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World War II

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Page 1: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

Page 2: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

I. Seeds of WarA. Failure of Treaty of Versailles1. created resentment in Germanya. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany2. no help to rebuild Europe after the wara. debt, hunger, unemployment

Page 3: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

II. TotalitarianismA. Soviet Union1. Joseph Stalina. communist stateb. one political party, no civil rights, freedomsc. forced labor camps

Page 4: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

B. Italy1. Benito Mussolinia. Fascist Party i. extreme nationalism ii. Blackshirtsb. one party, no rights, freedomsc. Wanted to build new empire (North Africa)

Page 5: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIC. Germany1. Nazi Party a. Nazism – type of fascismb. bitter enemy of communismc. Adolf Hitlerd. Brown Shirts2. Mein Kampf – Hitler autobiographya. extreme nationalismb. master racec. lebensraum – aggressive expansion

Page 6: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

3. Rise of Nazi Party/ Hitlera. Depression – high unemploymentb. scapegoats for WWI i. Weimar Republic, Jews4. Nazi Party won most votes in elections5. Hitler named chancellor6. The Third Reicha. dur Fuhrer (Adolf Hitler)

Page 7: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

D. Japan1. island country – growing population2. Emperor Hirohito3. need modern navy to expand; need more natural resources 4. military took control of gov’t5. invaded Chinaa. Rape of Nanking

Page 8: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

III. Road to War – EuropeA. Germany1. 1935 – broke T of Va. military build-up2. 1936 a. moved troops into Rhineland (dmz b/t France/Germanyb. Rome-Berlin Axis i. 1940 – Germany, Italy, Japan

Page 9: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

B. Italy1. 1935-invaded Ethiopiaa. League of Nations helplessC. Spain1. 1936 – civil war2. Germany tried out new weapons, airforce (Luftwaffe)3. bombing of Guernica

Page 10: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

Page 11: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIIV. U.S. ResponseA. Isolationism1. Neutrality Acts (1935)a. banned weapons sales to countries at war b. FDR wouldn’t enforce law2. FDR made speech against isolationism (Quarantine Speech)3. America First Committeea. isolationist group (Charles Lindbergh)

Page 12: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

V. War in EuropeA. German Aggression19381. annexation of Austria (Anschluss)Þ Lebenscraum2. The Sudatenlanda. part of Czechoslovakia w/large German pop.b. France, Britain ready to defend Czechoslovakia

Page 13: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

c. Munich Pact i. Hitler (G) and Chamberlain (B) ii. Hitler’s “last” demand => Sudatenland iii. appeasement-give in to avoid future conflict iv. Chamberlain: “…peace in our time.”3. 1939 – took rest of Czechoslovakia

Page 14: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

4. 1939 - Nonaggression Pacta. Germany-USSR agreed not to attack each other i. Fascism-Communismb. agreed to divide Polandc. Germany trying to avoid two-front war

Page 15: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II5. 1939 – Blitzkrieg(“lightning war”)a. German invasion of Polandb. Britain, France declared war on Germanyc. Poland “gone” in weeks6. Sitzkrieg (“sitting war”)a. Britain, France on Maginot Line across from German troops

Page 16: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

7. 1940 – blitzkrieg in Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg

Page 17: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II9. 1940 – invasion of Francea. through Ardennes Forest (around Maginot Line)b. Allies trapped at Dunkirk on English Channelc. successful retreatd. France surrendered; occupied by Germany (Vichy France)e. French Underground/Free French Movement i. Charles DeGaulle

Page 18: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

10. Battle of Britaina. Luftwaffe v. RAFb. Hitler changed targets from military to civilian => The Blitzc. Britain held; Hitler called off bombingd. “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” - Winston Churchill (PM)

Page 19: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIThe Holocaust

Page 20: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

VI. The Holocaust• Anti-semitism had a long history in Europe• Jews were/are scapegoats for many problems

(plague, economy, WWI)

Page 21: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

The Holocaust

A. Timeline1. 1935 – Nuremburg Lawsa. stripped Jews of citizenship, rights, propertyb. Star of David worn as id

Page 22: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

The Holocaust

2. 1938 – Krystallnachta. Night of Broken Glassb. Jewish homes, businesses, synagogues attacked3. 1933-39 – Emigrationa. Jews left Germany (Albert Einstein)

Page 23: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

The Holocaust

4. 1939-41 Relocationa. rounded up into segregated areas (ghettos)b. Warsaw (Poland)c. “cleaning” out Jews – not fast enough

Page 24: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

The Holocaust5. Concentration Campsa. work camps6. The Final Solutiona. death camps i. “disappearance of Jewry from Europe”Þ Genocideb. Gypsies, disabled, Poles, Russians, gay,c. Auschwitz, Dachau (Poland)d. 6 million Jews; 13 million persons7. Nuremburg Trials (after war)a. Nazi leaders tried for war crimes, crimes against humanity

Page 25: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIVII. ________ in the WarA. Move Away From ________________1. _____________________(1937)a. allowed supplies/trade w/countries at war2. _____________________(1941)a. supplies now, pay later3. _____________________(1941)a. FDR, ________________ lay out reasons for going to war/ plans for peace afterb. agree to set up “permanent system of security” i. will become the ____________

Page 26: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

B. Japanese Expansion1. Japan expanding in _______________2. US cut of trade – ___________________3. Japan made plans for ______________ on US territory

