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THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIAMINISTRY OF INDUSTRY
BOLE-LEMI II INDUSTRIAL ZONE DEVELOMENT PROJECT RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN
DRAFT REPORT
January, 2014 ADDIS-ABABA
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RP1579 V2
Table of contentABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS......................................................................................5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................10
1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................19
2. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREA..............................................................................20
2.1. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT................................................................................................202.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT’S LAND REQUIREMENT......................................................213.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE RAP....................................................................................................223.3 GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR THE RAP.....................................................................................243.4 METHODOLOGY APPLIED.....................................................................................................25
3.4.1. Data Collection............................................................................................................253.4.2. Data Analysis and Interpretation.................................................................................25
4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE STATUS OF THE PAPS.............................................26
4.1. BRIEF FOREWARD...............................................................................................................264.2. LOCATION AND POPULATION..............................................................................................264.3. DISTRIBUTION OF PAPS HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER, TYPE AND COMPOSITIONS...............274.4 OCCUPATION AND INCOME OF PAPS....................................................................................284.5 TYPES OF PROPERTIES AFFECTED........................................................................................294.6 LIVELIHOOD AND LAND USE................................................................................................294.7 SOCIAL SERVICES..................................................................................................................29
5. POLICY, LEGISLATION AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS...........................30
5.1. THE ETHIOPIAN CONSTITUTIONS.........................................................................................305.2. POLICY FRAMEWORK..........................................................................................................31
5.2.1. Environmental Policy of Ethiopia................................................................................315.2.2. Land Tenure Policy......................................................................................................325.2.3. National Policy of Women............................................................................................32
5.3. LEGAL FRAMEWORKS..........................................................................................................335.3.1. Proclamation No 455/2005..........................................................................................335.3.2. Council of Minister Regulation No, 135/2007.............................................................345.3.3 World Bank Guidelines for Involuntary Resettlement...................................................355.3.4 COMPARISON TO WORLD BANK OP 4.12...............................................................36
5.4. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION...................................................375.4.1. Ministry of Industry......................................................................................................375.4.2. Regional States and Addis-Ababa city Governments...................................................375.4.3 Social Safeguards Officer..............................................................................................385.4.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Officer...............................................................................385.4.5 Resettlement Implementation Committee......................................................................395.4.6 Grievance Redress Committee......................................................................................39
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6. IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF THE PROJECT....................................39
6.1. POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT....................................................................................396.1.1. Economic benefit..........................................................................................................396.1.2. Employment Opportunity.............................................................................................40
6.2. NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT..................................................................................406.2.1. Impact on Farmland.....................................................................................................416.2.2. Impact on Housing Structures......................................................................................426.2.3. Impact of the project on Agricultural Resources.........................................................436.3.4. Proposed Mitigation Measures....................................................................................43
7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION...................................................................................................45
8. THE RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN............................................................................49
8.1. HOUSEHOLD CENSUS AND BASELINE SOCIO – ECONOMIC SURVEY...................................498.2. LIVELIHOOD OF THE PROJECT AFFECTED PERSON..............................................................508.3. GENDER STRUCTURE OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS......................................................508.4. CATEGORY OF AFFECTED PROPERTIES................................................................................51
9. VALUATION AND COMPENSATION METHODS FOR LOSS OF ASSETS...............52
9.1 STRATEGY FOR EXPROPRIATION AND COMPENSATION........................................................529.2. COMPENSATION APPROACH................................................................................................539.3. ENTITLEMENT/ELIGIBILITY..................................................................................................549.4. ENTITLEMENT MATRIX........................................................................................................549.5. EXPROPRIATION LAW........................................................................................................599.6. LAND REQUIREMENTS/ACQUISITION...................................................................................609.7. INCOME RESTORATION........................................................................................................60
10. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM, COMPENSATION PAYMENT AND PROCEDURES............................................................................................................................62
10.1. GRIEVANCE REDRESS........................................................................................................6210.2. GRIEVANCE REDRESS FRAMEWORK..................................................................................6310.3. SCHEDULING AND TIMING.................................................................................................6410.4. MONITORING AND EVALUATION.......................................................................................6510.5. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF RAP............................................................................................6710.6. BUDGET FOR IMPLEMENTATION........................................................................................67
11. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...................................................................68
REFERENCE...............................................................................................................................71
ANNEX 1: INVENTORY LIST OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS.............ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
Annex 2: List of Participants of Public Consultation........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Tables
Table 1: The project affected properties and PAPs.......................................................................15Table 2 : Entitlement Matrix..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.Table 3: Summary of Compensation Estimates.............................................................................17Table 4: Demographic characteristics of the Woreda...................................................................27Table 5: age compositions of the PAPs.........................................................................................28Table 6: land use distribution in the project area...........................................................................41Table 7: House structures of the PAP............................................................................................42Table 8: Major Types of Resettlement Loss and Mitigation Measures Required.........................44Table 9: Affected people and lose of properties............................................................................51Table 10: Entitlement Matrix.........................................................................................................54Table 11: Types of Losses from Land Acquisition...........................................................................Table 12: Proposed Implementation Schedule of RAP on Quarterly Basis..................................64Table 13: Budget Cost Summary...................................................................................................68
Figures
Figure 1: Farmland with crop production.....................................................................................42Figure 2: PAP Building structures.................................................................................................43Figure 3: farmer's field and the homestead Planted trees..............................................................43Figure 4 : Community consultations..............................................................................................48
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
AAEPA Addis-Ababa Environmental Protection Authority
CIS Corrugated Iron Sheet
CJCP Competitiveness and Jobs Creation Project
CSA Central Statistical Authority
EIA Environmental impact Assessment
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
ESlA Environmental and Social impact Assessment
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
FH H Female Headed Households
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
FEPA Federal Environmental Authority
GOE Government of Ethiopia
Ha Hectare
HH Household
IZ Industrial Zone
IZDESD Industrial Zone Development and Environmental Safeguard Directorate
IZDP Industrial Zone Development Project
M.A.S.L Meter above Sea Level
MOI Ministry of Industry
OP Operational Policy
PAP Project Affected People
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
ROW Right of Way
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
S IA Social impact Assessment
SMP Social Monitoring Plan
WB World Bank
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Definitions of Key Terms
S/No Word/Term Definition
1 Compensation Payment in cash or kind for an asset to be acquired or affected by a project at replacement cost.
2 Cut-off-date The date after which PAPs will NOT be considered eligible for compensation, i.e. they are not included in the list of PAPs as defined by the socio-economic survey.
3 Displaced Persons
Affected persons by a project through land acquisition, relocation, or loss of incomes and includes any person, household, firms, or public or private institutions who as a result of a project would have their;
(i) Standard of living adversely affected;(ii) Right, title or interest in all or any part of a house, land (including
residential, commercial, agricultural, plantations, forest and grazing land) or any other moveable or fixed assets acquired or possessed, in full or in part, permanently or temporarily adversely affected; or
(iii) Business, occupation, place of work, residence, habitat or access to forest or community resources adversely affected, with or without displacement.
4 Economically-Displaced Persons
Those affected persons who are affected in way
that they loose incomes from crops, land, businesses etc.
5 Encroachers Those people who move into the project area after the cut-off date and are therefore not eligible for compensation or other rehabilitation measures provided by the project.
6 Entitlement The range of measures comprising cash or kind compensation, relocation cost, income rehabilitation assistance, transfer assistance, income substitution, and relocation which are due to /business restoration which are due to PAPs, depending on the type and degree nature of their losses, to restore their social and economic base.
7 Full Cost of Resettlement
Compensation based on the present value of replacement of the lost asset, resource or income without taking into account depreciation.
8 Household Is the unit which includes all members living under the authority of a household head, they are both family members and other dependants. Under
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the land law, a household would be members of the family whose consent would be required in case of alienation or undertaking any transaction on the family residential land. These members should ordinarily reside on the land. These members typically include the household head, one or several spouses, children and other members of the larger family, tenants, and employee.
9 Income Restoration
The measures required to ensure that PAPs have the resources to at least restore, if not improve, their livelihoods.
10 Indigenous peoples
The people indigenous to an area and include ethnic minorities as defined by World Bank Operational Policy on Indigenous Peoples (OP 4.10). This is not applied in this project.
11 Involuntary Resettlement
When the affected party does not have the option to remain in place even though he/she may prefer to move away . In some cases, people do move voluntarily but their willingness to move spontaneously must be carefully verified.
Refers both to physical displacement (relocation or loss of shelter) and to economic displacement (loss of assets or access to assets that leads to loss of income sources or means of livelihood) as a result of project-related land acquisition. Resettlement is considered involuntary when affected individuals or communities do not have the right to refuse land acquisition that result in displacement.
This occurs in cases of:
(i) lawful expropriation or restrictions on land use based on eminent domain: and
(ii) Negotiated settlements in which the buyer can resort to expropriation or impose legal restrictions on land use if negotiations with the seller fail.
12 Land acquisition
The process whereby a person or household is involuntarily alienated from all or part of the land s/he owns or possesses, to the ownership and possession of a project for public purposes, in return for fair compensation.
13 Land-Owner An individual/household/institution recognized as owning land either by customary tenure, freehold tenure, or leasehold including customary occupants of former public land.
14 Market Value Appropriate compensation figures so that the affected population is able to restore their standards of living to levels “at least as good as or better than
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they were prior to the project.
15 Physically Displaced Persons
Those affected persons who have to physically relocate because they reside within the land to be acquired for the ROW or encumbered as a result of the IZD Project.
16 Project-Affected Area
Is the area where the Project may cause direct or indirect impacts to the environment and the residents.
17 Project-Affected Person
Persons who lose assets as a result of the Project,
whatever the extent of the loss; lost assets include land rights, structures, crops, business, access or a combination of those losses; not all Project Affected Persons (PAPs) have to physically relocate as a result of the Project
19 Project Affected Household
The family or collection of PAPs that will Experience effects from and acquisition regardless of whether they are physically displaced or relocated or not.
20 Relocation The physical moving of PAPs from their pre-project place or residence, place for work or business premises.
21 Replacement Cost
Replacement cost of an affected asset is equivalent to the amount required to replace the asset in its existing condition. The replacement cost of land is its market value. The replacement cost of structures is equal to the cost of constructing/purchasing a similar new structure, without making any deductions for depreciation, and inclusive of the labor cost. WB policies require that all affected assets (land and structures) are compensated at their replacement cost.
22 Resettlement Action Plan
The time-bound action plan with budget setting out resettlement strategy, objectives, entitlements, actions, responsibilities, monitoring and evaluation.
23 Resettlement Impacts
The direct physical and socio-economic impacts of resettlement activities in the project and host areas.
Refers not just to the physical displacement of people, but also covers taking land that results in the relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets, and/or Loss of sources of income or means of livelihood (OP 4.12, paragraph 3)...
24 Resettlement Policy Framework
A resettlement policy framework is required for projects with subprojects or multiple components that cannot be identified before project approval. This instrument may also be appropriate where there are valid reasons for delaying
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the implementation of the resettlement, provided that the implementing party provides an appropriate and concrete commitment for its future
Implementation. The policy framework should be consistent with the principles and objectives of OP 4.12 of the World Bank.
25 Socio-economic survey
The census of PAHs/ PAPs of potentially affected people, which is prepared through a detailed survey based on actual data collected.
26 Sharecropper An individual/household occupying land under a private agreement with the owner for purpose of agricultural use.
27 Tenant An individual/household/institution occupying land or space in a home under a private agreement with the owner whereby the right of occupancy is paid for in cash to the owner.
28 Vulnerable Any people who might suffer disproportionately or face the risk of being underserved from the effects of resettlement i.e.; female-headed households with dependents; disabled household heads; poor households; landless elderly households with no means of support; households without security of tenure; and Ethnic minorities.
