World War II

1939 – 1945

Chapter 31 section 4Chapter 32

World War II

CAUSES German Aggression in Europe Unstable Governments Rise of Fascism Failure of League of Nations Appeasement

World War II German Aggression

Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty1935 Hitler announce

Germany would follow the conditions set by the treaty

Germany began to rebuild its military

League of Nations issued a mild condemnation

League could not stop German rearming

Nazi Party Principles Unification of Greater Germany (Austria + Germany) Land + expansion Anti-Versailles - abrogation of the Treaty. Land and territory - lebensraum. Only a "member of the race" can be a citizen. Anti-semitism - No Jew can be a member of the race. Anti-foreigner - only citizens can live in Germany. No immigration - ref. to Jews fleeing pograms. Everyone must work. Abolition of unearned income - "no rent-slavery". Nationalisation of industry Division of profits Extension of old age welfare. Land reform Death to all criminals German law, not Roman law (anti- French Rev.) Education to teach "the German Way" Education of gifted children Protection of mother and child by outlawing child labor. Encouraging gymnastics and swimming Formation a national army. Duty of the state to provide for its volk. (people) Duty of individuals to the state

Appeasement Policy

World War II Forbidden Land

Although forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles Hitler moved troops into the Rhineland

French did not want war British urged appeasement –

giving in to the aggressor to keep peace

France and Britain looked weak in Hitler’s eyes which served to encourage further aggression!

World War II

Axis Powers Mussolini, Italian fascist leader sought

an alliance with Germany. Japan shortly joined Italy and Germany

World War II United States

Adopted a policy of isolationism(political ties with other nations should be

avoided) Neutrality Acts

Passed by CongressBanned loans or selling of arms to nations at war

World War IIThird Reich – German Empire

Hitler planned to annex Austria & Czechoslovakia

Treaty of Versailles forbade an alliance between Germany & Austria-Hungary

1938 – Hitler’s army took control of Austria

World War II Third Reich Czechoslovakia was a democracy

Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) was on the border of Germany

A German speaking area Hitler demanded control

of of the Sudetenland

Many of the region

welcomed the Germans.

World War IIMunich Conference

France & Gr. Britain met and decided that Hitler could take Sudetenland for the promise to respect the borders of Czechoslovakia

Six months laterHitler took controlof Czechoslovakia.

World War IIGerman – Russian Non Aggression Pact

Britain & France sought Russia’s help

Negotiations were slow Hitler signed anagreement with Russiabut secretly they agreed to divide Poland.

Germany and Russia will take Poland!

World War II Germany Attacks Poland

Surprise attack German planes attacked from the air Tanks attacked on land Troops on the ground “BLITZKRIEG” “lightening war”Considered the beginning of WW II

World War II

France declared waron Germany

Britain declared waron Germany

World War II Russia Took Eastern Poland

Soviet troops took E. Poland Also Latvia, Lithuania, & Estonia Finland resisted, but were later taken by

the Soviets.

World War II Phony War

France & Gr. Britain stationed troops along the French/ German border in a defensive position, believing Germany would attack.

They remained there for months with no military action taken – “sitzkrieg”

Ended when Hitler launched a surprise attack on Denmark & Norway.

World War IIBATTLE FOR FRANCE AND BRITAIN

Germany took Holland, Belgium, & Luxembourg Then to France Allies were backed up to Dunkirka port city on the English Channel Britain to the rescue! Sent 850 ships along with yachts,lifeboats, motorboats, fishingboats to save the Allied troops.

World War IIFall of France

Italy joined Germany in war against France- attacked from the south- Germany took Paris- French leader exiled to London setting up a government in exile.- Established Free French Forces that fought the Nazi until French liberation in 1944.

World War II

Germany Assaults Great Britain

Great Britain stood ALONE against GermanyWinston Churchill, Prime Minister declared that Britain would NEVER give in to Germany.surely from this period of ten months this is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never-in nothing, great or small, large or petty - never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. We stood all alone a year ago, and to many countries it seemed that our account was closed, we were finished. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our School history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished and liquidated.

World War II Operation Sea Lion

- Luftwaffe – (German Air Force) bombed Great Britain.

- Focused on the bombing of London.

World War IIBritain’s Secret

WeaponsRadar – detected number,

speed & direction of incoming planes

Enigma – German code machine in the hands of Britain became a code breaking machine.

Germany called off attacks on Britain in May 1941.

The Germans were stopped by the Allies!

World War II Eastern Front

Because of the success of Britain, Hitler changed his European strategy.

