World War One

Tanks

the creation of the tank No one individual was responsible for the invention of the tank. It was a number of gradual technological developments that brought the creation of the tank.

Winston Churchill sponsored the establishment of the Landships committee to investigate the potential of constructing a new military weapon.

The tank was seen as an extension of sea-going warships – hence, a landship.

The production of the landship was in secrecy and the codename, given because the shape of the shell resembled water carriers, was ‘tank’; the name stuck.

The final design required the tank to boast a minimum speed of four miles per hour, be able to climb a five foot high obstacle, successfully span a five foot trench, and ultimately be immune to the effects of small-arms fire.

It should also possess two machine guns, have a range of twenty miles and be maintained by a crew of ten men.

The first tank was given the nickname ‘Little Willie’.

Problems with the first tanksHistory was made on 15 September 1916 when Captain H. W. Mortimore guided a tank into action at Delville. The appearance of the new weapon stunned their German opponents so the attack was successful but the early tanks were unreliable.

This was party because the British Commander, Douglas Haig, deployed them before they were battle ready. They often broke down and got stuck in the muddy trenches – more often than anticipated.

Conditions for the tank crews were also far from ideal. The heat generated inside the tank was tremendous and fumes nearly choked the men inside.

Nevertheless the first tank operators proved their courage by operating under what amounted to appalling conditions.

Dana Tarif