A festive evaluation of prior knowledge!

1. What can cause conflict between countries?

2. What helped cause WWI?3. What kinds of new weapons did they use

in the war?4. What is an alliance?5. What is militarism?6. What future problems can this war cause in the future?

Germany Machine Gun trenchesAustria-Hungary USA ratsRifle alliances RussiaPoison gas Tank Czar NicolasWoodrow Wilson nationalism Kaiser WilhelmFranz Ferdinand imperialism liceTrench foot militarism planeBayonet Erich Luddendorf Western FrontLusitania Italy SerbiaGavrillo Princep France submarines

ElephantsOcelots

cats

Draw a circle on your paper. Look at all of the terms. Write down terms in the circle that you feel have something in common. Label

it with a category

animals

WORLD WAR ONE

REASONS FOR WAR1. MILITARISM: aggressive preparation for war grows.

• Mili leaders stock supplies & develop war plans (Schlieffen plan) that never changed & were basis for all decisions.

• Drafted men (conscription)& armies double in size by 1914

REASONS FOR WAR2.Europe divided into many alliances & the big 2 were: a. Triple Alliance – Italy, Austria-Hungary & Germany b. Triple Entente- France, Great Britain & Russia

Triple Alliance

Triple Entente

Major European Countries formed two alliances prior to WWI. Match the

country with the alliance!

Germany France Italy Russia Great Britain Austria-Hungary

REASONS FOR WAR3. Imperialism led to competition for colonies to get control

of resources. Germ had little & Br & Fr had a lot!

4. NATIONALISM: desire for own nation grows.

•many ethnic groups w/o own national states want independence

•1914: Serbia wants all Slavic peoples (Bosnia, others) to join together to create Slavic state, but Aus-Hun against it (they control Bosnia)

M- militarism- build up weapons, supplies,

troops & plans

A- alliances- nations that help one other,

2 big alliances!

I-imperialism- competition for

colonies

N-nationalism-ethnic groups want

independence. (Serbs!)

•June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to A-H throne & wife Sophia visited Sarajevo, Bosnia.

•BLACK HAND (Serbian terrorist group who want Bosnia free),try to kill Franz. (Tried a bomb & failed).

•GAVRILLO PRINCEP shoots both

DON’T WRITE!!!!•Aus-Hun doesn’t know if Serb govt involved

• Want to attack. •Afraid of Russia •Turn to Germ for help.

1. Write a short article describing the death of Franz Ferdinand. Your article should include at least 5 specific DETAILS of the assassination & at least one reason for this action being taken by the Black Hand.  

2. Now, choose ONE of the following topics to write an editorial (an article giving opinions or perspectives) :

a. Do we have any similar situations today? Do you believe this could happen today?

b. How did Serbian nationalism play a role in the assassination? Did the Serbs have an alternative

 c. What course of action should the Austrian- Hungarian government take next?

Germ Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II gives “BLANK CHECK”, promising full support of Aus-Hun, even if Rus gets involved

WAR BEGINS!!!• Serbs turn

down AUS-Hun demands & A-H declares war on Serbs July 28th, 1914

• First World War

WAR BEGINS!!!•Serbia’s ally, Czar Nicholas II of Rus, orders partial MOBILIZATION (assembling troops & supplies & making them ready for war).

WAR BEGINS•Russia’s war plans say to fight Germ & Aus-Hun, Czar Nicholas must mobilize against both.

•Czar orders full mobilization on July 29th, 1914.

WAR BEGINS!!!•Ger sees mobilization as act of war & declares war on Russia.

•The German Schlieffen plan calls for a 2 front war & makes Germ invade Belgium to attack France to get Russia (written in 1894)

(think about

alliances)

•Ger declared war on France on Aug. 3rd, 1914

DON’T WRITE•Germ told Belgium (neutral) to let troops pass through

•Aug. 4th, 1914, Great Brit declares war on Germ for violating Belgium’s

neutrality.• GB part of alliance w/ Fr & Rus

(Triple Entente)

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/causes_war1act.shtml

True or False 1. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand started WWI 2. The Triple Alliance was an agreement between Britain, France and Russia 3.Germany only had a few colonies in Africa.4. The Schleiffen Plan was a plan to attack Russia through

