First World WarFirst World WarFirst World WarFirst World WarI A New Type of WarI A New Type of WarI. A New Type of WarI. A New Type of War

II. Underlying Causes II. Underlying Causes II. Underlying Causes II. Underlying Causes (Levels of (Levels of Analysis)Analysis)

III. Outbreak of III. Outbreak of WarWar

IV E l i i h W IV E l i i h W IV. Explaining the War IV. Explaining the War

V FalloutV FalloutV. FalloutV. Fallout

I. A New Type of WarI. A New Type of War

Global WarGlobal War Unprecedented Unprecedented CCTotal WarTotal War CarnageCarnage

Trench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench Warfare

Trench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench Warfare

Trench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench Warfare

Gas VictimsGas VictimsGas VictimsGas Victims

II. Levels of Analysis II. Levels of Analysis –– A. InternationalA. InternationalII. Levels of Analysis II. Levels of Analysis A. InternationalA. International1. Germany Unification1. Germany Unification 2. Military Planning (Rapid)2. Military Planning (Rapid)

3. Balance of Power in Europe3. Balance of Power in Europe

B. State/Domestic LevelB. State/Domestic LevelB. State/Domestic LevelB. State/Domestic Level

NationalismNationalismNationalismNationalismSocial DarwinismSocial Darwinism

Multinational Empires Multinational Empires Multinational Empires Multinational Empires

(Austria(Austria--Hungary and Ottoman)Hungary and Ottoman)

A i G P li iA i G P li iAggressive German PoliciesAggressive German Policies

Social UnrestSocial Unrest

Complacency about WarComplacency about War

Kaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm II

Ethnic Groups in AustriaEthnic Groups in Austria--HungaryHungaryEthnic Groups in AustriaEthnic Groups in Austria HungaryHungary

Enthusiasm at the Outbreak of WarEnthusiasm at the Outbreak of War

Adolph Hitler in Munich August 1914Adolph Hitler in Munich August 1914Adolph Hitler in Munich, August 1914Adolph Hitler in Munich, August 1914

C. Individual Level FactorsC. Individual Level FactorsC. Individual Level FactorsC. Individual Level Factors

Weakness of the Key LeadersWeakness of the Key LeadersWeakness of the Key LeadersWeakness of the Key LeadersKaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm II

Tsar NicholasTsar Nicholas

Emperor FranzEmperor Franz--Joseph (Austria)Joseph (Austria)

Dominance of Military Dominance of Military Dominance of Military Dominance of Military Planners in DecisionPlanners in Decision--MakingMaking

Germany’s Schlieffen PlanGermany’s Schlieffen Planyy

T Ni h lTsar Nicholas

Germany’s Schlieffen PlanGermany’s Schlieffen Plan

III. Outbreak of WarIII. Outbreak of War

July 1914: Austrian July 1914: Austrian A hd k FA hd k FArchduke FranzArchduke Franz--Ferdinand visits Ferdinand visits S jS jSarajevoSarajevo

Serb ‘Black Hand’ Serb ‘Black Hand’ and Gavrillo Principand Gavrillo Princip

The mug shot thatThe mug shot thatlaunched millions of deaths

The Initial German AdvanceThe Initial German AdvanceThe Initial German AdvanceThe Initial German Advance

Germany’s advanceGermany’s advanceGermany s advance Germany s advance halted at the Battle halted at the Battle of the Marneof the Marneof the Marneof the Marne“Race to the Sea”“Race to the Sea”Four years of Four years of stalemate on the stalemate on the Western FrontWestern Front

Advances in First World WarAdvances in First World War

IV. Explaining the War: RealismIV. Explaining the War: RealismIV. Explaining the War: RealismIV. Explaining the War: Realism

IV. Explaining the War: LiberalismIV. Explaining the War: LiberalismIV. Explaining the War: LiberalismIV. Explaining the War: Liberalism

IV: Explaining the War: IdentityIV: Explaining the War: IdentityIV: Explaining the War: IdentityIV: Explaining the War: Identity

(Combined) Causes (Combined) Causes of World War Iof World War I(Combined) Causes (Combined) Causes of World War Iof World War I

VV. Fallout from WW I. Fallout from WW IVV. Fallout from WW I. Fallout from WW IAttempts to Reduce German PowerAttempts to Reduce German Power

War GuiltWar GuiltReparationsReparationsR d d B dR d d B dReduced BordersReduced BordersDisarmamentDisarmament

N S (S lfN S (S lf D i i )D i i )New States (SelfNew States (Self--Determination)Determination)Collective SecurityCollective SecurityRevolution in RussiaRevolution in RussiaPsychological/CulturalPsychological/Cultural

Europe 1921Europe 1921