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Executive Summary
I. Introduction
The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) has requested funds
for the implementation of the Competitiveness and Job Creation Project (P143302). The
proposed project would aim to contribute to job creation by attracting investments and improving
enterprise competitiveness in the targeted industrial zones (IZ) by providing shades as well as
internal infrastructure and services corresponding to the needs of the Industrial zone sites. The
specific development objective of the proposed project is to contribute to job creation by
attracting investments and improving enterprise competitiveness in the targeted industrial zones
(IZ). This will be achieved by: (i) strengthening institutional and regulatory framework for IZ
development and capacity building; (ii) supporting industrial infrastructure development of IZs;
and (iii) enhancing IZ linkages to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through targeted
interventions.
The Bole-Lemi II Industrial Zone is located in the country’s capital city, Addis Ababa. The
proposed site of the Industrial zone construction is at Woreda 11 of Bole Sub city in the north
east direction, at about 15-20 km distance from the city centre and implemented within the city
administration limits and in its peripheries.
The Bole-Lemi II Industrial Zone Development project is one of the Second Phase of Industrial
Zone Development Program, which is formulated to improve and expand Ethiopia's industrial
zone network, and which has been accorded high priority by the Government of Ethiopia in order
to stimulate economic growth and development of the country.
The implementation of Bole-Lemi II industrial Zone Development project will involve the
relocation (or involuntary resettlement) of households located within the project site, thus
triggering the World Bank OP 4.12 policy on involuntary resettlement. Past experiences on
similar project indicates that, unless adverse social impacts such as resettlement and relocation of
PAPs are mitigated, the project might lead to severe socio-economic impacts, such as loss of
income and assets, loss of farm lands, loss of trees (perennial and other types); disintegration of
community and social networks and associations; disintegration of close relatives, family
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members, neighborhoods; and it may also create negative impact on social values, assets; and as
well as psychological and other related social problems.
Accordingly, this Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is prepared in order to minimize the negative
impacts that will be created on the local population due to the implementation of Industrial Zone
Development project. The preparation of this RAP is on the basis of the Constitution of the
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and the World Bank's Operational Policies and
Procedures (OP/BP 4.12).
This RAP is complemented by Environmental and Social Assessment (ESIA) that assesses key
environmental and socio-economic factors that require consideration; identifies and forecast the
possible positive and negative impacts on the environment resulting from the proposed project;
identifies the impact of the project on the surrounding community; identifies vulnerable and
historically underserved groups that may be excluded from the program and be adversely
affected as a result, and the necessary impact mitigating measures; assesses any potential
adverse environmental and social impacts of the project and determine whether the program is
likely to trigger the World Bank social safeguards policies; and, recommends in the early stage
of project preparation, the appropriate measures towards addressing World Bank requirements on
safeguards triggered by the project (OP4.01, and OP/BP 4.12).
In the course of preparing this RAP the consultant carried out field level investigation that
include household census of PAPs, inventory taking of properties and assets for the affected
households, assessing the livelihood of PAPs, conducting public consultation and also valuation
of property as well as compensation estimate for each of the affected households.
This RAP indicates income restoration measures for the PAPs, and establishes methodologies for
compensation estimate and payment. The RAP will also facilitate the rehabilitation of Project
Affected Persons and restore their livelihoods and avoid PAPs from becoming impoverished due
to the implementation of Industrial Zone Development project.
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II. Objective, Approach and Methodology
The key objectives of the RAP are to:
To prevent or at least mitigate the adverse social impacts associated with the
implementation of the industrial zone development project,
Carry out public consultation regarding the potential social benefits accruing from the
implementation of IZD project,
review of the existing policies and development strategies, legal and institutional
frameworks pertaining to the project,
Identification of the most appropriate social management and monitoring action plan ,
which will ensure that reinforcement measures for the positive impacts and the mitigation
of adverse social impacts are fully addressed in line with World Bank’s OP4.12
III. Socio Economic Description of the Project Area
As per the population projection made by Central Statistical Agency, the population of the IZD
project area is estimated to be about 10,652. Almost all of the people in the project area are rural
dwellers.
The distribution of social services such as health, educational facilities and water supply services
in the project area is limited. The people residing in the project area use traditional means of
transport. The non-motorized and traditional means of transport used both for passenger and
goods in the area include pack animals such as donkey and mule.
Women in the project area are among the disadvantaged groups of the society having very little
access to resources and services. The IZD project will contribute in improving their social
position, and at the same time create income generating and employment opportunities for
women during the construction work.
IV. Legal and Institutional Framework
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The present RAP builds on the constitution and relevant laws of the Federal Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) and the World Bank's Policy and procedures on Involuntary
Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12). The Bank's policy addresses the need for the mitigation of project
impacts which cannot be avoided. The policy objectives of OP 4.12 are either to avoid or
minimize involuntary resettlement; and to provide assistance to displaced persons so that they
could be able to restore or improve their livelihood. The policy also sets eligibility criteria,
resettlement instruments, monitoring and other related provisions.
In case of conflicts or gaps between the laws of the FDRE and the Bank’s Policy, the later will
prevail as the final and this RAP will be part of the International credit agreement between the
Government of Ethiopia and the Bank.
MOI is responsible for the preparation of RAP and the execution of the compensation payment
as per the guidelines set in this RAP and according to the proclamation 455/2005. In MOI, the
Industrial Zone Development and Environmental Safeguards Directorate (IZDESD) is directly
responsible for the review and monitoring of this Resettlement Action Plan. IZDESD is also
responsible for the supervision and monitoring of the implementation of its mitigation measures.
At Woreda level, the Woreda 11 Administration Office, Woreda Agriculture and Rural
Development Office, Kebele administration, community and religious leaders or elders will play
very important role in the implementation of the RAP.
The GoE Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework is valid for IZ project to implement and
ensures that Project Affected Persons (PAPs) will not be impoverished due to the adverse social
impacts induced by IZD projects and that PAPS will be compensated for loss of assets at
replacement cost and be assisted in case of physical relocation as well as the in livelihood
restoration activities. Any measure to be taken will also be carried out by consulting PAPs.
The established cut off date to record the PAPs in the project area was end of October 2013 and
all PAPs and concerned communities were informed during the stakeholders meetings. It was
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agreed with stakeholders that any person who occupies the land after the completion of inventory
of affected households and assets will not be eligible for compensation for the lost assets and /or
resettlement and rehabilitation. In the event of project delay for more than two years, then there
will be need to update the socio-economic survey that was carried out for this RAP.
V. Impacts on Livelihood and Housing
Land requirement for the industrial zone project will dispossess farm land from the households
whose farmland is situated within the boundaries of the industrial zone. The IZD project also
involves the relocation of houses located within the project site. The total number of PAPs (or
households) who will lose part of their farm land, houses and grazing land are estimated to be
about 259 household heads having a family size of 1259 (617 Male and 642 Female). Among
the project affected people, about 39 are Female headed households.
From among the affected household heads/PAPs/, about 105 will lose an estimated total area of
74 ha of farmland permanently, and the area of farmland lost by each PAP varies from 350m 2 to
22,000m2. On average, each household (or PAP) may lose about 0.7ha of strips of farmland for
the construction works of the IZ project. Out of the total 259 PAPs (or household heads), 191
household heads will lose their houses and related structure. About 60 Households that will lose
their houses were living in the Tukuls and the remaining 131 houses are constructed with wood
and mud and covered with Corrugated Iron Sheet (CIS),
Based on the type of properties they lost, the PAPs could be divided into seven main categories,
i) those who loss grazing land and home land, ii)Farmland and houses, iii) Grazing land only iv)
Farmland only v) Farmland, Grazing land and houses vi) Farm and Grazing land vii) Building
structures only. The affected properties are mainly building structures or houses, fences and
veranda. PAPs that may lose their houses will be relocated to a new location in woreda 11
specifically called Shibo-Ejersa kebelle and new houses will be constructed for them in the new
location. . The new relocation site is closer to Addis Ababa proper than the former place where it
was detached from the city proper and was completely rural village. Practically, the new
relocation site is found at 1-1.5km distance from the suburb residential houses of one of the
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districts of Addis Ababa proper, called the CMC-Summit district, which is one of the fast
expanding and modern residential districts of the city. The new relocation site is bordered by
Bole Lemi Industrial Zone Phase-I project site on the northeast, Addis Ababa wastewater
treatment plant on south waste and CMC-Summit district of Addis Ababa city proper on its north
and northwest sides. The new relocation site is situated within the coverage areas of utilities
such as power and water supply lines as well as access roads. The local administration in
collaboration with MoI and other stakeholders are working to extend and provide the new
relocation site with electric power, water supply and internal access roads. The resettled PAPs
will have to integrate themselves more into urban style of life than rural after some years.
Table 1: The project affected properties and PAPs
No No. of Households
Houses land M2 Household
Farmland M2 Household
Grazing land M2
1 138 38656.59 49 264882.87 24 40798.6592 24 8807.56 13 137972.02 10 13334.53 19 5681.50 19 117078.48 13 23196.934 10 2232.04 24 213841.1 6 13326.83
Total 191 55377.69 105 733774.47 53 90656.919
VI. Delivery of Entitlements
Persons affected by land acquisition, and relocation of houses and assets are entitled to a
combination of compensation measures, resettlement assistance and livelihood restoration
activities. The compensation measures and resettlement/relocation assistance depends on the
nature of ownership rights of lost assets and scope of the impact, including social and economic
vulnerability of the affected persons. In general terms, the affected persons in the project will be
entitled to various types of compensation and resettlement assistance that will help in the
restoration of their livelihoods, at least to the pre-project standards.
The entitlement matrix for the different types of losses that occur due to the implementation of
IZ project is presented in Table 10.
VII. Public Consultation
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Public consultation and field level investigation was carried out in Bole-Lemi II industrial zone
development project site. The consultations were carried out with the objective of identifying the
potential social impacts (positive and adverse); to inform the public on the potential impacts, and
on the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures for the negative impacts and on
measures of reinforcement for the positive impacts; and seek the participation and contribution
of the public during the implementation of IZ project.
Public consultations were carried out through formal meetings and public gatherings, focused
group discussions, meeting with women groups, and informal meetings held with different
sections of the community.
Data was also enriched by consultations with local kebele and Woreda administrations;
community and religious leaders and by consulting different organizations (Governmental and
Community Based Organizations) responsible for social impact mitigation and involuntary
resettlement. The institutional capacity and experience of these organizations in impact
mitigation has been studied and will contribute in implementing this RAP.
VIII. Compensation Estimates
A valuation method for the compensation of PAPs is developed for those households that will be
affected by the IZ project. The methods adopted for valuing the affected assets and properties is
based on a replacement cost and the compensation for the forgone benefits from affected
farmlands was estimated on the basis of the unit rates.
In addition to compensation payment to PAPs funds are required for the day to day activity of
the implementation committee and for monitoring purposes. An estimated budget of Birr
200,000 is allocated for monitoring and the implementation committee. The above amount is
expected to cover costs of the committee for its travel allowances, fuel and transport expenses,
telephone, communication and other related costs.
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The total amount of compensation estimate which includes direct cost for PAPs including the
administrative costs is estimated to be about Birr 18,711,000. The following table summarizes
the total amount of money (or compensation estimate) that is required for the implementation of
this RAP.
No Item Cost in Birr 1 Compensation for permanent land loss 6,000,0002 Compensation for loss of agricultural resources (perennial
trees) e.g., eucalyptus tree 500,000
3 Compensation for residential houses 10,000,000 Sub total 16,500,000 Additional Mitigations 1 Monitoring and evaluation 200.0002 Livelihood Restoration Measures 250,0002 Grievance Redress Mechanism 50,0002 Valuation committee per diem 10,000 Sub total 510,000 Total 17,010,00 Contingency 10%, such as inflation 1,701,000 Grand Total 18,711,000Table 2: Summary of Compensation Estimates
No Civil works contract for the IZ will be initiated unless land free of any encumbrance is made available.
IX. Grievance Redress Mechanism
The likelihood of dispute is much reduced because the PAPs and other relevant stakeholders
have been consulted. Nevertheless, in the event of any dispute, a conflict resolution mechanism
has been designed for the RAP implementation. This mechanism makes the judicial system the
least desirable and last resort to redress the issues if informal conciliation does not resolve the
matter.
