world war ii shadow of war america recovering from depression goal of usa stay out of war stay out...
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SHADOW OF WARSHADOW OF WARAmerica
Recovering from Depression
Goal of USA
Stay out of war
Stay out of European affairs
Stay out of Asian affairs
Isolationism
America’s goal of staying out of war at all cost
WAR IN ASIAWAR IN ASIA• 1931 – Japan overran Manchuria in
Northern China–World did not stop attack
• 1937 – Japan declared war on China–Seized Peking – China’s capital city
• Dec 12, 1937 – Japanese bombers sunk U.S.S Panay patrolling the Yangtze River (2 US crew members killed)
• US accepted apology and $2 million
GERMANYGERMANY“The world will never Act against
me, they will just protest.” -HitlerRearmament – 1930s
Builds up army and weaponsNonaggression Pact
Germany would not invade Russia after the invasion of the Rhineland
GERMANY’S AGGRESSIONGERMANY’S AGGRESSION• March 1936 – German soldiers march on
the Rhineland–Breaking the Treaty of Versailles
• March 1938 – German soldiers march on Austria
• Self-Determination (Hitler’s proclamation) –Claimed 3 million people lived in
Sudetenland–Had right to be apart of 3rd Reich
NON-AGGRESSION PACTNON-AGGRESSION PACT• Signed by Hitler and Stalin
• Neither nation would attack the other
• Secretly planned to divide Poland
• Shocked the world
• Germany could now give full attention to conquering Europe without having a 2 front war
ALLIED POWERSALLIED POWERS• Neville Chamberlain
–Prime Minister of Great Britain
–“Peace in our Time”• Appeasement Policy
–France and Britain gave Sudetenland if Hitler and Germany
–Hitler promised he would not take more land
THE WAR BEGINSTHE WAR BEGINS
September 1, 1939September 1, 1939–Germany invades PolandGermany invades Poland
England and FranceEngland and France–Declare war on GermanyDeclare war on Germany
BLITZKRIEGBLITZKRIEG• Hitler’s war strategy
• Lightning war or Flash war
• All out, full go attack–Planes, tanks, Rockets, Troops
• Meant to prevent counterattack
• Show no mercy
POLANDPOLAND• Surrendered in 2 weeks
• Russia invaded Eastern Poland–West Zone – German
–East Zone – Russia
• Nazi’s take 3 Baltic States–Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
CASH AND CARRYCASH AND CARRY
• US sold Arms to Allies on
Cash payment only
• Nations had to ship own goods
• Nazis regroup for 7 months
PHONY WARPHONY WAR• France and Britain mobilized troops
along the Maginot line (system of fortifications along French-German border)
• Both sides waited for other to attack
–7 months, no fighting
• Suddenly, Germany attacked, ending the Phony War
GERMANY ADVANCESGERMANY ADVANCES
• April 9, 1940–Blitzkrieg on Denmark
–Falls in 1 day
• May 1940–Belgium and Netherlands Fall
ATTACK ON FRANCEATTACK ON FRANCE• Italy attacked from the South
–Maginot line – failed to protect• Nazi’s from the North
–Nazi’s hammered French & British Troops
• Allied troops driven to coast of Dunkirk• Evacuated on private vessels into England• June 22, 1940
–France surrenders to Nazis
ENGLAND vs. NAZISENGLAND vs. NAZIS• Winston Churchill – new Prime
Minister
–England stood alone against the Nazis
–Promised people, “Blood, toil, tears, and sweat.”
