World War IThe Great War

1914- 1918

1: World War IFive Causes of World War I

A – AlliancesTriple Alliance (Central Powers) – Germany, Austria-

Hungary, & Italy

Triple Entante (Allied Powers) – France, Great Britain and Russia

P – Propaganda to persuade public opinion

A – Arms Build Up (Weapons)

I – Imperialism by European nations

N – Nationalism – pride in one’s country

World War I

World War I Otto Von Bismarck

unified Germany watchful of France because of the Franco-Prussian

War allied with Austria-Hungary, later joined by Italy

Kaiser Wilhelm II power hungry signed a treaty with France planned a strong navy

World War I Serbia

Wanted to ally Slavic people in the region including Bosnia & Herzegovina

Austria was determined Not to lose any land they had

previously claimed Not to allow take over Not to allow creation of a Slavic nation

Franz Ferdinand & Wife, Sophie Planned a visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia Promote good will between the people

and Austria-Hungary

World War I

Powder Keg on the Balkan Peninsular

Political tension in the Balkans

was referred to as

The Powder Keg

World War I Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand1914 – Franz Ferdinand & his wife

were on a good-will mission

to Bosnia – they were killed

Princip – a 19 year old Serbian

nationalist was the assassin Member of the Black Hand,

A nationalist group wanting

to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule Did not want to be Austrian Did not want alliance

with Austria-Hungary

World War I Murders

Gave Austria-Hungary and excuse to punish Serbia German offered to support Austria-Hungary Austria sent Serbia and ultimatum

Must end all anti-Austrian activity Must allow Austria to investigate the assassination

Serbia Agreed to some demands Others would be settled on the international level

Austria Rejected Serbia’s offer and declared war on Serbia

Russia mobilized troops to support Serbia

2: World War IAlliances

Complex alliances drew most of the countries of Europe into war.

Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy (Ottoman Empire & Bulgaria)

-vs-

Russia, France, & *Britain (Japan, many others including U. S.)

World War I

NeutralAllied Powers

Central Powers

World War ISchlieffen Plan – Germany’s quick victory plan Large portion of German army would go west

to quickly defeat France Then quickly east to defeat Russia

Germans decided to

take the short cut

through Belgium

World War IBelgium A Neutral Nation Germany

Demanded that troops be allowed through Belgium

Belgium Refused to let Germany through Great Britain, ally of Belgium, pledged support

Germany Forced their way through Belgium Causing Great Britain to declare war on Germany

Italy pulled out because of the actions of Germany

World War IWestern Front With a German victory almost certain

the French intercepted the German plan of attack

Allies attacked the Germans north of Paris

600 taxis were used to transport French soldiers to the battlefield

Allies won Schlieffen Plan failed

WHY DID THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN FAIL?

World War ITrench Warfare – deep ditches from which the

battles occurred.

Troops from both sides would eat, drink, and

sleep in the trenches.

No man’s land – space between the trenches

World War I Advanced Weapons of WW I

Machine Guns

Poison Gas

Armored Tanks

Advanced Artillery

Submarines

Millions of lives were lost because of the advances in weapons.

World War IThe Eastern Front Area along the German/Russian border Russia & Serbia -vs- Germany, Austria & The Ottoman Turks The Russian army was weakening Although Russia had the early victories, Germany

eventually gained ground.

The Eastern and Western Fronts were not Germany’s only problems.

Garth Brooks - Belleau Wood

Oh, the snowflakes fell in silenceOver Belleau Wood that nightFor a Christmas truce had been declaredBy both sides of the fightAs we lay there in our trenchesThe silence broke in twoBy a German soldier singingA song that we all knew

Though I did not know the languageThe song was "Silent Night"

Then I heard my buddy whisper,"All is calm and all is bright"Then the fear and doubt surrounded me'Cause I'd die if I was wrongBut I stood up in my trenchAnd I began to sing along

Then across the frozen battlefieldAnother's voice joined inUntil one by one each man becameA singer of the hymn

Then I thought that I was dreamingFor right there in my sightStood the German soldier'Neath the falling flakes of whiteAnd he raised his hand and smiled at meAs if he seemed to sayHere's hoping we both liveTo see us find a better way

Then the devil's clock struck midnightAnd the skies lit up againAnd the battlefield where heaven stoodWas blown to hell again

But for just one fleeting momentThe answer seemed so clearHeaven's not beyond the cloudsIt's just beyond the fear

No, heaven's not beyond the cloudsIt's for us to find it here

World War INo Man’s Land

World War ITrench Warfare

3: World War IGlobal ConflictIn hopes on ending the stalemate of war

- the Allies attacked the Dardanelles

- considered the gateway to Constantinople

- called the Gallipoli Campaign

- the Allies made repeated assaults

- became a stalemate, finally the Allies gave up

With the help of the Arabs

- Allied forces took control of Baghdad, Jerusalem, & Damascus

Other places

- Germany’s colonial possessions came under assault

World War I The United States Enters the War

1. unrestricted submarine warfare (Germany)+Germany established a blockade around Britain+promised to sink any ship,without warning near

Britain +sank British passenger ship Lusitania, killing over 1,000 people including 128 Americans

THE AMERICAN PUBLIC WAS OUTRAGED, SOME DEMANDED THAT AMERICA ENTER THE WAR

World War I

World War I2. Zimmermann Note

+ British intercepted a note from the Germans to the ambassador in Mexico, promising to help Mexico get back land lost to the U.S. for Mexico’s help against the U.S.

America Declared War on Germany- April 2, 1917

World War I Total War

Devoting all of the nation’s resources to war Rationing of goods Limit on use of products

Women and War Women went to work in the factories Worked the farms Kept troops supplied with basic needs

World War I Russia Withdraws From WW I Total loss in life was over 5 million Lenin insisted that Russia pull out Offered Germany a truce Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Surrender lands that included

parts of Finland, Poland,

Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania,

& Estonia

World War I AFTER RUSSIA PULLED OUT

Most German soldiers were sent to the Western Front Pushed within 40 miles of Paris Allies launched a massive counter

attack Second Battle of the Marne Allies were victorious. Nov. 11, 1918 an armistice

was signed

4: World War I Paris Peace Conference

Delegates from 32 nations met Key players

Woodrow Wilson – U. S. George Clemenceau – France David Lloyd George – Gr. Britain Vittorio Orlando of Italy

World War I Wilson’s Plan - FOURTEEN POINTS A plan for lasting peace in Europe

1-4 –end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and reduction in military forces

5 – adjustment of colonial claims with fairness to colonial people

6-13 – specific suggestion for border changes and the creation of new nations

14 – League of Nations – international organization to keep world peace

Self-determination – allowing the people to decide under which type of government they would live

World War I Treaty of Versailles signed June 28, 1919

Punishment for Germany Lost territory & restrictions placed on the military, “War Guilt Clause” – Germany would take blame for the

war and be required to pay reparations to the Allies Overseas territories would be governed by the League of

Nations until they could function independently

World War I The U. S. ultimately rejected the treaty

American’s rejected the League of Nations Believed the best hope for peace was to stay out of the

affairs of Europe Germany

Angry over the war guilt clause Angry over loss of land

Other Nations Italy and Japan did not get the land they wanted

World War I LEGACY

War of new and deadly technology War of extreme costs

8.5 million soldiers killed 21 million wounded Drained the treasuries of Europe Destroyed acres of farmland as well has homes, villages

and towns Survivors

Insecurity and despair Shown in art and literature following the war

World War I Posters

World War I Posters

World War I Posters

World War I Posters

World War I Posters