After due interaction with the PAPs and relevant stakeholders the following representatives have
been suggested as those to constitute the GRC: Representative of Woreda Administration- as
Chairman of the Committee, Representative of Woreda Agriculture and Rural Development
Officer, Representative of Kebele Administration, two Representatives of PAPs, and an Elder
from the community. These representatives shall form a committee to hear complaints and
facilitate solutions so as to promote dispute settlement through mediation to reduce litigation.
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X. Monitoring and evaluation
In order to successfully complete the resettlement management as per the implementation
schedule and compliance with the policy and entitlement framework, there would be a need for
monitoring and evaluation of the RAP implementation. Monitoring and evaluation will be a
continuous process and will include internal and external monitoring. PIU shall play a key role in
reporting the progress of implementation as well as compliance to the RAP.
XI. Disclosure
The RAP shall be disclosed in-country to the general public for review and comment before it is
approved by the Bank at designated locations and in World Bank Info Shop.
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1. Introduction
The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in its effort to change
the backward economic and social status of the country is working to establish basic industries in
the country through development of Industrial zone in selected urban centers in the country with
the assistance of donors and international financial institutions. One of these projects is the
“Competitiveness and Job Creation Project (CJCP). This project is implemented with loan from
the World Bank to assist Ethiopian Industrial Zone Development Corporation to provide shades,
internal infrastructure and services corresponding to the needs of the Industrial zone sites. The
specific development objective of the proposed project is to contribute to job creation by
attracting investments and improving enterprise competitiveness in the targeted industrial zones
(IZ). This will be achieved by: (i) strengthening institutional and regulatory framework for IZ
development, and capacity building; (ii) supporting industrial infrastructure development of IZs;
and (iii) enhancing IZ linkages to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through targeted
interventions.
1.1 The Need for a Resettlement Action Plan for the Proposed Project.
The proposed project triggers World Bank’s (WB) Operational Policy, OP 4.12 on Involuntary
Resettlement in that it requires acquisition of land as well as restrictions of access in areas within
the Industrial Zone. For WB supported projects, any project that causes displacement of any sort
must be subjected to the requirements of its Operational Policy, OP 4.12, on Involuntary
Resettlement. It is in pursuance to this that this RAP was prepared as part of the World Bank's
Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies.
This RAP which consists of socio-economic survey, a description of the compensation and
assistance to be provided, public consultation, grievance procedures, institutional responsibility
for the operation, monitoring arrangements, and a calendar and budget to be approved by the
Bank is prepared for the Bole Lemi phase II IZD project.
The Resettlement Action Plan study is undertaken in Bole-Lemi IZ site to ensure that the social
impacts that might arise due to implementation of the project should not result in involuntary
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resettlement and land acquisition as far as possible. Where this is necessary, it is undertaken to
ensure that the social impacts are minimized by exploring all available alternatives and where it
is unavoidable, compensation activities are prepared and implemented. Where resettlement and
land acquisition is imminent, it also ensure that those affected by resettlement, whether economic
or physical, are no worse off, and preferably better off, than before.
The socio-economic impact analysis and safeguard measures for the proposed project is,
therefore, planned to guide and ensure Environmental and Social compliance of the project
implementation activities at all stages (design, construction and operation). The need assessment
for land the for project site of Bole Lemi phase II industrial zone development showed that the
construction of shades, infrastructure and other ancillary structures requires about 186 ha of land.
The socio economic assessment of the Bole-Lemi phase II project site found out that the land
requirement would result in the loss of part of the farm lands of 259 households having a total of
1295 individuals and dependents to be affected by the land acquisition. Thus, the affected
households have to be compensated as per the requirements of the Federal Democratic Republic
of Ethiopia (FDRE) and World Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement.
Since the project site is known before appraisal, this RAP is been prepared to mitigate any
adverse social impacts to the PAPs whose land will be acquired for project activities. Further,
this RAP has been developed to meet the Government of Ethiopia and the World Bank's
requirements in relation to resettlement and compensation. It identifies people affected by the
project, the nature and degree of the impacts on them, measures taken to minimize the effects
and compensation and other assistance to be delivered to affected people for unavoidable
impacts.
2. Description of Project Area
2.1. Location of the project
The Bole-Lemi phase II industrial zone project site is located in Addis Ababa. The proposed site
for the industrial zone construction is found in Bole sub-city at woreda11 in the north east
direction, at about 15-20 km distance from the centre of Addis-Ababa administration limits and
in its peripheries. The topographic nature of the project area is characterized by plane area with
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slight hilly feature of elevation about 2000 m.a.s.l. The main land use and cover identified in the
project area are farmland, grazing land, unused land and homeland.
2.2. Description of the project’s Land Requirement
Bole-Lemi Industrial Zone development project is being developed in two phases. The first
phase which is under implementation has a total size of 156 ha and the second phase will require
about 186 ha. The first phase of the zone is being constructed with five initial pre-built factory
facilities in areas of 10,000 square meters, five factory buildings of 5,000 square meters with
administration / management building. The Zone also included on-site infrastructures such as
power, water, drainage, sewage, connections to waste treatment plant and telecommunications.
The Bole Lemi Phase I Industrial Zone Development project represents an improved IZDP than
the older industrial zone of Kality, because the Ministry of Industry has taken a more planned
approach toward its development.
Similarly, the Bole -Lemi phase II industry zone development project will also have pre-built
factory facilities which will be mainly used for Garment Cluster. The cluster development will
involve, in addition to pre-built factory facilities, the development of infrastructure such as road
and utility networks, greenery and parking, business and administration, storage and other
various related infrastructures in the area allocated for industry zone development. These
infrastructures will require the erection of sheds and the structures that will be built in the
industry zone are a) sheds to be used mainly for working area and storage or other related
activities in the industry zone, b) separate buildings for the various administrative and social
services, and c) road and other utilities. These also included buildings and the installation of
utility networks to set up the above mentioned functions.
According to the Industry zone Development Program Implementation Plan (prepared by the
Ministry of Industry and Ministry of Urban Development and Construction), the number of
workers to be engaged in the different activities is estimated to be up to 50,000.
3. Safeguard Instruments Triggered by the Project
Generally, the objective of the World Bank's Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies is to
prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process.
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These policies provide guidelines for bank and borrower staff in the identification, preparation,
and implementation of programs and projects. Safeguard policies have often provided a platform
for the participation of stakeholders in project design, and have been an important instrument for
building ownership among local populations. Accordingly, the project has triggered OP4.01 and
OP4.12 and prepared a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for Kilinto area where the project
exact location is not yet known and an Environmental and Social Assessment for assessing any
potential adverse environmental and social impacts of the project and determine the appropriate
measures towards addressing World Bank requirements on safeguards triggered by the project.
Specifically, the RPF addresses potential adverse social impacts that might stem from
resettlement of people affected by the project, whereas the ESIA/ESMF addresses other possible
harmful social and environmental effects of the project. The focus of each of these relevant
safeguard instruments and their triggers help translate the two national frameworks into specific
costed, measurable, and monitorable actions for each specific intervention sites.
Nevertheless, it should be noted that this RAP identifies the specific impacts in relation to the
Project Affected Persons (PAPs) across the Bole Lemi Industrial Zone were the proposed work is
to be carried out. It identifies the full range of people affected by the proposed work and justifies
their displacement after consideration of alternatives that would minimize or avoid displacement
as well as suggests possible ways by which the impacts on PAPs could best be mitigated.
3.1. Objectives of the RAP
The primary objective of the RAP for Bole-Lemi phase II industrial zone project site is to
identify and alleviate the various impacts of the project. The specific objectives are the
following:
to prevent or at least mitigate the adverse impacts associated with the implementation of
the Industrial zone development project,
to deliver entitlements to project affected people and support them in restoration of
livelihoods in line with Resettlement Policy Framework and the World Bank operational
policies and procedures (OP/BP 4.12))
to maximize PAPs and community members participations in all stages of project
implementations and,
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to ensure that the standard of living of PAPs is improved or restored to pre-project level.
To develop communication mechanism to establish harmonious relationship between the
host community and project affected persons in the resettlement area
To ensure adequate mechanism for quick implementation of resettlement & rehabilitation
Moreover, the RAP addresses pertinent issues to be considered in the compensation process and
other subsequent operations. In line with the overall requirements of the TOR the broad
objectives of the RAP study are: preparing and costing of resettlement activities for the proposed
IZ project and provide the Government and the development partners (i.e. Donors) with
sufficient information about the likely impacts of the proposed IZ project on the existing
environmental and socio-economic environment that would justify acceptance, modification or
rejection of the proposed project for further financing and implementation.
3.2 Scope and Task of the RAP
The RAP covers the Bole Lemi Phase II industrial zone development intervention site, where the
main civil works shall take place as is currently captured by the engineering designs. The scope
of work for the RAP assignment covers the following elements/tasks, consistent with the
provisions described in OP 4.12, paras. 2 and 4 and presented in the TOR for the RAP:
a. A brief description of the project and components for which land acquisition and
resettlement are required, and an explanation of why a Resettlement Action Plan is
required ;
b. Legal analysis and framework, reviewing the Ethiopian laws and regulations and Bank
policy requirements and measures proposed to bridge any gaps between them;
c. Conducting a census and declaring a cutoff date;
d. Estimate population displacement and categories of displaced persons, to the extent
feasible;
e. Eligibility criteria for defining various categories of displaced persons;
f. Valuation of affected assets -- both natural and built assets -- ; Compensation and
assistance are to be based on the overall principle that affected people shall not suffer net
losses as a result of the project;
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g. A description of possible mechanisms for transitional costs (such as moving expenses)
and for restoring livelihoods where they are adversely affected;
h. Organizational procedures for delivery of entitlements, a description of the
implementation process, linking resettlement planning and implementation to both civil
works and livelihood strategies;
i. A description of grievance and redress mechanisms that takes into account the need for
(a) registration of grievances; (b) prompt and transparent action on grievances; (c) due
process; (d) opportunity for appeal; and (e) avoidance of legal proceedings to the extent
possible;
j. A description of the arrangements for funding resettlement including the preparation and
review of cost estimates, the flow of funds, and the contingency arrangements;
k. Development of institutional matrix that clearly identifies all the agencies, public or
private, that will be involved in the resettlement project, their respective roles, the budget
allocated to each and the legal arrangements to be made;
l. A description of mechanisms for consultations with, and participation of, displaced
persons in planning, implementation, and monitoring; and
m. A description of the processes of monitoring, verification and evaluation required for
effective implementation of the resettlement process.
3.3 Guiding Principles for the RAP
In order to ensure that the RAP complies with international best practice, the following shall be
the guiding principles:
Resettlement Must Be Avoided Or Minimized
Genuine Consultation Must Take Place
Establishment of A Pre-Resettlement Baseline Data
Assistance In Relocation Must Be Made Available
A fair and equitable set of compensation options must be negotiated
Resettlement must take place as a development that ensures that PAPs benefit
Vulnerable social groups must be specifically catered for
Resettlement must be seen as an upfront project cost
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An independent monitoring and grievance procedure must be in place
World Bank’s Operational Procedure on forced Resettlement must apply
3.4 Methodology Applied
3.4.1. Data Collection
The data collection processes for the socioeconomic survey include different mechanisms so as
to address the impact of the industrial zone development project. The RAP preparation has made
all possible efforts to collect the required information of the affected households. The nature of
displacement and physical relocation of households from their residential places due to the
project execution is an economic dislocation mainly affecting the livelihoods of farmers. Thus it
was very important to take a census of the affected persons and all properties to be affected for
each household; the extent of income losses; the nature and type of structure to be demolished;
the size of farm land acquired and the legality of the possessions were counted.
The socioeconomic survey, therefore, was conducted using the census count and sample
households representing major groups of the affected farmers. Thus the result of the survey is
prepared so as to provide information to prepare a list of affected persons according to the
existing compensation policy; to establish an entitlement matrix for all losses; indicators for
future monitoring and evaluation during RAP implementation.