Page 27: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIC. US Attacked1. __________________ - largest US naval base2. December 7, 1941a. surprise attack – crippled Pacific Fleet (did _______ knock it out)3. FDR – “…a date which will live in ____________…”a. US declared war on __________4. Doolittle Raid (1942)a. US bombing of ______________b. No real damage; more for morale

Page 28: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

Page 29: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

Page 30: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

5. __________________a. worry in US about spies, more attacks b. __________________ on West Coast held in ______ for rest of war

Page 31: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIVIII. The _______________A. Military Service1. 10 million drafted; 5 million volunteersa. __________2. __________ Auxiliary Army Corp (WAAC)3. African-Americans, Asian-Americans, Native Americansa. _________________ unitsb. ____________________

Page 32: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

B. Daily Life1. shift from ___________________to ___________________a. tanks, planes, ships, guns, uniforms2. ___________ replaced ________ in factoriesa. Rosie the __________

Page 33: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

3. _________ in the Wara. new drugs (penicillin), new _______________b. __________________ i. secret gov’t project to build ______________ ii. Robert Oppenheimer

Page 34: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

4. __________ took control of economy, war production, security5. people expressed ___________ buying war bonds, _____________, scrap metal drives, _____________________C. Politics1. FDR re-elected ___ times

Page 35: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

IX. War in Europe/North AfricaA. ________ (US, Britain, France, *later USSR)1. priority is to defeat ________________a. insist on ______________________ surrender of __________ Powers (G-I-J)

Page 36: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

2. Eastern Front a. Germany broke _________________ and attacked former ally USSRb. Battle of _____________ i. Russians hold city into winter ii. push ___________ back => turning point in the ___

Page 37: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II3. North Africaa. _________________ led by Gen. Erwin Rommel (the “Desert Fox”)b. Allies led by Gens. George _________, Dwight ________________c. Germans surrendered North Africa4. Allies invaded _____________5. Mussolini saved by Hitlera. eventually captured, hanged (1945)

Page 38: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIB. ______________ (June 6, 1944)1. Operation _________________a. plan to liberate ________________/Europe Nazi’sb. led by Supreme Allied Commander Dwight Eisenhowerc. invasion across English Channel from Britain to France2. American, British, Canadian troops land on beaches at Normandy3. Allies freed __________; then all of France

Page 39: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

D-Day

Page 40: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

D-Day

Page 41: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

D-Day

Page 42: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

D-Day

Page 43: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIC. ________________ (1945)1. Battle of the Bulgea. last attempt by Nazis to stop Allied advanceb. _________ held, Germans retreated2. Britain, France moving east toward Berlin; USSR moving westa. ________got to Berlin first3. Germany surrendered a. Victory in _____________________

Page 44: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

X. War in the _________A. Early ______________ Victories (1942)1. Hong Kong, ½ China, Guam, Wake Islanda. ____________________ – US defeat i. Bataan Death March - ________ march of US _______________

Page 45: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

B. _____________ (1942)1. Battle of ___________a. new kind of naval battle – ______________________2. Battle of ____________a. _______________caught Japanese navy by surprise near Midway Island

Page 46: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIC. US ______________ in Pacific1. ________________________a. take less defended islands, moving toward Japanb. Guadalcanal – first US land victoryc. Leyte Gulf, _______________, Okinawa i. __________________________ - Gen. MacArthur (“I shall return.”) ii. bloody battles2. Japan resorted to ____________ attacks

Page 47: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

Page 48: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

D. ____________________1. _______________(1945)a. FDR died in office; VP ______________became ____________________b. learned about new weapon; decided to use itc. August 6 – ___________d. August 10 – Nagasakie. September – ________________________

Page 49: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIXI. ______________________ PlansA. ______________ Conference (1945)1. FDR, Churchill, Stalin met to make plans for Europe once war was over2. Divide ____________________into 4 (US, B, F, USSR)3. United Nations (UN)a. first meeting in 1945b. Security Council – permanent members (US, Britain, USSR, China)4. __________ promised ___________ elections in _____________European countries occupied by USSR (Poland) =>____________ happened

Page 50: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIB. _______________ Conference1. Truman, Attlee, Stalin2. US pushed Stalin for ________________ elections in Poland (won’t happen)3. _______________ learned about successful test of ____________________________4. decide to punish war criminals – __________________5. demand ___________________________ of Japan6. growing split b/t _____________________________

Page 51: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II

C. Occupation of ________ (1945-51)1. Gen. MacArthur and ______________ ran Japan2. allowed ___________ to stay3. Wrote new ____________________, rebuilt country, ____________________

Page 52: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War IIXII. Impact of WarA. _____________________1. 6 million __________ entered workforce B. ___________________1. ________________(1946-64)a. 1957 - baby born every _________2. more women working3. __________________a. Student loans, home loans, job training for ____________

Page 53: World War II. I. Seeds of War A. Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. created resentment in Germany a. war guilt clause, reparations to punish Germany 2

World War II4. ___________________________a. civil rights still an issue for returning vetsb. __________________________ i. victory over Axis Powers, victory for equality at home5. ___________________________a. ________________– most decorated unit in the war b. ________________________(1944) i. Court ok’ed power of gov’t to set up ______________________ campsii. 1988 - Congress passed bill giving $ to each person sent to camps6. ____________________________a. code-breakers in the war


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