• Hitler wanted to capture and destroy Britain
NAZI BOMBING OF ENGLANDNAZI BOMBING OF ENGLAND• Strategic Bombing
– Hitler started bombing ports, factories, strategic areas of Britain, esp. London
– Bombing was crippling England fast
• England bombed Berlin, causing some damage– Hitler took the bombing personal
• Scare Bombing– Hitler started bombing residential areas
– Wanted Britain to beg for mercy
SEPTEMBER 1940 – MAY 1941SEPTEMBER 1940 – MAY 1941• 8 months of continuous bombing
–Every night–German Luftwaffe (German air force)
bombed British cities
• Royal Air force (R.A.F)–Was able to rebuild–Developed and introduced Radar–Used radar to win Dog Fights –Huge losses for German Luftwaffe
ROOSEVELT MAKES ROOSEVELT MAKES HISTORYHISTORY
1940– Elected to 3rd Term– Only president in history to serve 3
terms
Reasons
1. Nation needed experienced leader
2. Nation and Allies trusted him (good foreign relations)
ALLIED STARTAGYALLIED STARTAGY1. Defeat Axis powers in North
Africa• Germans led by General Erwin
Rommel • Axis surrendered in May 1943• Mediterranean region now open for
allied shipping • Southern invasion of Europe now
possible
2. Pacific Campaign
• US survived Pearl Harbor attack 1942
• Island Hopping
• One small island at a time
• provided many navel bases and training grounds
• Coral Sea
• 3 days of fighting blind
• US defeats Japanese Fleet
• Battle of Midway
• Turning point of Pacific War
3. Eastern Front• USSR suffered huge
casualties, but outlasted Germans
• Scorched Earth Policy– Same way defeated Napoleon
• 1943 – mounted offensive– Drove Germans out of
Russia
4. War in Europe
• US and Allies started bombing Germany
• Summer of 1942– Bombed Transportation lines,
industrial plants, military institutes
– Crippled German ability to wage war
– Allies lost 158,000 pilots, 40,000 planes
PEARL HARBORPEARL HARBOR
PEARL HARBORPEARL HARBOR• December 7, 1941
–Japanese launched a surprise attack on Hawaii
–Lead by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto• Japan’s Greatest Naval Strategist
• 2,400 Dead, 1,000 Wounded• Japan wanted to destroy US pacific fleet
– It was “a dagger pointed at our throat”
MANHATTAN PROJECTMANHATTAN PROJECT• Before WWII
–German Scientists succeeded in splitting the nucleus of an Uranium atom
• Albert Einstein
–Wrote a letter to FDR warning him Germany was working on an Atomic bomb
• FDR approved a $2 million project to develop an Atomic bomb
FAT MANFAT MAN
THIN MANTHIN MAN
BOMBING OF HIROSHIMABOMBING OF HIROSHIMA• US gave warning
–“surrender or be totally destroyed”
• August 6, 1945
–B-29 bomber Enola Gay
• Two bombs
–1st on Hiroshima
–2nd on Nagasaki – Aug 9, 1945
• Aug 14, 1945
–Japan surrenders
HIROSHIMA: DAY OF FIREHIROSHIMA: DAY OF FIREGround Temp 7,000 degrees
Hurricane force winds 980 mph
Energy released 20,000 tons TNT
Buildings destroyed 62,000
Killed immediately 70,000 people
Dead by end 1945 140,000 people
Total deaths 210,000 people
• General Dwight D. Eisenhower– led invasion across English Channel into
France• June 6, 1944
– Largest amphibious landing in History– 4,000 allied ships moved 200,000 soldiers
across channel to beaches– 6 out of 10 were killed– Six weeks of fighting– Allies secured the beaches of France
• 40 miles
D-DAYD-DAY
ALLIES TAKE FRANCEALLIES TAKE FRANCE• Control Northern beaches of France
–D-Day• Ship in massive supplies• Aug 25, 1944
–Paris falls back into Allied control• Allies continue to push Germany back • Winter 1944-45
–Western Europe back in Allied control
VICTORY IN EUROPEVICTORY IN EUROPE• Towards end
–Hitler was sending 14 year olds into battle
–Hitler youth• 3rd Reich in destruction• April 30, 1945
–Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide• May 7, 1945
–Germany unconditionally surrenders–“V-E” Day – Victory in Europe
HOLOCAUSTHOLOCAUST• Anti -Semitism
–Political, social and economic agitation against Jews.
–‘Hatred of Jews’.
• Aryan Race–Hitler believed was the perfect race.
–Full German blood, blonde hair and blue eyes.
Between 1939 and
1945 six million Jews were murdered, along with hundreds of thousands of others, such as Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, disabled and the mentally ill.
A Total of 6,000,000 Jews
Percentage of Jews killed in each country
A MAP OF THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND DEATH CAMPS A MAP OF THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND DEATH CAMPS USED BY THE NAZIS.USED BY THE NAZIS.
16 of the 44 children taken from a French children’s home.
They were sent to a concentration camp and later to Auschwitz.
ONLY 1 SURVIVED
A group of children at a concentration
camp in Poland.
Part of a stockpile of Zyklon-B poison gas pellets found at Majdanek death camp.
Before poison gas was used , Jews were gassed in mobile gas vans. Carbon monoxide gas from the engine’s exhaust was fed into the sealed rear compartment. Victims were dead by the time they reached the burial site.
Smoke rises as the bodies are
burnt.
Jewish women, some holding infants, are forced to wait in a line before their execution by Germans and Ukrainian collaborators.
A German policeman shoots individual Jewish women who remain alive in the ravine after the mass execution.
After liberation, an Allied soldier displays a
stash of gold wedding rings taken from
victims at Buchenwald.
Bales of hair shaven from women at Auschwitz, used to make felt-yarn.
Soviet POWs at forced labor in 1943 exhuming bodies in the ravine at Babi Yar, where the Nazis had murdered over 33,000 Jews in September of 1941.
In 1943, when the number of murdered Jews exceeded 1 million. Nazis ordered the bodies of those buried to be dug up and burned to destroy all traces.
FINAL WAR TOLLFINAL WAR TOLLTOTAL DEAD
55 MILLION SOLDIERS AND CIVILIANS DEAD
SOVIET UNION TOLL
30 MILLION DEAD
US TOLL
290,000 DEAD
670,000 WOUNDED