Community consultations with representatives of affected people, surrounding institution and
Kebele officials; consultation with government officials and executives on the implementation
and responsibilities of stakeholders; spatial information using field survey on social services and
facilities that are accessible to the households of affected people; and professional observations
were made by the team assigned for the study.
3.4.2. Data Analysis and Interpretation
The triangulation of data was applied to have good and correct picture of the existing condition
and the future measures to be taken. The collected data was also analyzed using computer
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software including MS excel. The results have been arranged sequentially to clear understanding
of the document users.
4. Socio-Economic Baseline Status of the PAPs
4.1. Introduction
This chapter deals with the socioeconomic conditions of the project affected population who are
largely farmers, focusing on the impacts on the land and other fixed assets of the PAPs based on
the inventory and household survey; socioeconomic status of the farmers; and the nature and
types of farm activities that may be affected by the implementation of industrial zone
development project.
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4.2. Location and Population
The Bole-Lemi Phase II Industrial Zone is located in the country’s capital city, Addis Ababa.
The proposed site for the Industrial Zone development is located in Bole Sub-city at woreda11 in
the north east direction, at about 15-20 km distance from the city centre. The topography of the
project area is characterized by plain area with slight hilly feature having an elevation of about
2000 m.a.s.l.
According to the information from the Bole sub-city Woreda 11, the current population of the
Woreda is estimated to be about 10,652 people. The average family size for the affected Woreda
is 4.18 which is less than the national average of 4.8. With regard to gender proportion, the
current population constitutes 51% female and 49% male. The population growth rate is
estimated to be about 2.9 %.The project site is deficient in infrastructure development and social
service facilities. The information obtained from Woreda health bureau shows that almost all
PAPs have no access to government and private medical services. Regarding the religious
compositions of the PAPs, the survey result shows that the majority or 90 % are Christians and
the remaining 10 % are Muslims. About 95 % are Oromo and the remaining 5 % are Amhara and
Gurage.
Table 3: Demographic characteristics of the Woreda
Population Age CategoryBelow 15 Years 15-49 >50
10,652 4105 3779 2786
4.3. Distribution of PAPs Households by Number, type and Compositions
The total number of household PAPs is 259. The majority of the PAP households are male
headed (i.e. 61%) and the remaining 39% are female headed. The gender composition of the
PAPs shows that 58.9% are males while 41.1% are females. The survey result also indicates that
Children and Students who are less than 18 years of age accounts for 55% of the total PAPs.
PAPs with 18-64 years of age, which is usually considered as the actively working age group,
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account for 40% of the household members. The remaining 5% of the PAPs are found to be
households with age group more than 65 years (i.e. the old and vulnerable group),
About 32% of the households have 5-7 family members. The second largest household size has
2-4 family members, which accounts for about 31% of the total affected households. The third
largest household size have about 7-9 persons representing about 6.8% of the affected
households. Thus, the result indicates that the affected households have huge responsibility of
providing subsistence and other socioeconomic needs to their dependants. The majority of
household members are children (sons, daughters and Nephews) under the age of 14 years. The
result also indicates that supports are needed to withstand the effect of displacement and
interruption of household income resulting from the implementation of the IZ project. The
accessibility of basic social services, especially schools and health institutions for households are
very important and must be considered properly during resettlement of the PAPs.
Table 4: Age compositions of the PAPs
No Age Group No. %
1
Children and Students less than 18
years 692 55
2 Active Workers (18-64 years) 504 40
3 Old persons (more than 65 years) 63 5
Total 1259 100
4.4 Occupation and income of PAPs
The Household survey indicates that the primary economic activity of the PAPs is agriculture.
Thus, the main occupation of the project affected populations residing in the project area is
subsistence farming. It is the major livelihood activity where large majority of the population is
engaged in. The PAPs obtain their income from crop production and rearing animals. The
farmlands are used for cultivation of different kinds of crops such as Teff, Maize, Wheat, Barley,
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Sorghum, Sweet potato, etc. among which Teff is dominantly cultivated. Most of the PAPs use
their produces for household consumption. They only sell some portions of the crops for
purchasing consumer goods such as cloth, kerosene, edible oil, salt etc. The agricultural products
contribute 99 % of their annual household income. According to the collected data on the PAPs’
income, the average production of crops per the affected families is about 49 Quintals of cereals
crops which is estimated to have a value of 23,520 birr. In addition to farming, small scale trade
and business are some of the activities where a limited group of the population is engaged.
4.5 Types of Properties Affected
The implementation of the Bole-Lemi II industrial zone Development project will involve the
relocation of the houses located within the project site. The household census has identified that
a total of 191 Household Heads (PAPS) will be losing their housing structures (residential
buildings and fences). The houses to be demolished are privately owned by the PAPs. Many of
the affected house structures are constructed with wood and mud having corrugated iron sheet
roof and the others are the cultural thatched houses (or Tukul). The Tukuls are made of wood and
mud walls having a roof cover made up of grass and wood. Almost all of the affected houses
have dusty floors. All the affected houses do not have connections to utilities like electric power
supply and water services, for there was no utility infrastructure in the project affected area.
4.6 Livelihood and Land use
Ownership of farmland determines an overall socioeconomic status of an individual or a
household in the Bole-Lemi community. In other words, agricultural land is their fundamental
asset or property and a major source of their livelihood activities.
The project affected people are characterized by shortage of farming land as demonstrated by the
very small and fragmented land holdings and intensive farming system. The average land
holding size of the PAPs is only 0.689 ha. The existing land use in the project area will be
affected due to construction of shades, buildings, access roads and substation construction which
will cause permanent loss of the farm, grazing and residential land. Therefore, the project will
provide livelihood restoration activities’ for all PAPs whose limited farmland and housing will
be acquired by the proposed project.
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4.7 Social services
In addition, the survey result shows that PAPs have no access to secondary school and they have
only about 7 KGs, 2 primary schools and 66 teachers. Furthermore, most of the people who live
in this area use the river water /Lemi River/ for drinking and other purposes. Protected water
supply (spring, piped water, pond water and hand dug well) is not available within project
affected zone. On the other hand, farmers have access to fertilizers and selected seeds from the
Woreda Agricultural Office. They can get credit facilities for those who couldn’t afford to buy
fertilizers and selected seeds. They also get advice from agricultural experts to improve the
productivity of agricultural products and management of natural resources.
5. Policy, Legislation and Institutional FrameworksDevelopment projects are required to fulfill relevant legal provisions and policy frameworks to
protect the wellbeing of the society in general and affected communities in particular. The
federal and regional legal frameworks as well as the World Bank guidelines relevant to
involuntary resettlement and compensation procedures are reviewed here and presented as
follows.
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5.1. The Ethiopian Constitutions
The 1995 Ethiopian constitution article 40(2), 40(4), 40(5) and 40(8) includes provisions that
protect the Ethiopian citizen’s rights to private property and set conditions for expropriation of
such property for state or public interest. For immovable property built on land, the constitution
states that “every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds on the
land and to the improvements he brings about on the land by his labor or capital”. According to
Article 40(8) of the constitution the state may expropriate private rights over land; “without
prejudice to the right to private property, the government may expropriate private property for
public purpose” with prior payment of adequate compensation. Article 44(2) of the constitution
stipulates that all people who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely
affected as a result of the state programs shall have the right to receive adequate monetary or
other alternative compensation, including transfer with assistance to another locality
5.2. Policy Framework
5.2.1. Environmental Policy of EthiopiaThe Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE) was issued in April 1997. The overall policy goal is
to improve and enhance the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians and promote sustainable
social and economic development through sound management and use of natural, human-made
and cultural resources and their environment as a whole, so as to meet the needs of the present
generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The
policy consists mainly of guiding principles and various sectoral and cross-sectoral policies for
sustainable environmental management.
The policy seeks to ensure the empowerment and participation of the people and their
organizations at all levels in environmental management activities, raise public awareness and
promote understanding of the essential linkage between environment and development. In
addition to its guiding principles, the policy addresses sectoral and cross sectoral environmental
issues.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) policies are included in the cross sectoral
environmental policies. The EIA policy emphasizes the early recognition of environmental issues
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in project planning at all levels of administration. The principal features of the Environmental
Policy in this area are:
- Provides for protection of human and natural environments.
- Provides for an early consideration of environmental impacts in projects and program
design.
- Recognizes public consultation.
- Includes mitigation plans and contingency plans.
- Provides for monitoring and auditing
- Establishes legally binding requirements
- Institutionalizes policy implementation
The policy establishes the Federal Environmental Protection authority (FEPA) to harmonize
sectoral development plans and implement environmental management programs for the country.
5.2.2. Land Tenure Policy The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) states that the right to
ownership of rural and urban land, as well as all natural resources, is exclusively vested in the
State and People of Ethiopia. Article 40 of the Constitution indicates that land is a common
property of the Nations, Nationalities and the People of Ethiopia, and shall not be subjected to
sale or to other means of transfer.
The Constitution of FDRE retained land under the control of the people and government of
Ethiopia thus, prohibiting its buying and selling. Also article 4(5) of the Proclamation 94/1994
deals with provision of land for the conservation, development and utilization of state forests or
protected areas. However, this can be effective only after the consultation and consent of the
peasantry and subject to the assurance of their benefits.
In general, all legal provisions cited above, make rural and urban lands the property of the People
and Government of Ethiopia, and buying and selling of land is prohibited but leasing rights is
allowed. Moreover, it is the right for existing land owner to be compensated fully and
satisfactorily if land is expropriated by the state.
The Land Policy of Ethiopia strongly support that project plans must include attractive and
sustainable resettlement strategies to the people who are going to be displaced as a result of the
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development plan, and they have to be fully convinced, compensated and have to participate in
all phases of the project implementation.
5.2.3. National Policy of WomenThe national Policy of the Ethiopian Women was issued in March 1993. In this policy it is
indicated that government policies, laws, regulations, plans programmes and projects should be
based on the following objectives:
- To ensure participation of women in the formulation of government policies, laws,
regulations, programs and projects that directly or indirectly benefit and concerns women
- To ensure participation and involvement of women in implementation and decision
making processes
- To ensure equal access of men and women to the country’s resources
5.3. Legal Frameworks
5.3.1. Proclamation No 455/2005The proclamation provides for the expropriation of landholdings for public purposes and
payment of compensation and establishes the legal principles and framework for expropriation
and compensation.
Regarding the determination of compensation, the basis and amount of compensation is clearly
explained in Article 7(1) which states that “land holder whose holding has been expropriated
shall be entitled to payment of compensation for his property situated on the land and for
permanent improvements he made”. Article 7(2) also states that “the amount of compensation for
property situated on the expropriated land shall be determined on the basis of replacement cost of
the property”.
Under article 8(1) of this proclamation a displaced land holder whose land holding has been
permanently expropriated shall in addition to the compensation payable under the articles of this
proclamation is paid displacement compensation, which shall be equivalent to ten times the
average annual income he secured to bring the five years preceding the expropriations of the
land.
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All PAPs and organizations (whether public or private) that loss houses, crops or sources of
income will be compensated or rehabilitated according to the type and amount of their losses.
The cutoff date for compensation eligibility will be set once all detailed measurements have been
completed. Compensation will not be paid for any structures erected or crops and trees planted
purely for the purpose of gaining additional compensation. Cultivating land, constructing
settlement in project affected areas after the cut of date will not be eligible for compensation or
subsidies.
5.3.2. Council of Minister Regulation No, 135/2007The regulation is issued by the council of Ministers for the purpose of not only paying
compensation but also to assist displaced persons to restore their livelihood. The regulation
provides the procedures for application of proclamation No 455/2005. The regulation provides
for compensation payment for property situated on expropriated land for public benefit. The
regulation is titled “payment of compensation for property situated on land holdings expropriated
for public purposes”.
