world war ii 1939 - 1945. totalitarian governments italy – fascist party - benito mussolini il...
TRANSCRIPT
Totalitarian Governments Italy – Fascist Party - Benito Mussolini
Il Duce – The Leader Blackshirts
Germany – Adolf Hitler Nazi Party Der Fuhrer – The Leader Beer Hall (Munich) Putsch 1923 – attempts to take over
govt. In jail, writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Consolidates power (over Weimar Republic) Black Shirts, Brown Shirts, Gestapo Chancellor in 1933 Terror and intimidation; propaganda (Joseph Goebbels),
Hitler youth, education, media http://www.history.com/videos/hitlers-plans-for-a-new-germa
n-capital
USSR & Japan
Joseph Stalin (Man of Steel) Control over industry, farms 5 Year Plans to industrialize Great Purge – destroys Millions die under forced labor, collective farms, prisons Japan – Emperor Hirohito Heideki Tojo – military Invades Manchuria, China, Territorial expansion
Europe Goes to War
1. 1936 - German troops occupy the Rhineland
2. 1938 – Germany annexes Austria – Anschluss
3. Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) Germany needs lebenstraum Munich 1938 – appeasement Neville Chamberlain gives in
4. Germany takes rest of Czech.
Europe Goes to War
5. Germany signs non-aggression pact (Nazi-Soviet Pact) with USSR 1939
6. Sept. 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland
WWII begins
Europe Goes to War Blitzkrieg (“lightening
war”) Hitler crushes Poland Stalin takes half of Poland
for USSR (communist) French build up Maginot
Line - defenses April 9, 1940 – Denmark,
Norway, Netherlands, Belgium fall Takes Paris on June 14,
1940 Evacuation (“Miracle”) at
Dunkirk to England
War cont.
Battle of Britain Luftwaffe vs. Royal Air
Force (RAF) Great acts of individual
bravery June 1940 – June
1941 – 30,000 Londoners killed
Winston Churchill rallies England
Hitler’s first defeat
Americans Debate
Was WWI a mistake? Was it about big industries making money off war? Isolationists debate the interventionists Neutrality Act 1939
Cash & carry – nations could buy from U.S. if they paid cash & used own ships (pro ally)
Lend Lease Act - loans to allies Atlantic Charter – deepening alliance w/Britain; self
determination of nations Hitler orders attacks on U.S. ships
Japan
Japan Builds an Empire Invades Manchuria; other Pacific
Islands 30’s & 40’s American Response
FDR moves Pacific fleet to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Threatens Japan’s expansion America remains neutral
Embargo; Japanese assets frozen
Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 – “a date
which will live in infamy” U.S. enters World War II http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos
/attack-pearl-harbor
Fighting in Italy and North Africa
German General Erwin Rommel – “Desert Fox”
Leads Afrika Corps Panzer units (tanks) Defeated by GB at
Battle of El Alamein
George Patton takes Sicily; North Africa
“Bloody Anzio”, Italy Italy surrenders Mussolini killed by
anti-fascists
War in the Soviet Union
3.6 million Germans attack in 1941
Operation Barbarossa Scorched earth policy Bitter winter Battle of Stalingrad Red Army launches
massive assault; victory for USSR
Turning point in war
Invasion of Western Europe
Build up of troops in GB D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Operation Overlord Largest landing force in
history invades Normandy, France
Dwight D. Eisenhower – Supreme Allied Commander
http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/d-day-invasion
Battle of the Bulge 1944 – Hitler’s last chance to
defend Germany Costly for U.S. Patton stops Germans
War Ends in Europe
The Soviets Advance Move on Berlin
U.S. moves from west Soviets move from east
Soviets take Berlin in April 1945
Germany Surrenders Hitler commits suicide
on May 1, 1945 Germany surrenders on
May 8, 1945 V-E Day (Victory in
Europe Day)
War Ends in Europe cont.
The Yalta Conference Stalin, Churchill, and
FDR (the big three) make postwar plans
Potsdam Conference Divided Germany (4
zones) Stalin promised to
enter war in the Pacific
War in the Pacific The Japanese
advance The Philippines fall General Macarthur
forced to leave (“I shall return”)
Bataan Death March The Battle of Coral
Sea First aircraft carrier
battle Prevented attack of
Australia
War in the Pacific
Allied victories turn the tide
The Battle of Midway Destroy Jap. ships
Iwo Jima and Okinawa Key victories http://www.history.com/
shows/wwii-in-hd/videos/battle-iwo-jima
Kamikaze fighters Island hopping to Japan
War Ends in Pacific
The Manhattan Project – secret project to develop an atomic bomb
Los Alamos FDR dies – Truman makes
decision to drop the bomb August 6, 1945 - “Little Boy”
dropped on Hiroshima August 9, 1945 - “Fat Man”
dropped on Nagasaki Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan
signs surrender
Liberation
Soviet and American troops come upon Nazi concentration camps
World begins to learn about the Holocaust
Genocide http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/vid
eos/concentration-camp-liberation