Prussia5. Large areas of Austria-Hungary & Bosnia contained

nationalist groups6.Austria-Hungary took control of Bosnia 7.Germany declared war on Brit & France in 1914. 8. Due to militarism, many nation’s armies doubled in size

by 1914

1. Franz Ferdinand (next leader of Aus-Hun) assassinated by Serb terrorists the Black Hand 6/28/14

2. Aus-Hun gets Blank Check from Germany 7/5/14

3. Aus-Hun declares war on Serb 7/28/14

4. Russia Mobilizes army on 7/ 29 – 31/14 against both Aus-Hun & Germ

5. Germans see mobilization as act of war. Declares war on Russia

6. German Schlieffen plan makes Germ invade Belgium & France to get Russia

7. Germany declares war on France 8/3/14

8. Great Britain declares war on Germany 8/4/14

WAR BEGINS•Govt spreads PROPAGANDA- ideas used to influence public opinion for or against a cause-

• helped to create hatred & support for causes. • Most believe war will end in 2 weeks or less

•Eastern Front: Germany & Russia•Western Front-Mostly in Fr• Schlieffen Plan go thru Belgium to circle Paris, trapping Fr, then on around to Russia

• Ger stopped at 1st Battle of Marne (Sept. 6-10, 1914).

• Fr troops sent in taxis to front line in red uniforms.

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_western_front.shtml

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJXAcl8D51Y

WESTERN FRONT•Both sides dig trenches•New technology (Poison gas,

tank, plane, mortars, machine gun, zeppelin)• Little movement, stalemate!•Many deaths•Bad conditions• Trenches• lice

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9iR0xJW-Fk

BATTLE OF THE SOMME (July 1916)

NO MAN’S LAND

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8DH0YtRQMc&feature=related

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXtsiqrhqsU Opening scenes All quiet

• You are a soldier serving a 6 month tour of duty in the trenches on the Western Front. It is April 1917 & the US has just joined the Allies. Do the following:

1. Write a _ page letter back home to your parents/friend/dog/relative, etc. In your letter, describe what life is like in the trenches.Include:

a. who you are fighting for & against? b. what are the conditions like? c. What weapons do you see/use? Tactics? d. What is your job? e. What do you do all day?Be creative, use headings, and use SPECIFIC DETAILS

& EXAMPLES

EASTERN FRONT

•Eastern Front (Germ/Rus)- Very mobile, w/ huge losses of life.

1. Russia is beaten in E. Germ & suffers major losses at Tannenberg (general kills self, 92,000 POWs, 78,000 deaths) & Masurian Lakes (125,000 dead, 45,000 POWS)

2.Aus-Hun defeated by Rus in Serbia

3.Italy joins Triple Entente (now called the ALLIES w/ GB, FR, RUS) in 1915

4.Germ pushes Russians back into Russia w/ heavy losses(Russia out of war)

5. Bulgaria joins w/ Germ & Aus-Hun. (now Central Powers)

6.Serbs destroyed in Sept ’15 *Ottoman Empire joins CP

Western Front Eastern Front

Fr & Ger trenches stretch from English h Channel to Switzerland

Very mobile!

German Schlieffen plan stopped by trenches

Russian defeat ed in Germany & Gallacia- 2.5 mil casualties

Both sides bogged sown for most of war

Success for Germ and A-H

HUGE loss of life Huge loss of life

Allied Powers Central Powers

Pre-war name

Original members

New additions or losses

•US neutral•GB blockades Germ w/ navy•Germ uses unrestricted submarine warfare (will shoot down

any ship)

•May 7, 1915 Germ sinks LUSITANIA, a BR passenger liner, killing 1000 (128 Americans) •Germ stops subs, afraid USA will join war.

• Jan. 1917, ADMIRAL HOLTZENDORF talks KAISER into using unrestricted sub warfare & blockades again to break

stalemate

•HOLTZENDORF promises Kaiser Wilhelm II that Brits will starve before US acts

• “I give your majesty my word as an officer, not one American will land on the continent”

• US Pres • Woodrow • Wilson asks• for a Dec of• War April 2nd • 1917. Enters • war over unrestricted sub warfare & Zimmerman telegram

• German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman sent the govt of Mexico a coded message, inviting Mexico to wage war on the US as a member of the Central Powers. Germany would then help Mexico claim land form the US. Mexico turned t down, and the BR intercepted the message

• “We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. You will inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of war with the United States of America is certain and add the suggestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves. Please call the President's attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of our submarines now offers the prospect of compelling England in a few months to make peace." Signed, ZIMMERMANN”

•Became TOTAL WAR-complete mobilization of resources & people. •Women take over jobs in factories

•Euros went to PLANNED ECONOMIES- systems run by govt agencies that expanded powers to meet needs such as: drafts,

regulate import/exports, ration food, control prices, wages &

rent control

•Don’t write!•1918 better for Allies w/ arrival of US troops

•Germ GENERAL ERICH VON LUDENDORFF gambles & planned 1 big offensive on Western Front

•Get w/in 50 miles of Paris, but stopped at 2nd Battle of Marne

2nd Battle of the Marne

GERMANY LOSES•Germ forced back by US troops

•Sept 29, 1918, Gen. Ludendorff says war is lost.