The regulation identified the type of properties eligible for payments of compensation which
includes buildings, fences, crops, perennial crops, trees, protected grass, improvement made on
rural land; relocated property, mining license and burial grounds. The regulation also provides
the required formula for calculating the amount of compensation payable for lost assets due to
development project
a. Compensation for buildings, according to the regulation part two Article 3 (1 to 4),
compensation shall be determined on the basis of the current cost per square meter or unit
for constructing a comparable building. Thus, the compensation for a building shall
include the current cost for constructing floor tiles of the compound, septic tank and other
structures attached to the building; and the estimated cost for demolishing, lifting,
reconstructing, installing and connecting utility lines of the building. The owner of a
building shall have the right to claim compensation for the entire building by surrounding
the total land in his possession where part of the building is ordered to be removed.
b. Compensation for fences, according to article 4 of the regulation, shall be determined
through calculating the current cost per square meter or the unit cost required for
constructing a similar fence
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c. The compensation for trees: the amount of compensation as per the provision of the
regulation shall be determined on the basis of the level of growth of the trees and the
current local price per square meter or per unit
d. Compensation for relocated property: The amount of compensation for a relocated
property shall be determined by computing the estimated costs of labor, material and
transport to be incurred at market value for removing, transferring and installing the
property
The regulation under its miscellaneous provisions prohibits payment of compensations for any
construction or improvement of a building, any crops sown, perennial crops planted or any
permanent improvement on land, where such activity is done after the possessor of the land is
served with the expropriation order.
5.3.3 World Bank Guidelines for Involuntary Resettlement
OP/BP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement: the key objective of the Bank’s safeguard policy 4.12 is
to “ensure that displaced persons are assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and
standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to
levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher”. The
important clauses of the World Bank policy in preparation of resettlement plan and policy
framework includes the following:
Ensure that the displaced persons are informed about their options and rights pertaining
to resettlement;
Consulted upon, offered choices among, and provided with technically and economically
feasible resettlement alternatives;
Prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets;
Provide assistance and allowance;
Provide equivalent productive assets for the loss of residential houses, agricultural land
etc;
Provide support for the transition period (between displacement and livelihood
restoration);
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Provide land related development assistance (credit facilities; training and job
opportunities);
Preference should be given to land based resettlement strategies for displaced persons
whose livelihoods are land based;
Cash compensation level should be sufficient to replace the lost land and assets at full
replacement cost in the local markets;
Depreciation and salvage values will not be deducted from the compensation value;
Eligibility of benefits should include the PAPs who have formal legal rights to land
(include customary and traditional land rights recognized under law), the PAPs who do
not have formal legal rights to land at the time of census but have a claim to such land or
assets and the PAPs who have no recognizable legal right to the land they are occupying;
Particular attention will be paid to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaced,
especially those below the poverty line, landless, elderly, women and children, ethnic
minorities etc;
The displaced persons and their communities will be provided timely and relevant
information, consulted on resettlement options, and offered opportunities to participate in
planning, implementing, and monitoring resettlement. Appropriate and accessible
grievance mechanisms will be established for these groups;
A Grievance Redress Mechanism will be made functional to resolve all complaints and
grievances of PAPs.
5.3.4 COMPARISON TO WORLD BANK OP 4.12There are significant gaps between Ethiopian laws and regulations and the requirements for resettlement as laid out in OP 4.12. The Ethiopian laws and regulations are not completely compatible with the Bank’s OP 4.12 provisions. Below is a short discussion of the most important differences.
While OP 4.12 requires that compensation be completed prior to the start of the project, there are no similar timetables set out in Ethiopian laws or regulations. Additionally, there is no provision for relocation assistance, transitional support, or the provision of civic infrastructure under Ethiopian law.
Additionally, Ethiopian law does not make any specific accommodation for squatters or illegal settlers, other than recognition of some use-rights, such as when settlers can claim rights to the land. OP 4.12 requires that affected communities be consulted regarding project implementation
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and resettlement. Affected communities should also receive the opportunity to participate, implement, and monitor resettlement. However, Ethiopian law states that, when it is determined that a right of way must be established, the expropriation rights of the State take precedence, although the Constitution protects the individual’s use-rights.
However, no specific provision is made in the Ethiopian laws to accommodate the potential adverse impacts of development projects for the vulnerable groups such as women, children, the elderly, historically disadvantaged ethnic minorities, the landless, and those living under the poverty line. These groups are at highest risk to experience negative effects due to resettlement, and should receive special consideration during the preparation of a resettlement policy framework/RAP to assure that they can maintain at least the same standard of living after displacement takes place. Finally, there is also no provision in the law that the state should attempt to minimize involuntary resettlement. However, this appears to be implicit in the country’s Constitution.
Where there is a difference between OP 4.12 and Ethiopian law, the higher standard shall prevail.
5.4. Institutional Arrangements for Implementation
5.4.1. Ministry of IndustryIt is the objective of the Ministry of Industry (MOI), to avoid or reduce the environmental and
social impacts of its industrial zone development projects to a minimum level. If the adverse
social impacts anticipated to occur are unavoidable, the proper organ of the MoI will open
consultation with PAPs and should coordinate legal compensation for loss of their properties. To
achieve the social mitigation goals, MoI should make sure that adequate budget is allocated for
compensation before the project implementation. Ministry of Industry is responsible for the
preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan and monitoring the execution of compensation
payments as per the guidelines set in Resettlement Policy Framework. MoI in consultation with
the city government, sub-city and woreda administrations shall establish property valuation
committee to properly implement compensation payment for PAPs on time before the start of the
project construction activities.
5.4.2. Regional States and Addis-Ababa city GovernmentsThe federal democratic republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) was formally established on August 21,
1995. The FDRE comprises of the federal states with 9 Regional state members. The new
government structure takes power from the centre to regions and localities. The relative roles of
government at the different level (Federal, Regional and Local) in terms of powers and duties,
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including on fiscal matters, have been defined by the constitution, proclamation No. 33 of 1992,
41 of 1993 and 4 of 1995. Under these proclamations, duties and responsibilities of regional
states include planning, directing and developing social and economic programs, as well as the
administration, development and protection of resources of their respective regions.
5.4.3 Social Safeguards OfficerMinistry of Industry is responsible for the preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan and
monitoring the execution of compensation payments as per the guidelines set in Resettlement
Policy Framework. The social safeguards officers in the Industrial Zone Development and
Environmental Safeguard Directorate (IZDESD) will be directly responsible for reviewing,
monitoring, and implementation of the RAP. The social safeguards officer and the IZDESD
safeguards team will also be responsible and in charge for identification of adverse
environmental and social impacts and for monitoring the implementation of its mitigation
measures.
5.4.4 Monitoring and Evaluation OfficerMonitoring and Evaluation is used to evaluate the impact of resettlement for a reasonable period
before and after all resettlement and related development activities have been completed.
Monitoring and Evaluation officer of the Industrial Zone Development Corporation (IZDC) will
be responsible to monitor and evaluate the implementation of the RAP in consultation with
woreda administration office on the bases of indicators that will include;
Number of PAPs and amount of compensation to be made
Restoration and restitution of PAP
Appropriateness of relocation sites
Appropriateness of the time schedule for RAP
Public infrastructures and social services re-established
Support and assistance made to vulnerable groups and women
Appropriateness of grievance redresses mechanisms
The evaluation will be done on quarterly and annual basis for two consecutive years. The
monitoring and evaluation results will be based on a number of key indices for selected
households, in combination with the special observation by the social scientist. Woreda
administration offices will produce a report regarding their accomplishments and submit to MOI.
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The report will inform the client about the accomplished compensation process and make the site
is ready for the construction of the Industrial Zone Development Project.
5.4.5 Resettlement Implementation CommitteeThe committee will be constituted of representatives from Woreda administration office, of
PAPs, Kebele administration, Sub-city land management team, Woreda Agriculture and Rural
Development Office and elder people.
The Ministry of Industry in close collaborations with the Addis-Ababa city Government and its
sub-city and woreda administrative bodies are responsible to inform about the project impacts
and formation of the compensation committees at woreda level. The Addis-Ababa city
Government and its lowest administrative bodies are responsible to establish these ad-hoc
compensation committees at sub-city and woreda to facilitate identification of eligible PAPs,
property inventories, valuation of affected properties, selection of resettlement sites and
compensation by taking into account the RPF and national requirements.
5.4.6 Grievance Redress CommitteeThe main function of grievance redress committee (GRC) is for handling grievances and will
resolve the problem amicably. The affected person will file his discontents in writing to the
committee chairperson. The grievance needs to be signed and dated by the aggrieved person. The
GRC will respond within fifteen days after they investigate the matter. If the grievance is related
to valuation of assets, the appropriate officers may need to be requested to revalue the assets in
question, and this may necessitate a longer period of time. In this case, the aggrieved person
must be notified by the GRC that his/her complaint is being considered. If the aggrieved person
does not receive a response or is not satisfied with the outcome he/she may lodge the case to the
Court. Decisions of the courts will be the final and binding. But the preferred option for dispute
settlement is amicable settlement and arbitration among aggrieved parties.
6. Impact and Mitigation Measures of the Project
6.1. Positive Impacts of the Project
6.1.1. Economic benefit
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The fundamental benefits of IZDs derive from their role as instruments of trade and investment
policy. These benefits result from capturing the gains from specialization and exchange,
including the attraction of Foreign Direct Investment(FDI), the generation of foreign exchange
through exports and the creation of economic value added products and services. In addition the
IZD will increase Government revenue through export diversification, serve as testing field for
wider economic reform, and enhance technological capabilities, know-how skills, technology
transfer and trade efficiency of domestic firms.
6.1.2. Employment Opportunity
The construction of the industrial zone project is expected to create employment opportunities
and jobs for the local communities. The youth and women residing in the project area will
benefit from the employment opportunities created during the construction of the industrial zone
directly or indirectly. It can be assumed that this will have significant contribution to poverty
reduction at household level.
The enhanced economic performance of participating businesses will also make the IZ a
powerful economic development tool for communities. The industrial zone is likely to attract
leading-edge corporations and open place for new or expanded local ventures. Both will create
new jobs in much cleaner industrial facilities and this will benefit not only the local but also the
wider community of Addis Ababa city. Tens of thousands of jobs are anticipated to be created
for skilled and semi-skilled professionals that will be filled in by the unemployed members of the
wider community. Companies in the region will gain new clients for services and buyers for
products in the new firms in the IZ. Development of IZDs will create programs for extending
their economic opportunity across a community’s whole industrial sector.
6.2. Negative Impacts of the Project
The adverse social impacts of Bole-Lemi Phase II industrial zone development project is mainly
the displacement of farmers from their agricultural farmland and residential houses. The
establishment of the proposed industrial zone will involve the demolishing of houses and loss of
annual and perennial crops and trees with in the project site. The major impact is therefore
40
related with economic activities of households as well as disruption of their social and cultural
setting in the existing neighborhoods.
Socio - economic survey and inventory of project affected properties and assets have been
conducted within the proposed project affected Woreda to determine the exact number of
affected persons and the extent and nature of impacts. The findings of the survey show that about
259 households are affected by the project and all will lose their farmland and perennial crops.
The residential houses will also be demolished by the project and consequently there will be
physical displacement.
6.2.1. Impact on FarmlandThe proposed industrial zone development project is going to adversely affect the farmland of
the households in and around the project area by acquiring it for project development. The
Household surveys indicate that the primary economic activity of the PAPs is agriculture. The
PAPs obtain income and livelihood from agricultural activities like crop production and rearing
animals. Further, the farmlands are used for cultivation of different kinds of crops; such as, Teff,
Maize, Wheat, Barley, Sorghum, Sweet potato etc, among which Teff is dominantly cultivated.
Most of the PAPs are using their product for household consumption. They sell only some
amount of crops for purchasing cloths and other consumer goods such as kerosene, food oil, salt
etc. Agricultural product contributes 99 % of their annual household income.
Land is one of the most important assets of the PAPs and the major source of their livelihoods.
