world war ii 1939-1945. japanese expansion 1931- japan seized manchuria. the league of nations...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World War II
1939-1945
![Page 2: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Japanese Expansion
• 1931- Japan seized Manchuria.• The League of Nations pressured them to return it
to China, but Japan just withdrew from the League.• 1937-Captured Beijing and Nanking– “Rape of Nanking”- 6 week rampage where they
massacred more than 100,000 civilians and raped about 20,000 Chinese women.
• By 1941, Japan controlled French Indochina and several Pacific islands.
![Page 3: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Italy
• 1935- Italy invaded Ethiopia.• Lack of action with Japan encouraged
Mussolini to act on his promise to expand Italy.
• Italians supported this after feeling cheated by the Treaty of Versailles.
![Page 4: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Germany
• SPACE and RACE– Hitler’s main goal was the territorial expansion of
the superior German race.– This was outlined in Mein Kampf:• Germans are a superior race and should unite to form a
German Empire “Third Reich”• Jews, Poles, Slavs, etc… were inferior and should be
enslaved and forced to die out.• Germans would resettle their land to gain lebensraum
“living space”.
![Page 5: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hitler Defies the Treaty of Versailles
• Treaty limited German army to only 100,000 men. Hitler disobeys this and builds up the military.
• 1936- Hitler marches army into the Rhineland (30 mile demilitarized buffer zone with France).
• The League of Nations was supposed to enforce the treaty but nothing happened
![Page 7: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Appeasement
• GB and France gave in to Hitler to keep peace.• WHY???– Felt guilty about Treaty of Versailles– Saw Hitler as better than Soviet Communism– Great Depression – Pacifism – no one wanted another war
![Page 9: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hitler Expands
• 1938- Hitler annexes Austria (Anschluss)-Next, Hitler demanded the Sudetenland be given to Germany (western region of Czechoslovakia with 3 million Germans)• Czechs ask France for help (allies). Near war.• Sept 1938-Munich Conference– GB and France agree to let Hitler have
Sudetenland. He promises no further expansion.
![Page 10: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
A woman in the Sudetenland greets incoming German troops
with tears and a Nazi salute.
![Page 11: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Munich Conference
![Page 12: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Two Views on the Conference
• GB Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain – I have secured… “peace with honor…peace for our time.”
• Winston Churchill – “They had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor; they will have war.”
![Page 14: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Hitler Breaks His Promise
• March 1939 – Hitler took over Czechoslovakia• August 1939 – Signed the Nazi-Soviet nonaggression
pact with Joseph Stalin.– Stunned the world because they were enemies– Secretly divided Poland and eastern Europe between them
• Sept 1 – Hitler invades Poland• Sept 3 – GB and France declare war. WWII begins!
![Page 15: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
German Invasion of Poland, 1939
![Page 17: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WWII• Blitzkrieg “lightning war” – Poland crushed in 4 weeks– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ha0qKquG2
E• Winter: Sitzkrieg “phony war”• 1940: Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands,
Belgium, and France are taken over by Germany.
![Page 18: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• May 1940- Germans came through the Ardennes Forest to France.
• Bypassed the Maginot Line – system of fortifications along the German/French border.
• British and French troops were trapped! • Miracle of Dunkirk– Heroic rescue of 300,000 Allied soldiers across the
English Channel to GB.
![Page 19: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Operation Sea Lion
• By 1940, all of western Europe was under German control or neutral except GB.
• Battle of Britain: RAF v. Luftwaffe– 57 straight nights of bombing on London and
other cities, then sporadic until May 1941– Killed over 40,000 civilians, massive damage– British never surrendered; Hitler gave up
![Page 23: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Operation Barbarossa
• June 1941-Hitler invades the Soviet Union– Wanted rich resources (land, oil, grain)– Wanted to defeat Communism– Wanted to put more pressure on GB
• Scorched earth policy• Temps reached -40 degrees in Dec 1941;
thousands die• Siege of Leningrad (900 Day Siege) – 1 million
Soviets died over 2 ½ year siege-Supplies blockaded. Ration: 2 pieces bread/day
![Page 24: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Back in the US…
• President FDR is building support for US involvement– Persuaded Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act– Allowed US to sell/lend war materials to “any
country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States”
– Wanted to try to stand up for democracy without joining the war
![Page 26: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Japan
• July 1941 – US cut off sale of oil to Japan because of their takeovers in Asia– Reduced their oil supplies by 90%
• Dec 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor– Sank or crippled every American battleship but all
aircraft carriers were out at sea and unharmed– Killed 2,400 people– “A date which will live in infamy”
![Page 27: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Big Three
• FDR, Winston Churchill, and Stalin– FDR and Churchill were true allies, not Stalin– Only cooperated to defeat Hitler– Stalin wanted FDR and WC to open a 2nd front
against Germany to take pressure off USSR– Didn’t until 1944.
![Page 29: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Turning Points
• May 1942 – Battle of the Coral Sea– 1st time US stops the Japanese air force/navy
• June 1942 – Battle of Midway– Americans destroyed several Japanese ships and planes– “island hopping” strategy
• Jan 1943 – Russians defeat Germans at the Battle of Stalingrad
• May 1943 – Allies led by Dwight. D. Eisenhower force an Axis surrender in North Africa (Operation Torch)
![Page 31: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• IwoJima:Capturedto stagean attackon mainland;26,000 UScasualties
![Page 33: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
D-Day
• June 6, 1944 – Allies land at Normandy (France)
• Free France, Belgium, enter Germany by March 1945
• Soviets also advancing from East• Mussolini – executed• Hitler – suicide Apr 30, surrender May 7• May 8, 1945 – V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
![Page 34: World War II 1939-1945. Japanese Expansion 1931- Japan seized Manchuria. The League of Nations pressured them to return it to China, but Japan just withdrew](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ed95503460f94be7490/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Japan?
• Will not surrender– Kamikaze– Manhattan Project – code name for the research
on atomic bomb– Harry S Truman is now President of US• FDR died April 12, 1945
– August 6 – Hiroshima – 70,000 killed instantly– August 9 – Nagasaki – 40,000; surrender – Many more died later from radiation