•Allies won’t make peace w/ Germ imperial govt

• Kaiser Wilhelm II gives up & flees.

• AUS-Hun fell apart & new nations emerge*Freidrich Ebert,

new temp leader announces Armistice, is signed Nov 11th 1918

• Map of Europe redrawn due to Treaty.

a.Aus-Hun, Serbia & Ottoman Empire gone

b. Rus (USSR) & Germ smaller

c. Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Lithuania, Czechoslovaka Austria, Hungary & Yugoslavia created

• The financial cost of the war amounted to almost $38 billion for Germany

• Britain spent $35 billion,• France $24 billion, • Russia $22 billion, • USA $22 billion • Austria-Hungary $20 billion. • In total the war cost the Allies

$125 billion• the Central Powers $60 billion

d. Br take Iran & Palestine. Called a MANDATE when nation officially governed

by another nation, but not owned by them

END OF THE WAR• Jan 1919, 27 ALLIED nations

meet to make final a settlement. US, GB, Fr, It dominate! No Ger or Rus

Treaty of Versailles 1. Your group will get a packet with: 4 leader ID

cards, 4 blank treaty/leader cards & one big Treaty sheet.

2. Each person takes a different leader sheet. YOU are that leader! Learn about yourself & fill out the info on the blank leader sheet.

3. Next, teach the rest of the people in your group about YOUR (leader’s) goals. EVERYONE does this. Write down the info about each leader as you learn about them.

4. Now, as a group, address the 5 problems from the Paris Conference to create the Treaty. Remember, use your person’s goals/beliefs to guide your decisions. Majority rules for a decision (3/4)

WORLD WAR I CASUALTIES: AMERICAN

•Battle deaths: 53,402•Other deaths in service: 63,114

•Non-mortal wounded: 204,002

•Living vets as of 2000: 2,416

What does it take to mobilize?

• How did Europeans prepare for WWI?

• What effect would mobilization have on existing tensions?

• What roles do civilians play in mobilizing?

• How did countries ensure that troops had enough weapons, food, ammunition and other supplies?

League of Nations!1. With a partner, read the Preamble to the

League of Nations to understand it’s goals & purpose. Answer the questions below! (complete sentences!)

2. Move around the room. Using the Political cartoon sheet, analyze 4 of the 6 cartoons. You must analyze number 5!

3. Finally, go back, read the back of the Preamble page & answer the question why the LON was a failure! Be sure to compare the Preamble to what you learned from the cartoons! Use support!

To ponder!

• Analyzing How did Wilson seek to end not only World War I but all wars?

• What agreements ended WWI

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE

Problems at PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE (1919) due to secret treaties & own selfish interests

• Russia can’t come • Germ not invited • Run by BIG 3- US, FR & GB. • Big battle btw them

WOODROW WILSON•WOODROW WILSON-US pres- presented 14 Points to

Congress to take to meeting. He said they should:

14 Pointsa. reach peace openly & reduce weapons

b. Create a “general association of nations” to guarantee independence. (League of Nations)

c.Must create democracies & self-determination (right of each people to have own nation).

• DAVID LLOYD GEORGE – Brit Prime minister wants

Germ to be punished & pay for crimes

GEORGES CLEMENCEAU – premier of France says Fr suffered most, needs security. Wants fines, land, and no weapons

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE•Jan. 25, 1919. League of Nations created (US DOES NOT JOIN due to Versailles).

•Demands Germ: 1.be stripped of weapons

2. pay REPARATIONS- damages to pay for war

3. create a buffer area btw FR & Germ called Rhineland.

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE•Jan. 25, 1919. League of Nations created (US DOES NOT JOIN due to Versailles).

•Compromises made.

•TREATY OF VERSAILLES- signed w/ Germ. Most important. 5 others signed

•Germ unhappy w/ Article 231, which is War Guilt Clause, stating

Germ admits guilt for war.

MUST DO THE FOLLOWING:

1. pay reparations 2. reduce army to 100,000 3. get rid of air force & reduce navy4. return Alsace & Loraine, 5. Sections of E. Germ given to create Poland.6.Germ along Rhineland now a DMZ, (no weapons)