The overall average land holding size for the project area is 0.689 ha per household which is
smaller than the national average of 1 ha per household. Therefore, loss of income is associated
with loss of the average land holding. According to the collected data on the PAPs’ income, the
average production of crops per the affected families is about 49 Quintals of cereals crops per
hectare per year i.e., Birr 23,520.00 (49 Quintals x 480 Birr).
Table 5: land use distribution in the project area
No Land Use Type Area (hectares) Percentage (%)
1 Farm land 75 40.92 Grazing land 11 5.83 Forest land 5 2.6
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4 Unused land 88 475 Home land 7 3.7
Total 186 100
Figure 1: Farmland with crop production
6.2.2. Impact on Housing StructuresThe implementation of the Bole-Lemi Phase II industrial zone development project will involve
the demolition and relocation of the houses located within the project site. The household census
has identified that a total of 191 Household Heads (PAPS) will be losing their housing structures
(i.e. residential buildings and fences). According to Bole sub-city Woreda 11 officials the PAPs
are planned to be relocated to a new area called Shibo-Ejersa kebelle which is found within the
same woreda not far from the site of the phase I Bole Lemi IZDP.
Socio- economic assessment was carried out on residential conditions of the PAPs to understand
their living conditions and quality of life. The findings indicate that the majority of affected
people are living in their own houses. The affected house structures are constructed with
different types of construction materials, of which some of them are constructed with wood and
mud walls covered with Corrugated Iron Sheet (CIS), and the others are cultural thatched houses
(or Tukul). All of the affected houses do not have infrastructure like electric power supply and
water supply services.
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Table 6: House structures of the PAP
No Type of houses Numbers1 Tukuls (hut) 602 Corrugated iron roof Mud
and wood wall /houses131
Total 191
Figure 2: PAP Building structures
6.2.3. Impact of the project on Agricultural Resources Farmers in the project affected areas planted a large number of trees on small plots of land and in
their homestead which consist of eucalyptus, Juniper and other species. One of the major impacts
of the proposed development project on PAPs is loss of perennial crops and trees. A total of
38,500 perennial trees (not forest but backyard trees owned by individuals) will be affected due
to the project. Different types of trees will be affected; though most are Eucalyptus and Juniper
(Tid).
Figure 3: showing farmer's homestead and field trees
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6.3.4. Proposed Mitigation Measures Based on the GOE's Resettlement/Rehabilitation policy framework and WB policy on
involuntary resettlement (OP/BP 4.12), description of the packages of compensation is
established at a replacement cost. The resettlement measures will assist each category of eligible
displaced persons to achieve the objectives of the policy of GOE and WB. In line with the
different provisions explained earlier, the following mitigation measures were developed in
response to the issues stressed by the PAPs for affecting their lives.
Compensation for physical assets owned, like house structures and fences
Compensation for their farmland and Grazing land
Compensation for their planted trees
Provision of relocation allowance (movement and installation)Provision of compensation
for livelihood interruptions and income restoration strategies
Assistance to Vulnerable Groups
There is need for provision of additional support to the vulnerable groups to
facilitatefaster adjustment in the new environment and impacts associated with the
project.
Vulnerable households may have different land needs from most households, or needs
unrelated to the amount of land available to them.
Vulnerable PAPs in the project area included Female headed households, widows,
widowers and the elderly people. These special groups will be given direct support by
acquisition of land and developments of new structures to enable them have a smooth
transition compared to the others who will be compensated directly inform of cash. It is
therefore important to ensure that vulnerable social groups are compensated to their
satisfaction
Table 7: Major Types of Resettlement Loss and Mitigation Measures Required
Type of loss Mitigation measures
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Loss of productive assets, includingland, income and livelihood
Compensation at replacement cost for lost incomes and livelihoods. Income substitution and transfer costs during reestablishment plus income restoration measures in the cases of lost livelihoods
Loss of housing, possibly entire community structures, systems and services
Compensation for lost housing and associated assets at replacement rates; relocation options including relocation site development if required; plus measures to restore living standards.
Provide housing, (or finance resettled persons to construct), infrastructure (e.g., water supply, feeder roads), and social services (e.g., schools, health services).
Ensure comparable services to host populations; any necessary site development, engineering and architectural designs for these facilities.
Loss of other assets Compensation at replacement rates or
replacement
Loss of community resources, habitat, cultural sites, and goods
Replacement if possible, or compensation at replacement rates; restoration measures
7. Public ConsultationPublic consultations and field level investigation were carried out in Bole-Lemi II Industrial
Zone development project at woreda 11 in December 19, 2013. Public consultations were carried
out with the objective of identifying the potential social impacts (positive and negative); and on
the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures for the negative impacts and on
measures of reinforcement for the positive impacts; to inform the public on the potential impacts
and seek the participation and contribution of the public during the implementation of project.
The primary purpose of public consultation is to protect the interest of Project Affected
Persons/Communities, especially the poor and vulnerable groups. It also gives opportunity for
the affected people to influence the project to reduce adverse impacts, maximize additional
benefits, and ensure that they receive appropriate compensation. Public consultation was carried
out through formal meetings and public gatherings, focused group discussions, meeting with
women groups, meeting with different sections of the community.
45
Public consultations were held with community leaders, elders, women representatives, villages
in Bole-Lemi II project site. The list of participants from the public consultation meetings are
shown in the attached annex II. FDRE Constitution also reaffirms the participation of the public,
in policies and projects that affect their livelihood. Article 43 No.2 states that:
"Nationals have the right to participate in national development and, in particular, to be
Consulted with respect to policies and projects affecting their community"
Stakeholders' consultation was also conducted to increase the participation of all the
stakeholders, including people residing in the project area, local government officials, Kebele
administrations and woreda experts and professionals from every sector in IZ site. Stakeholders'
consultation was held with the objective of influencing the identified stakeholders in each key
stage of implementation of IZ project.
The consultations were held in the form of meetings and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with
the different groups of public and private organizations, community groups and Project Affected
Persons (PAP), and individuals who participated in the public. The consulted groups include;
Project Affected Persons (PAP),
Community and Religious leaders,
Elders and informal leaders,
Woreda Administration and Sector Offices,
Kebele Administrations (rural and Urban),
The consultation discussions focused on:
Nature of potential social impacts of the IZ project , and its impacts on social, cultural
and economic ties and networks during and after construction works; on the loss of
productive resources; loss of farmland and Grazing land.
Identification of major social impact issues, such as involuntary resettlement, community
severance and vulnerable groups that are at particular risk of project impacts; and
compensation for affected properties and assets.
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Data and information on the current usage and ownership of land existing, fixed and
movable structures, trees, wells and other assets.
Social composition, settlement patterns, main sources of livelihood and past history of
displacement of the population.
The results of the public consultations and consensus reached include;
All of the consulted community groups were welcoming and indicated social
acceptance of the IZDP with a caution that project should provide all necessary
preparation for good environmental performance of the IZDP, specifically during the
operation phase to prevent the surrounding community from pollution related health
effects.
The meeting emphasized the need for ownership and commitment of government to
ensure the release of the necessary funds to pay off compensations and give the needed
support to implementing resettlement action plan within a short period.
Another outcome of the consultations was that, the Sub-city should provide basic
infrastructures like water, road, electricity and others within the resettlement site for
affected People before actual relocation of PAPs takes place.
There is also a major concern of availability and functionality of waste treatment
facilities.
Participants were not satisfied that priorities for project benefits such as job
employment and other opportunities would be given to the affected (local residents)
Special support will be made by the woreda and the community for female headed
households affected by the IZ project.
Government will facilitate the smooth implementation of the construction works and
provide other routine administrative supports if need be.
The construction of the project will enhance development and growth and contribute
poverty reduction.
In general, in all the locations of the public consultations, the public are highly supportive and
positive about the construction of the IZ project and are happy about the Resettlement Action
Plan; and are looking forward to the commencement of the construction works.
47
Figure 4 : Community consultations
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8. The Resettlement Action Plan
Involuntary resettlement is one of the outcomes of the Implementation of the IZDP. The land
acquisition will lead to adverse socioeconomic impacts, such as, loss of income and assets, loss
of farm lands, loss of trees (perennial and other types); disintegration of community and social
networks and associations; disintegration of close relatives, family members, neighborhoods; and
it may also create adverse impact on social values, assets; and as well as psychological and other
related social problems.
In order to minimize the effect of industrial zone development project on the local population
living within the project site, a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is prepared. The preparation of
this RAP is on the basis of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia,
Ministry of Industry Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework and the World Bank's
Operational Policies and Procedures (OP/BP 4.12).
In the course of preparing this RAP, the consultant has carried out field level investigation, such
as, household census of PAPs, taking inventory of properties and assets for the affected
households, assessing the livelihood of PAPs, and conducting public consultation; and also
valuation of property and compensation estimate for each of the affected households. The RAP
has recommended income restoration measures for the PAPs, and establishes methodologies for
compensation estimate and payment. The RAP will facilitate the rehabilitation of Project
Affected Persons and restores their livelihood and avoid PAPs from becoming impoverished due
to the implementation of IZ project.
8.1. Household Census and Baseline Socio – Economic Survey
Household census of PAPs is one of the core components of RAP; because it is at this step that
all the relevant data and information concerning the livelihood of PAPs is collected and
compiled. The household census identified the current occupants of the right-of-way to avoid
inflow of people for eligibility of compensation. The baseline information and data collected on
livelihoods of PAPs and affected assets and properties includes; Household information of PAPs:
Name, age, gender, ethnicity, family size, number of dependents, and;
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information on livelihood activities: Profession (or occupation also used as proxy for
income streams),
information and data on the production systems
types of properties to be affected, size and type of farmland, major crops, annual
production and income; houses (residential, business) to be demolished; magnitude of the
expected loss (total or partial of assets), and the extent of displacement, physical or
economic,
impacts on agricultural land with the names of owners of the individual farmersin size
(m2), and croplands, trees were assessed,
information on vulnerable groups (Female Headed Households, elderly) or persons (for
whom special provision may have to be made),
The patterns of social interaction in the affected communities, including social networks
and social support systems, and how they will be affected by the project,
8.2. Livelihood of the Project Affected Person
The project affected populations residing in the area are engaged in different types of livelihood
activities. Among the different livelihood activities of the population, subsistence farming is the
major livelihood activity where large majority of the population is engaged in. In addition to
farming, small scale trade and business are some of the activities where small group of the
population is engaged at.
8.3. Gender Structure of Project Affected Persons
Out of the total household heads that would be affected by the project, 39 are Female Headed
Households and the rest 220 PAPs are men headed. At the time of implementing this RAP,
special attention, support and care will be given to Female Headed Households (FHH) since they
may face several problems and difficulties that would either hinder or affect their rights. The
support will be in rebuilding their houses, transporting properties and materials, utensils to
relocation sites and newly constructed residential houses.
At the time of cash compensation, Female Headed Households will be treated equally like that of
their male counterparts. In general, there might be a need to safeguard the need and interest of
50
women, and in particular that of female headed households in resettlement measures. Some of
the issues that need to be looked into the safeguard of women's interests include;
Identification of the socioeconomic conditions, needs, and priorities of women; and the
impact on women is monitored and evaluated separately.
Entitlement criteria recognize Female Headed Households.
Entitlements ensure that women are not disadvantaged by the process of land acquisition
and resettlement.
Land titles at the resettlement site or any grants included are in the name of both spouses.
Women's groups are involved in resettlement planning, management, and operations and
in job creation and income generation.
8.4. Category of Affected Properties
The category of affected properties is mainly divided into seven; i) those who loss grazing land
and home land, ii)Farmland and houses, iii) Grazing land only iv) Farmland only v) Farmland,
Grazing land and houses vi) Farm and Grazing land vii) Building structures only. Based on the
severity of the impacts, from among the seven categories of PAPs the highly affected are firstly
those who lose their farmland, grazing land and houses, secondly those whose Farmland and
Grazing land are affected, and thirdly are those losing only their houses and properties.
