World War I Outcome: Events Prior to U.S. Entry

1. U.S. Position: _________________

a. President ___________ encouraged neutrality in “_____________ & ____________”

b. Neutrality Problems

i. U.S. traded w/________ sides, but ties w/__________________ were strongest

1. Common ______________, _______________, & _________________

2. By 1917, U.S. loans to the Allies reached $_______ billion

ii. Great Britain spread anti-German __________________ to the U.S.

iii. G. Britain blockaded Europe, stopping our trade w/_______________ (famine)

iv. Germany began ______________ warfare (violated “__________ of ______”)

1. Attacked ships in ___________ ports

2. Declared a “________ __________” around the British Isles

v. Sinking of the ________________ (May 7, 1915)

1. U.S.-________________ relations worsen

2. Germany questioned U.S. ______________ & the ship’s __________

3. Ship was loaded with _______________ purchased from the _______

4. Wilson demanded in a letter of _________ that Germany end sub

_____________, & apologize and pay ______________ to the families

vi. March 1916: The French ship ____________ was sunk w/Americans on board.

Germany agreed to the “Sussex Pledge,” a promise to _________ ships before

sinking them.

2. Election of 1916

a. (D) Wilson: “__________” and (R) Charles E. Hughes: “___________”

i. Both hand campaigned for _________ & ____________

ii. ________ may have hurt (R) chances for victory with pro-war speeches

b. Cliff-hanger: ____________ won by 20 electoral votes (CA decided the outcome)

c. Message: Did the citizens of the US _________ to go to ________ despite Wilson??

3. Events to US Entry

a. By 1916, the War in Europe became ______________ on both ____________

i. Western Front = _______ miles of ___________ extending from the English

Channel to the ___________ Sea (Defended by ________ and ____________)

ii. Eastern Front = line defended by _______________

iii. Little progress & high _______________ led to frustration on both sides

b. Germany resumed ____________ _____________ warfare to break the ___________

i. Stopped issuing _____________; 3 U.S. ships were ________ in one day

ii. The Kaiser felt confident the ______ would not enter the war

iii. U.S. responded by ending ____________ relations w/Germany

c. ________________ Note (“_________ Straw”) published on March 1, 1917)

i. Letter from Germany to __________ asking for an alliance against the U.S.

ii. Intercepted and decoded by __________ ______________

iii. ____-war fever intensified in the U.S.; ____ demanded we enter in the name of

_______-____________. Soon after, ___ more unarmed U.S. ships were sunk.

d. March 1917, ______________ surrendered to Germany

e. Wilson asked ______________ for a Declaration of ________ on April 2, 1917

i. Enemy: German _______________, not the German __________

ii. Wilson: “America must go to war to make the world safe for _____________”

iii. Congress declared war on _____________________

4. The War in Europe

a. The Allies were _______________ in 1917

i. In March, 1917 a Russian peoples’ _________ overthrew Czar _____________

and a _______________ government was set up

ii. In November 1917, this weak gov’t was overthrown by the _______________

led by ______________, eventually resulting in a _____________ government

iii. In December, 1917 Russia agreed to an ____________ on the ___________

Front and withdrew, leaving Germany to fight a 1 front war (All German forces

could now be sent to the ___________ Front in concentration)

b. June, 1917: 1st U.S. troops arrive in Europe

i. A.E.F. = ______________ ___________ ______________ were led by

General __________ _________________

ii. By 1918, 2 million U.S. “_________________” were in France

iii. Wilson began plans for __________ _____________ based on his ____ Points

World War I

Outcome: Causes of World War I

1. What Causes Most Wars a. Extreme ___________________ (“Super Patriotism” or love for one’s country) b. __________________: Spreading the political or economic control of one country

over another c. ___________________: using force or the threat of force against another nation d. Entangled system of __________________ (secret) e. _________________ ________________

2. Rival Alliances Created a “False Sense of Security”

a. Triple ________________ i. Great Britain: King ______________

ii. France: Premier _________________ iii. Russia: Czar _________________

b. Triple ________________ i. Germany: Kaiser ______________

ii. Austria-Hungary: _______________

3. What Caused World War I a. Unrest in the Balkans

i. Bosnians felt ____________ under the rule of ____________-___________ ii. Goal: To create a “Greater _____________” (unite ____________ people)

iii. This movement was strongly supported by “Mother ________________”

b. June 28, 1914: Archduke __________________________ (Austria’s heir to the throne) was assassinated by a Bosnian ____________________________ while on a good will trip to Sarajevo, Bosnia. This __________ would ignite the ________.

c. Alliance Unfolded: i. Austria declared war on ________________

ii. ____________ supported Serbia (mother country w/ethnic ties) iii. ____________ sided w/Austria & declared war on _________________ iv. ____________ was obligated to help Russia & ___________ to help France v. By August 5, 1914, Europe was engulfed in ___________!

d. Germany’s “____________________ Plan” to avoid a 2 front war failed

i. Front: ______________________________ ii. Western Front would mostly be in _______________

iii. Area between armies was known as “__________________________” iv. Fighting two fronts puts a ________ ________ on resources and man power

4. The Fighting Sides a. Triple Alliance becomes “The ______________ Powers” (The Bad Guys)

i. ____________, ______________-_____________, Turkey, Bulgaria ii. _________ gave up its defensive agreement w/Germany & joined other side

b. Triple Entente becomes “The __________ Powers” or “Allies” (The Good Guys)

i. _______________, ______________, _______________, Italy, ii. ________ would join in April of 1917

c. Eventually over 50 nations were involved in “The ___________ War”

World War I Outcome: The Fighting Ends

1. The German War Machine

a. Germany faced troubles in 1918 i. A home front revolution forced the Kaiser into ________________

ii. Shortage of soldiers (“________ Youth” was gone); mutiny in ___________ iii. U.S. entry proved to be too much for them (fresh _________ & _________)

b. November, 1918 Germany asked for an _________________

i. Nov, 11, 1918 ---> _____________ stopped (________________ Day) ii. The _____________ Powers had won the Great War

iii. An allied __________ of German ports continued until the ______ was signed

2. Peace Conference ---> ___________________, France (Jan. 1919) a. Major Participants (The Big ___________)

i. Prime Minister _________________________ of Great Britain: sought ______ ii. Premier Georges Clemenceau of ___________: sought _____________

iii. ______________________ of Italy: sought _______ promised to them earlier) iv. Pres. ____________ of the ______.: sought “Peace w/o _____________”)

b. What resulted was a _____________ peace ---> ______________ was not allowed

inside, but hoped the peace would be based on _________________ plan

c. Result = The Treaty of ______________ (June 28, 1919) (Product of ____________) i. New _______________ nations were formed in Europe

ii. _____________ were destroyed & ____________ groups were united iii. A ____________ of ____________ was formed to maintain peace and prevent

future __________ ______________ (Wilson’s ________ Point)

iv. _____________ was blamed & _______________ for WWI (war-guilt clause) 1. Asked to pay huge _________________ ($_____ billion) 2. Forced to give up large amounts of _________ 3. Massive _______________ left them w/only a ______________ army

v. The Treaty was __________________ at home, despite ____________ efforts

1. Many feared the “League” was just another _______________ 2. The _______ never joined; rejected by the U.S. ___________ in 1920 3. Most Americans desired ________________________ 4. The U.S. made a separate peace treaty with ______________ in 1921

Result: This treaty planted the seeds of _______________ bitterness after WWI that allowed for __________________ to rise to power and begin ______________________.