World War II

World War II

CAUSES OF WWII

Treaty of VersaillesAppeasementRise of Totalitarianism

Joseph Stalin-

New Leaders = New Problems

Hitler in Germany- rise to Nazism – Aryans were physically and morally superior. Purify Germany by removing all other races- Holocaust

Tojo in Japan- rise of militarism- increase military’s power and strength- aggression for more land- Rape of Nanjing- massacred 300,000 Chinese civilians

Mussolini in Italy- fascism- took control of entire country- fascist dictator eliminating civil rights and spying on the people.

Stalin in USSR- totalitarianism- goals to increase agricultural production and modernize industry- killed those who stood in his way- Great Purge- killing millions

Spanish Civil War

1936: General Francisco Franco leads rebels against Spanish republic Republic backed by Soviet Union Franco backed by Hitler & Mussolini led to alliance

[Rome-Berlin Axis] Arose passions across the world – “Spain was the

place to stop fascism”Western Democracies REMAINED neutral1939- Franco victory

Established dictatorship

United States Responds Cautiously

U.S. wanted ISOLATIONISM

1933: Roosevelt wanted to extend foreign relations1935: Congress pushed more towards neutrality

Neutrality Acts: outlawed arms sales and loans to nations at war By 1937 FDR hard to stay neutral : aid China during

Japanese invasion

Objective 2

Explain Hitler’s motives for expansion and how Britain and France responded to those actions.

Review

What were Hitler’s goals? Where do you think he got these ideas from? Rebuild and reform Germany

More land for desirable people Reform areas around Germany to be like master race

Complete control (totalitarianism) Total expansion- Living Space Regain German pride and honor in world

Refused to pay back war debt- coming in to save the day!

Mein KampfEugenics

Mein Kampf

“…the investment of sons today, will someday acquit the responsible statesman of blood-guilt and sacrifice of the people…”

“Germany will either be a world power or there will be no Germany. And for world power she needs that magnitude which will give her the position she needs in the present period, and life to her citizens.”

Hitler’s Nazi Party Gains Support

Hitler as a Leader

Adolf Hitler, took advantage of Germany’s troubles to stir up German nationalism.

Regained German Pride

Rearmed GermanyReasons/need for

more Land

Hitler’s Path to War

Reasons for Expansion: Provide more “living space”

Expand the Third Reich

1. Took back the Rhineland—1936 2. Union with Austria – 19383. Annex Czechoslovakia – 1938

1. Wanted Sudetenland2. “Living space”

Goals: >Convince Western powers he had “good intentions”>Delay start of war until troops ready

1. Hitler’s Road to Expansion

1936- German troops occupied the Rhineland German region on the border with France.

Hitler uses an army to take the land Despite the Versailles Treaty that banned military

activities in this region, League of Nations did nothing in response

2. Hitler Unites With Austria

Hitler was born in Austria

Austria had unstable government

Austrian Nazi Party wins as Chancellor of Austria

Nazi Leaders Unite! No opposition

League of Nations Britain & France

3. Hitler and Nazi Party Welcomed in Czech

Goal: 1. Provide more

“living space” and expand the Third Reich

2. “Last invasion” – convince Western powers he has good intentions

3. Delay war until troops are ready

• Signed Munich Agreement with Great Britain• 1938-Annexed Sudetenland

• Area of German speaking people

Great Britain Responds

Neville Chamberlain: British Prime Minister met with Hitler –

signed Munich Pact Hitler was granted

Sudetenland bc “last territorial demand”

Chamberlain wanted to keep GB out of WAR Chose to believe Hitler

Winston Churchill’s response

Political rival of Chamberlain

Didn’t believe Hitler Truly despised appeasement

“By this time next year we shall know whether the policy of appeasement has appeased, or whether it has only stimulated a more ferocious appetite.” ~ Winston Churchill

Expansion all Around

Hitler- Germany- taking land in Europe Rhineland, Austria,

SudetenlandMussolini- Italy- taking

land in Africa Ethiopia

Tojo- Japan- taking land in Asia Manchuria, China

The rest of the world- passive spectators

Who is going to stop Expansion?

Setting the Stage for War

Hitler WANTED Poland : home to large German speaking population

What would happen if Hitler invaded Poland?1. Britain and France declare war2. Soviet Union would declare war

1939Nonaggression pact: signed between Hitler and StalinCommitted to never attack each other

ATTACK!!

Sept 1, 1939 Germany invades PolandGerman Military Strategy

Blitzkrieg: lightening warfare Without warning, German bombers launched attacks on

railroads, airfields, communication networks, military bases, and other strategic sites.

Attacks prevented Poland’s mobilization- ill equipped & overwhelmed

Sept 17th Germany & USSR had complete control of Poland

Attack Video

1940- Winston Churchill takes over as Prime Minister of GB

5. 1939- Stalin invades and annexes • Estonia• Latvia• Lithuania• Finland

6. April 1940 – Hitler Surprise invasion of • Denmark • Norway

7. Hitler’s Troops march into Paris via Belgium (June 14, 1940)

~ France Surrenders June 22nd

~Charles de Galle: Becomes leader of French gov’t in exile

TIMELINE 1936-1940

1936:1. Germany occupy

Rhineland2. Mussolini’s forces

take Ethiopia3. Civil War erupts in

Spain

1938:4. Germany unites with

Austria5. Germany occupies

Sudetenland

1939:1. Nazi’s take Czech2. Nonaggression Pact

(Germany/Soviet Union)

3. Nazi’s invade Poland4. GB & France

declare war on Germany

5. Soviet annexes surrounding countries

Britain Fights Alone

Hitler aims to defeat the famous British Navy he had to establish dominance in the air. He set up air

bases that conquered lands from France to Norway. Churchill had vowed to fight Germany and defend

Britain with every resource at his disposal. In a speech to parliament, he declared: “We shall not flag (tire) nor fail. We shall go on to the end.

We shall fight… on the seas and oceans; we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air. We shall defend our island whatever the cost may be’ we shall fight on the beaches, landing grounds, in fields, in streets, and on the hills. We shall never surrender”

Battle of Britain Begins

Summer 1940 Germany assembles invasion fleet along French coast

Germany’s Goal of Attack Gain TOTAL control of skies by destroying British

Royal Air Force (RAF)

EVERY NIGHT FOR TWO SOLID MONTH, BOMBERS POUNDED LONDON

http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/interactives/inside-wwii-interactive

BATTLE OF BRITAIN

German tactic: 1. Aim for British Air Fields2. Target Cities

RAF Tactic : Never give up Used new radar techniques

~One night: shot down 185 German planes while only losing 26 planes

After months Hitler called off British invasion indefinitelyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIh6j80mFqM

Selective Training and Service Act

Lend-lease act: allow U.S. to lead or lease supplies to countries fighting Axis powers

Hitler breaks Nonaggression Pact with Soviet Union—Invades Soviet Union

Video Footage

WWII in HD4:00- 21:53