During the household census, it was identified that 138 households will be affected by losing
their houses/residences only, about 13 households will lose their farmlands and grazing land,
while 24 household will lose their Farmland, Grazing land and home land and 6 households will
lose their grazing land, 49 households will lose their farmland only and 19 households will lose
their Farmland and houses.
The affected houses are constructed with different types of construction materials, such as, wood
and mud and covered with corrugated iron sheet; and Tukuls or huts covered with thatched grass.
Out of the affected houses; 60 are Tukuls and 131 are houses constructed with mud and wood
and having corrugated iron sheet roofs.
Table 8: Affected people and lose of properties
NoNumber of Household
Houses land M2
Number of Household
Farmland M2
Number of Household
Grazing land M2
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1 138 38656.59 49 264882.87 24 40798.6592 24 8807.56 13 137972.02 10 13334.53 19 5681.5 19 117078.48 13 23196.934 10 2232.04 24 213841.1 6 13326.83
191 55377.69 105 733774.47 53 90656.919
9. Valuation and Compensation Methods for Loss of Assets
9.1 Strategy for Expropriation and Compensation
The strategy adopted for the expropriation and compensation of the affected properties/assets
follows the Federal Government laws and regulation for valuation and compensation estimate. In
addition to the FDRE laws and regulations, WB policies and Regional Government laws and
other supplementary guidelines are considered to achieve replacement cost for the lost assets.
This RAP builds on World Bank's policy on involuntary resettlement (OP/BP 4.12). The Bank's
policy addresses the need for the treatment of project impacts, which cannot be avoided. The
policy objectives of OP 4.12 are either to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement; if carried
out to execute as sustainable development programme and to provide assistance to displaced
persons so that they could be able to restore or improve their livelihood. The policy also sets
eligibility criteria, resettlement instruments and monitoring, and other provisions.
The content of this RAP is within Ethiopia's existing legal and administrative framework and
World Bank's policy on involuntary resettlement (OP4.12). Valuation of assets was conducted
between August 2013 to October 2013 with experienced persons from Woreda agriculture and
rural development office and with surveyors/town planners from Bole sub-city administration
land management department. The final compensation rate and the amount to be paid will be
calculated by Bole sub-city Administration of land management and compensation committee.
The compensation payment will be effected by the Finance Division |of Bole sub-city
Administration.
In order to provide PAPs with adequate compensation for the assets they would lose, proper
valuation will be undertaken by the compensation committee. The committee, in close
consultation with PAPs and in collaboration with the local experts and administration will review
and establish the unit rate for the affected assets to be determined on the basis of market value.
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9.2. Compensation Approach
The compensation approach adopted in this RAP reflects the FDRE’s proclamation 455/2005
and WB policy on involuntary resettlement (OP 4.12). Compensation for land structures, fixed
improvements and other temporary impacts are based on among other things on market
valuation, productivity valuation, negotiated settlements, material and labor valuation,
disposition of save materials and other fees paid.
The compensation approach will be determined on the willingness and readiness of owners of a
resource to give up their rights. Compensation for temporary impacts will be calculated on the
basis of the criterion/principles;
Compensation equivalent to lost income required for the duration of impact,
Compensation equivalent to lost income required for loss of access,
Physical restoration of assets (or access) required prior to return,
In addition, PAPs will be entitled to transitional assistance which includes moving expenses,
residence, employment training and income support. In general, the compensation approach will
address the following four questions:
what to compensate for (e.g. land, structures, business, fixed improvements or temporary
impacts, lost income);
how to compensate;
when to compensate; and
how much to compensate.
The compensation approach will be determined on the willingness and readiness of owners of a
resource to give up their rights. The compensation procedures will include three steps;
Establishment of compensation committees, Assessment of replacement values of identified
assets; Establishment of compensation rates for all assets to be expropriated.
9.3. Entitlement/Eligibility
This section provides a framework for entitlement for each category of impacts that have been
discussed in the previous section. The information to be included here are eligibility criteria for
determining their eligibility for compensation and other resettlement assistance, eligibility
policy; entitlement matrix; resettlement measures and valuation of compensation for losses
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explaining the methodology to be used in valuing losses (affected structures, land, trees and other
assets to determine their replacement cost. To determine the eligible person for compensation the
national proclamations and regulations (proclamation 455/2005; Regulation No, 135/2007) and
World Bank involuntary resettlement policy are taken in to account. Therefore, the criterion for
eligibility for affected persons is contained in World Bank involuntary resettlement policy and
the national proclamation No 455/2005 which are adopted in the present RAP.
All project affected structure owners and users who lose land, building /houses, or sources of
income will be compensated or rehabilitated according to the type and amount of their losses
based on the census and inventory of lost assets conducted. The date of census establishes the
cut-off date to record the PAPs in a project area who can receive compensation for lost assets
and /or resettlement and rehabilitation assistance. A person who occupies the land after the
inventory of household and assets is completed will not be eligible for compensation. The
entitlement matrix outlined in the table below defines the eligibility for compensation and
rehabilitation assistance for impacts /losses for different types of assets for different category of
project affected persons. All compensation/assistance shall be paid before
relocation/displacement so as to allow the family to construct new house before evacuation from
the present location
9.4. Entitlement Matrix
Disclosed in the tabular form is consisting of the type of losses due to the implementation of the
proposed industrial zone project; loss of farmland; loss of residential house; loss of trees or
woodlots; loss of livelihood. The matrix shows: definition of affected persons; list of
entitlements and details of the entitlement.
Table 9: Entitlement Matrix
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Land and Assets
Types of Impact Person(s) Affected
Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits
Agricultural land
Cash compensation for affected land equivalent to market value Less than 20% of land holding affectedLand remains economically viable.
title holder Cash compensation for affected land equivalent to replacement value, taking into account market values for the land.
Tenant/ lease holder
Cash compensation for the harvest or product from the affected land or asset, equivalent to ten times the average annual income s/he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land.
Greater than 20% of land holding lost Land does not become economically viable.
Farmer/ Title holder
Land for land replacement where feasible, or compensation in cash for the entire landholding according to PAP’s choice, taking into account market values for the land, where available Land for land replacement will be in terms of a new parcel of land of equivalent size and productivity with a secure tenure status at an available location which is acceptable to PAPs. Transfer of the land to PAPs shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs.Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature )
Tenant/Lease holder
Cash compensation equivalent to ten times the average annual income s/he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land.Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature
Commercial land
Land used for business partially affected
Title holder/ business owner
Cash compensation for affected land, taking into account market values for the land, where available.
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Land and Assets
Types of Impact Person(s) Affected
Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits
Limited loss Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 5% of net annual income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates where such records do not exist).
Business owner is lease holder
Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 10% of net annual income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates where such records do not exist).
Assets used for business severely affected
If partially affected, the remaining assets become insufficient for business purposes.
Title holder/business owner
Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according to PAP’s choice; cash compensation to take into account market values for the land, where available. Land for land replacement will be provided in terms of a new parcel of land of equivalent size and market potential with a secured tenure status at an available location which is acceptable to the PAP.Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs.Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance)Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates)
Business person is lease holder
Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation allowance, whichever is higher.Relocation assistance (costs of shifting)Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property (for a maximum of 6 months) to reestablish the business.
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Land and Assets
Types of Impact Person(s) Affected
Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits
Residential land
Land used for residence partially affected, limited lossRemaining land viable for present use.
Title holder Cash compensation for affected land, taking into account market values for the land, where available.
Rental/lease holder
Cash compensation equivalent to 10% of lease/ rental fee for the remaining period of rental/ lease agreement (written or verbal)
Title holder Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according to PAP’s choice; cash compensation to take into account market values for the land.Land for land replacement shall be of minimum plot of acceptable size under the zoning law/s or a plot of equivalent size, whichever is larger, in either the community or a nearby resettlement area with adequate physical and social infrastructure systems as well as secured tenure status.When the affected holding is larger than the relocation plot, cash compensation to cover the difference in value.Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs.Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance)
Land and assets used for residence severely affectedRemaining area insufficient for continued use or becomes smaller than minimally accepted under zoning laws
Rental/lease holder
Refund of any lease/rental fees paid for time/use after date of removalCash compensation equivalent to 3 months of lease/ rental feeAssistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ propertyRelocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance)
Buildings and
Structures are partially affected
Owner Cash compensation for affected building and other fixed assets taking into
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Land and Assets
Types of Impact Person(s) Affected
Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits
structuresRemaining structures viable for continued use
account market values for structures and materials.
Cash assistance to cover costs of restoration of the remaining structure
Rental/lease holder
Cash compensation for affected assets (verifiable improvements to the property by the tenant), taking into account market values for materials.Disturbance compensation equivalent to two months rental costs
Entire structures are affected or partially affected
Remaining structures not suitable for continued use
Owner Cash compensation taking into account market rates for structure and materials for entire structure and other fixed assets without depreciation, or alternative structure of equal or better size and quality in an available location which is acceptable to the PAP.Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensationRelocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance)Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement, skills training)
Rental/lease holder
Cash compensation for affected assets (verifiable improvements to the property by the tenant)Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance equivalent to four months rental costs)Assistance to help find alternative rental arrangementsRehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement, skills training)
Squatter/informal dweller
Cash compensation for affected structure without depreciationRight to salvage materials without deduction from compensationRelocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance to find alternative secure accommodation preferably in the
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Land and Assets
Types of Impact Person(s) Affected
Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits
community of residence through involvement of the projectAlternatively, assistance to find accommodation in rental housing or in a squatter settlement scheme, if available)Rehabilitation assistance if required assistance with job placement, skills training)
Street vendor (informal without title or lease to the stall or shop)
Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation allowance, whichever is higher.Relocation assistance (costs of shifting)Assistance to obtain alternative site to re- establish the business.
Standing crops
Crops affected by land acquisition or temporary acquisition or easement
PAP (whether owner, tenant, or squatter)
Cash compensation equivalent to ten times the average annual income s/he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land.
Trees Trees lost Title holder Cash compensation based on type, age and productive value of affected trees plus 10% premium
Temporary acquisition
Temporary acquisition PAP (whether owner, tenant, or squatter)
Cash compensation for any assets affected (e. g. boundary wall demolished, trees removed)
Loss of Livelihood
Households living and or working on the project area, including title holders/non-title holders/daily laborers working in the market
Rehabilitation Assistance
Training assistance for those interested individuals for alternative income generating activities; providing employment opportunities on the construction site for the PAPs.
9.5. Expropriation Law
The Constitution of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia clearly states that the Government
has the right to expropriate private property for public use subject to payment in advance of
compensation commensurate to the value of the property. The FDRE Constitution (Article 40,
No. 8) states that the Government has the right to expropriate private property for public
purposes by providing the appropriate compensation.
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Similarly, Proclamation 455/2005 also states the power of Woreda and urban administration to
expropriate land for public use upon payment in advance of compensation. Part Two; Article 7,
No.1 of the proclamation states that a land holder whose land has been expropriated for public
use by the concerned government authorities is entitled to compensation. According to FDRE
proclamation and World Bank Policy (OP4-12), PAPs whose properties will be expropriated for
the implementation of IZ project have the right for compensation and to assist displaced persons
to restore their livelihoods.
9.6. Land Requirements/Acquisition
Land requirements by the implementation of IZ project for the different construction works such
as internal infrastructure, construction of shade, spoil dump, borrow pit, etc could affect farm
land or settlement areas found in the project area. The implementation of IZ project will affect an
estimated 186ha of farmland, grazing land and homeland.
PAPs whose land will be affected in the rural areas may receive a replacement land in
accordance with the law. The regulation issued by the Council of Ministers (Regulation
No.13512007) states that affected persons who may lose their land for the construction works are
eligible for replacement of land. Part Three, Article 4 of the regulation states that urban dweller
whose landholding is expropriated for public purpose shall be governed by directives issued by
Regional states; and for the rural areas, Article 5 states that "the rural areas where land is used
for growing crops or a protected grass or pastoral land is expropriated for public purposes, the
possessor of such land shall, as much as possible be provided with a plot of land capable of
sewing similar purpose".
