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Bellringer- SPI 7.3

• A major goal of reformers during the Progressive Era was to

A. end segregation in the South

B. correct the abuses of big business

C. limit immigration from Latin America

D. enact high tariffs to help domestic industry grow

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World War ILecture I

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TN Curriculum Standards:

• 1.0-Understand the social tensions and their consequences after the turn of the century.

• 4.0-Understand the governmental policies that affected America and the world during the 1890s-1930s.

• 5.0- Understand the role of the United States in world affairs.

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4 Years/ 8.5 Million Casualties

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Reasons 4 WarWorld War I was fought for 4 MAIN

reasons: • Militarism• Alliances• Imperialism• Nationalism

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Forming Alliances

Germany had quickly become one of the most powerful nations in the world.

*Prussia helped Germany recover land that had been taken by the French.

This made Germany and France bitter enemies.

• Germany knew that they needed to form alliances with other countries to protect their interests.

• They formed what is known as the Triple Alliance.

Triple Alliance- • Germany• Italy• Austria-Hungary (G. I. A.)

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TRIPLE ALLIANCE

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Russia Makes FriendsThe Triple Allliance made Russia nervous.Russians feared that the combined strength of the new alliance would push them to try to take over Russian territories. Russia and Austria-Hungary were bitter enemies.

To protect their interest, Russia decided to form their own alliance with France. It would later come to include Great Britain and the U. S.- the Triple Entente or “Allies”• (G.R. U. F. )

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MILITARISM

• Both set of alliances encouraged militarism.

• militarism- the aggressive build up of armed forces to intimidated and threaten other nations.

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ARMS RACE

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ARMS RACE

Germany began building up their navy- this caused great concern for Britain who at the time had the best navy.

Great Britain and Germany began competing to build warships.

The Brits competition with the Germans made them come closer to signing an alliance with Russia and France.

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British Navy

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NATIONALISM

• Nationalism began to spread across Europe around this same time.

• -nationalism-a feeling of intense pride in one’s homeland, culture, or beliefs.

• -As a result of nationalism, lands and people that had been conquered because of imperialism began to rebel. These people began to push and fight for their independence.

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NationalismThe ethnic groups that had been conquered by Austria-Hungary hated the Germans and the Hungarians.

They rebelled against them at every chance they got. Out of all of the ethnic groups (Czechs, poles, Bosnians, Ruthians, Jews, Gypsies, …etc.) that were rebelling, the Serbians got their independence first.

-The Serbians wanted to take Bosnia, but Austria-Hungary annexed it.

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THE BLACK HANDS• A Serbian terrorist

group named the Black Hand, began to come up with ways to punish Austria Hungary.

• The Black Hands advocated violence and even used mailbox bombs to terrorize their enemies.

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Franz Ferdinand

-As he was riding through the streets, a Serbian nationalist (Gavrilo Princip) shot and killed him. His wife was also shot to death.

*Franz Ferdinand was actually sympathetic to the Serbians.

In June 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne Archduke Franz Ferdinand, traveled to the capital of Bosnia.

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ASSASSINATION OF FRANZ FERDINAND

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DRAWING A LINE IN THE SAND

Austria-Hungary immediately blamed Serbia. They issued

Serbia a 14 pt. ultimatum that they knew Serbia

would never agree to.

As expected, Serbia did not agree. Austria-

Hungary declared war on Serbia.

Since Serbia was aligned with Russia and Austria-Hungary with Germany,

all of the alliance systems entered into the war.

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Germany’s Agenda (Schlieffen Plan)

Germany’s plan was to launch a quick strike against France and knock them out of the war.

In order for them to pull this off, they would have to go through Belgium.

The only problem with going through Belgium was the fact that Belgium was neutral.

Britain had promised the Belgians that they could remain neutral.

When Germany stormed through Belgium, this immediately made Britain declare war on Germany.

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SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

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nEw aLLIANcES• Italy switched sides and

joined the Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and later the U. S.).

• The Central Powers were made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

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AN UNEXPECTED ATTACK!• The battle in France did not go

quite the way the Germans expected. They had an advantage over the British and the French, but were stunned when Russia invaded Germany.

• They did not anticipate their being able to mobilize so quickly.

• They were forced to pull some of their troop from the battle in France to help fight against the Russians in Germany. This weakened the German force in France.

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No Clear Winners• This gave the Allied

forces a chance to advance.

• Both sides were eventually locked in a stalemate in the trenches (lasted about 3 years).

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THE HOME FRONT

• President Wilson was determined to keep the U. S. out of the war. He declared the U. S. to be neutral.

• Americans, particularly immigrant groups began to take sides with their home countries. Other Americans sided with the Allied Powers because of the strong ties to Britain.

• Americans began to urge President Wilson to begin building up our military in case we eventually got drawn into the war.

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THE HOME FRONT

• Publicly, Wilson proclaimed that he was neutral, but his sympathies were really with the Britain and France.

• They shared a similar culture, language, and ideals about liberty. Germany was more militaristic in leadership.

• Wilson knew that America was a nation of immigrants. He worried about how the war in Europe would affect their loyalties.

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Divided We Fall?

• Although we weren’t officially in the war, American businesses began to loan billions of dollars to the Allied Powers.

• Americans in the Midwest loaned millions to aid the Germans.

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BRITISH PROPOGANDA

They mostly described how brutal and wretched the Germans were.

*The British cut the telegraph cable from Europe to the U. S. This allowed them to control all of the news that America got about the war.

They used propaganda (information designed to influence opinions).

The British routinely came up with ways to draw the Americans into the war.

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British Propaganda

• The British labeled the German ruler Kaiser Wilhelm II as “the Mad Dog of Europe” and the “Beast of Berlin”.

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British Propaganda

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British Naval Blockade

• Since Britain’s Navy had control of the seas, they had no trouble setting up a blockade of Germany.

• The U.S. was furious about the blockade because it cut off their trade with Germany.

• In reality, the blockade had little economic effect on the U.S. because the supplies we were exporting to Britain to support their war effort increased by 400%.

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Supplying the Brits

• The U.S. was exporting food, clothing, steel, and munitions to Britain.

• This was enough to pull the U.S. out of the recession that it had been in before the war.

• Supplying Britain with resources would alienate Germany.

• They would soon retaliate by sinking ships headed for Britain.

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Check 4 Understanding

• At the beginning of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson followed a traditional United States foreign policy by

A. refusing to permit trade with either side in the conflict

B. sending troops to aid Great Britain C. declaring American neutrality D. requesting an immediate declaration of war

against the aggressors