

• Triple Entente – France, Russia, Great Britain

• Triple Alliance – German, Austria-Hungary, Italy

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Alliances

• Aid – Supporting another country with the use of goods

• Treaty – An agreement to not attack each other

• Alliance – a promise to support another country with military if necessary

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Imperialism

• Imperialism - When one country takes over another territory to try to build up an Empire

• Empire – Where a powerful country controls several less powerful countries

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Imperialism

• All the great powers were competing for colonies and territory

• The British did not want Germany involved in Africa

• The Austrians did not want Serbia or Russia in the Balkans

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Nationalism

• Nationalism – having pride in your country, willing to defend it

• Think: What are some holidays wherepeople celebrate pride in their heritage?

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Nationalism

• This was an age when all nations wanted to assert their power and independence

• Slavs in Austria-Hungary, aided by Serbia and Russia, wanted to be free of Austrian rule

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Key Figures

• Kaiser Wilhelm II • Aggressive foreign policy – wanted

Germany to be a “Bully”

• Built up German army and navy

• Determined to make Germany a top nation

• Distrusted by other powers

“Germany must have its place in the sun”“The world belongs to the strong.”

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Key Figures

• Count Berchtold

• Austrian Foreign Minister, later Prime Minister

• Hated Serbia, wanted a reason to have a war with them

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The Crisis

• June 28, 1914• Heir to the Austrian

throne, Franz Ferdinand, visits Sarajevo

• Sarajevo was the capital of Bosnia, recently grabbed by Austria

• Sarajevo was the center of Slav nationalism

Seal of the Black Hand group

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The Crisis

• “Black Hand” terrorists attack the Arch Duke

• Bomb attempt in the morning fails to kill the Arch Duke

• Later in the day, Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip shoots Archduke and his wife

• Austrians blame Serbia for supporting terrorists

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The Crisis

• Austrians, supported by Germany, send Serbia a tough ultimatum

• Serbia agrees to all but two terms of the ultimatum

• Russia prepares troops to support Serbia

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The Crisis

• Germany demands that the Russian army stand down

• Germany declares war on Russia

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Major Causes of WWI-Arms Race between Germany and France

-Naval Rivalry Between Britain and Germany

-Austria and Russia competing in Southeast Europe

-Two Alliances in place brought everyone against each other

-Germany trying to gain colonies annoys/scares France and Britain

-Extreme Nationalism made people too proud to negotiate problems

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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The Schlieffen Plan

• Germany’s military plan to defeat France and Russia

• A fast attack, or “Knock out blow” was aimed at France first

• Germany could avoid French defenses by invading through neutral country Belgium

• Germans thought Britain would not get involved

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A World War

• Neutral Country – Country that did not support either side in the war, or did not want to get involved

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A World War

• Britain had Ententes with France and Russia which drug them into the fight

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A World War

• 1838- UK had signed a Treaty to protect Belgium.

• Britain also scared of Germany controlling the seas and oceans

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A World War• Britain did not want Germany to defeat

France and dominate Europe

• UK issued ultimatum to Germany to withdraw troops from Belgium.

• Germany Refused; war declared August 4 1914

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What about the United States?

• U.S. President was Woodrow Wilson from 1912 to 1920

• Wilson wanted the U.S. to remain neutral

• Wilson won the election in 1916 by using the slogan “He kept us out of war!”

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What about the United States?

• The U.S. could not stay neutral forever

• As more problems occurred, it became clear that the U.S. would soon be dragged into this world war