- North Africa – Italy had already tried to seize control of British controlled Egypt.- The British fought back driving the Italians back-Hitler stepped in to help save Italy

World War II

German commander Rommel (Desert Fox) was sent to help the Italians defeat the British in Africa.

Hitler attacked the Balkans in order to build military bases in the region. Yugoslavia fell in 11 days and Greece fell in 17.

World War IIGermany Invades the Soviet Union Operation Barbarossa Surprise to Russia - blitzkrieg Germany moved 500 miles inland Retreating Russians used scorched

earth

World War IIBy December, Germany Retreated summer uniforms fuel and oil froze weapons became useless

World War II U. S. Aids Allies

Lend-Lease Act Lend or lease arms and other

supplies to any nation vital to the United States

Churchill and Roosevelt met secretly on a battleship to sign the Atlantic Charter upholding free trade and self determination.

United States Enters WW II

Dec. 7, 1941 Japan Attacked Pearl Harbor

America Declared War On Japan

Dec. 8, 1941

http://www.usconstitution.com/FDRInfamySpeech.htm

World War IIJapan

After Pearl Harbor Japan took and or attacked

GuamWake IslandPhilippinesHong Kong

World War IIAllies Strikes Back

Allied forces led by led by Lt. Col. Doolittle. - bombed major Japanese cities- not much physical damage but the Japanese understood they were subject to attack-raised American morale

World War IIPacific Battles

Coral Sea – Japan & the Allies used aircraft carriers for the first time. The Allies lost more ships but stop Japanese southward expansion.

Battle of Midway – Japanese target because of American military bases located there. Pacific Allied commander Nimitz was outnumbered by Japanese naval forced 4 to 1. Japanese ships were attacked destroying 322 Japanese planes.

The Allies won the victory.

World War IIAdditional Allied Victories

Gen. Douglas MacArthur Commander of Allied forces in the

Pacific Proposed “island hopping” past

Japanese strong points Seize islands not well defended Cut supply lines

The Holocaust

Germany Targeted Jews, homosexuals, gypsies and others

Idea of the Master Race Gov’t Policy of Persecution

(Kristallnacht)

Emigration The Final Solution

World War II

World War II

DEATHS Jews Killed % SurvivedPoland 3,300,000 10Soviet Union 2,850,000 56Hungary 650,000 30Romania 600,000 50Germany/Austria 240,000 10

Allied Victories

Force A Two Front War Allied Victory in North Africa

Fighting in N. Africa since 1941 Germans dug in near Alexandra All out British assault defeated the

Germans Allies launched Operation Torch in Algeria

and Morocco – defeated Germans in 1943

World War II

Allies Defeated Germany at Stalingrad Luftwaffe bombed the city nightly Stalin ordered the defense of the city Germans controlled 90% of the city Russians trapped the Germans inside the city where they cut off supplies. Germans surrendered.

World War II

Allies Invaded and Defeated Italy 1943 Allies invaded Sicily Mussolini fell Disguised himself as a German

soldier Next day Mussolini was shot Mussolini’s body was displayed in

Milan

World War IID-Day Invasion of France* Largest military invasion in history* 3.5 Million Allied troops – Operation Overlord*Dummy army set up at Calais*Germans protected by concrete walls*Thousands of casualties*Allies held the beach*A million additional troops

World War II

Battle of the Bulge

Soviets from the eastAllies from the westGermans broke through western defenses creating a bulge in the defensive line

Allies pushed back the Germans and defeated them

Soon afterward Hitler committed suicide and Germany surrendered.

World War IIBombing of Nagasaki & Hiroshima

After the loss of many Allied livesin battle with Japan, the decision was made to bomb Japan rather than suffer the loss of perhaps another ½ to a million soldiers

8/6/45 - The first Atomic Bomb was dropped on Hiroshima with the lossof 73,000 lives – Japan did not surrender

8/9/1945 – The second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.Japan officially surrendered September 2, 1945

Hiroshima 3 Days Before “Little Boy”

Hiroshima After: August 6, 1945

Nagasaki Before “Fat Man”

Japan Surrenders: Sept. 2, 1945

Shigemitsu signs the conditions of surrender aboard the USS Missouri

Post War Europe

Huge Loss of Life and Property Agriculture and Infrastructure Destroyed Unstable Post War Governments Nuremberg Trials

International Military Tribunal to try German war crimes

Occupation and Demilitarization of Japan Japan was ordered to take down military forces, leaving only

enough to defend the nation A constitution was written U. S. helped with the rebuilding of the Japanese economy