When there is displacement in rural areas, the compensation for rural landholders whose lands
will be expropriated permanently will amounts to ten times the price of the average yield of
crops or perennial crops obtained from the land.
9.7. Income Restoration
Income restoration refers to reestablishment of income levels for the PAPs prevalent at the time
of displacement. Income restoration is an important component for the resettlement of PAPs who
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have lost their productive base, jobs, or other income sources, regardless of whether they have
also lost their houses.
In income restoration, issues such as source of livelihood (monetary and non-monetary),
availability of land for replacement (if possible), existing skills of PAPs, employment
opportunities and income restoration options will be provided. For PAPs who have lost their
assets, income restoration plans or programmers may require support and services in the long
and short term basis.
The short term support plans may include compensation payment made for lost assets and
properties before relocation, allowances for transportation and moving agricultural extension and
other related supports until the income level of PAPs is restored. This short term support also
involves provision of employment opportunities at project construction site.
Long-term income restoration involves land and non-land-based economic activities that will
provide a sustained source of income over a longer period of time and to enable income
restoration, or better still, improvements in PAPs standard of living. It may include training,
small business development and plan. More importantly, livelihoods activities will be selected by
communities themselves, guided by a list of potential activities, with sensitization carried out and
informed by exposure to professional and technical services provided by the project. As activities
are selected, and groups and/or individuals develop appropriate plans, trainers with expertise in
specific livelihood activities will be retained for short periods to provide hands-on instruction for
participants; Emphasis must be direct on people most in need of livelihood support, for example
those most affected by farmland acquisition (the poor, landless, disabled and female-headed
households). The project will work will appropriate Federal and Woreda authorities to develop
restoration strategies, in accordance with identified needs – such as small business
development/plans, basic bookkeeping, banking, accessing commercial finance, marketing,
customer relations, customer relations, leadership and team building etc. It will also include the
provision of basic social amenities (water, electricity road and medical services) to the new sites
as part of community development initiative.
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10. Grievance Redress Mechanism, Compensation Payment and Procedures
Compensation procedures and civil works schedule will be established by Ministry of Industry in
consultation with the woreda compensation committee and PAPs will be notified when the land
has to be vacated and the compensation to be paid. All compensation payments will be effected
ahead of the civil works. Compensation procedures will include three steps:
a. Establishment of compensation (or property valuation) committees:
The committees will constitute: representatives of Woreda administration office,
representatives of PAPs, representative of elders and Woreda Agriculture and Rural
Development Office, representative of Kebele. The compensation committee will
conduct the registration of affected properties and the number of PAPs per households;
and establish the compensation rates, taking into account, GOE compensation policy and
World Bank requirements. The Bole Sub-city will ensure that Gender balance of the
committee is maintained and at least two women are included as members of the
compensation committee.
b. Establishment of compensation rates for all assets to be expropriated:
Compensation rates will be established to effect the compensation payment. For instance,
compensation of trees will take into account the distinction between various types of trees
and their economic values.
c. Effecting the compensation payment
Compensation payment will be made for PAPs in their residence. The compensation
payment for PAPs will be made in front of the compensation committee.
10.1. Grievance Redress
In order to ensure that PAP grievances and complaints on any aspect of the land acquisition,
compensation, and resettlement are addressed in a timely and satisfactory manner, and that all
possible avenues are available to PAPs to air their grievances, a well-defined grievance redress
mechanism has to be established by the Woreda 11 Administration. It is customary to establish
compensation committee to execute compensation matters.
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However, to avoid taking the case to court and to speedily and amicably settle the dispute the
committee will be established by sub-city. The committee will be established by members drawn
from Woreda, representatives of PAPs:
Arbitrational tribunal members
1. Representative of Woreda Administration - Chair Person
2. Representative of Woreda Agriculture and Rural Development Office
3. Representative of Kebele Administration
4. Two representatives of PAPs
5. Community leader or Elder person
The citizens should have the right to log their grievances; the Grievance Committees should
suggest corrective measures at the field level and assign responsibilities for implementation of
its decisions. The committees should deliver their decision within a month of case registration.
Appeals against the decisions of the Grievance Redress Committee should be heard by the
Woreda Cabinet. Decisions of the Woreda Cabinet should be final and not contested in any
other forum except in the courts of law.
10.2. Grievance Redress Framework
Grievance related to any aspect of the project will be handled through negotiations, which will
be aimed at achieving consensus following the procedures outlined below:
1. Grievances will be filed by the person affected by the project with the Woreda 11
Administrations Office, which should act within limited days set by Woreda
Administration on receipt thereof.
2. If no understanding or amicable solution can be reached, or if the affected person does
not receive a response from the Office within agreed time table of the registry of the
complaint, he/she can appeal to the sub-city, which should act on the complaint/grievance
within time table set by local government.
3. If the affected person is not satisfied with the decision of both, he/she, as a last
resort, may submit the complaint to a court of law.
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Affected persons should be exempt from all administrative and legal fees incurred pursuant to
the grievance redress procedures. All complaints received in writing (or received verbally)
should be documented.
10.3. Scheduling and Timing
There will be a number of crucial and important activities to be performed to make the physical
relocation of the people under this project possible. There will be a number of activities that will
be undertaken either through the direct involvement of the Woreda administration offices and
compensation (or property valuation) committees.
The tentative time schedule within which the compensation payment will take place is proposed
to be 6 -12 weeks. All the compensation payments, relocation of PAPS could be completed
ahead of the civil works if it is implemented as per the plan shown in the RAP. The re-
establishment/re-housing during the transition period is minimized and believed to be adequate if
proper support is provided.
The proposed time schedule is presented in the table below. From the point of view of giving
high priority to the project, the officials have confirmed that implementation of the RAP will be
effectively and efficiently undertaken within reasonable time specified by the client. The re-
establishment/re-housing transition period is minimized and believed to be adequate (4 to 6
months) if proper support is provided during the transition period.
Table 10: Proposed Implementation Schedule of RAP on Quarterly Basis.
Tasks MonthsAug.
Sep.
Oct. Nov.
Dec. Jan. Feb
Establish project level resettlement implementation unit, and valuation as well as grievance redress committees
Final Inventory of PAP and affected assets
Notification on the property rights and agreement b/n PAPS and affected assets.
Notification on the property rights and agreement b/n PAPS and the compensation committee
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Sub-City finalize budget for compensation and agreed on mechanism of payment
Compensation payment Construction of new residential houses N.B: The cut of date for census survey of assets was end of October, 2013
10.4. Monitoring and Evaluation
Monitoring involves periodic checking to ascertain whether activities are going according to the
plan. Monitoring will cover physical and financial components. It provides the feedback
necessary for project management to keep the programs on schedule. By contrast, evaluation is
essentially a summing up, the end of the project assessment of whether those activities
actually achieved the intended aims.
RAP implementation should be closely monitored to provide the project executing agency with
an effective basis for assessing resettlement progress and identifying potential difficulties
and problem areas. Monitoring should be carried out by the responsible local authorities as per
the legal requirements. During RAP implementation, the monitoring and evaluation system
should perform the following key tasks:
Administrative monitoring to ensure that implementation is on schedule and
that problems are dealt with on a timely basis;
Socio-economic monitoring, during and after the relocation process that the PAPs
socio-economic survey undertaken during project preparation to ensure that people
are settled and recovering; and
Impact evaluation to determine that recovery has indeed taken place and, in time,
succeeded.
The indicators for achievement of the objectives under the resettlement and rehabilitation
program are of three kinds:
a) Process indicators, indicating project inputs, expenditures, staff deployment, etc.
b) Output indicators, indicating results in terms of numbers of affected people
compensated and resettled, training held, credit disbursed, etc.
c) Impact indicators, related to the longer term effect of the project on people’s lives
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Therefore, the project executing agencies are advised to evaluate the implementation of the
resettlement plan for the fulfillment of all legal requirements and individual and collective
rights of the citizens. The RAP monitoring plan could also be organized in to the different
phases of the RAP, these are:
I. Performance monitoring
II. Impact Monitoring
III. Completion Audit
I. Performance Monitoring—Performance monitoring is an internal management function
allowing the organizations responsible for resettlement to measure physical progress against
milestones established in the RAP. The following standard performance milestones should
be used as a checklist for performance monitoring:
Public meetings held;
Census, assets inventories, assessments, and socioeconomic studies completed;
Grievance redress procedures in place and functioning;
Compensation payments disbursed;
Income restoration and development activities initiated;
Monitoring and evaluation reports submitted
II. Impact Monitoring—Impact monitoring gauges the effectiveness of the RAP and its
implementation in meeting the needs of the affected population. The purpose of impact
monitoring is to provide the project executing Agency (The City Administration and the
World Bank) with an assessment of the effects of resettlement, to verify internal
performance monitoring, and to identify adjustments in the implementation of the RAP as
required.
III. Completion Audit - The key objective of this external evaluation, or completion a ud i t , is
to determine whether t h e project executing agencies efforts to restore the living
standards of the affected population have been properly conceived and executed. The
audit will and should verify that all physical inputs committed i n the RAP have been
delivered and all services provided. In addition, the audit will evaluate whether the
mitigation actions prescribed in the RAP have had the desired effect. The completion
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audit will be undertaken after all RAP inputs—including development initiatives have
been completed, t he timing of the audit thus enables the sponsor to undertake corrective
action, if any, as recommended by the auditors before the project is complete. The
completion audit will help to measure the Addis-Ababa City Administration effort for
resettlement, compensation, livelihood restoration, and development support.
10.5. Public Disclosure of RAP
Public disclosure of the RAP has to be made to PAPs and other stakeholders for review and
comments on entitlement measures and other issues in the implementation of the RAP. The
purpose of the disclosure is to receive comments and suggestions from PAPs and to incorporate
the appropriate suggestions.
MOI will publicly disclose this RAP, in English and in local languages (Amharic and Oromiffa)
and make copies available and distribute with a letter accompanied to Bole-sub-city and Woreda
11 authorities. This could be done by: a) publishing it on MOI'S website (in English and in local
languages); b) publishing it in local newspapers; c) announcing it on local radio stations and d)
depositing/posting it in a range of publicly accessible places such as, Sub-city, Woreda offices
and Kebele offices.
Once this RAP is disclosed, the public have to be notified both through administrative structures
and informal structures about the availability of the RAP documents and also be requested to
make their suggestions and comments. Once disclosed in Ethiopia, the FDRE will authorize the
WB to disclose at the Info-shop in Washington DC.
10.6. Budget for Implementation
The total budget estimate is Birr 18,711,000 Birr including 10% contingency. Out of the total
estimated cost, 53.4% will be allocated for building structures, 32% for cereal 2.6% will be
allocated for trees and crops and 2.7% is for livelihood restoration, administrative and
monitoring costs.
The provision of compensation payment of PAPs is for the loss of income and lost assets, for
monitoring of the RAP implementation and administrative costs for the compensation
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committees established at woreda level and below. The budget should also include the livelihood
restoration activities, with special attention to the vulnerable groups.
A valuation method is developed for households to be affected by the Industrial Zone
Development project. The compensation for the forgone benefits from the affected farmlands
will be estimated on the basis of unit rates established in this RAP. The following table
summarizes the total amount of the fund (or compensation estimate) that is required for the
implementation of this RAP.
Table 11: Budget Cost Summary
11.
Conclusion and Recommendation
The implementation of the Bole-Lemi II Industrial Zone Development project will create better
economic development and improve export market opportunities for agricultural products and
consumer goods.
The local economy would also show growth with the development of small business, investment
projects; growth of urban centers, improved and efficient communication system, exposure to the
advancement of technology and science through improved means of production. In general,
employment opportunities will be created in the project area with the growth of the economy and
improvement in the social services.
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No Item Cost in Birr 1 Compensation for permanent land loss 6,000,0002 Compensation for loss of agricultural resources, eg,
eucalyptus trees 500,000
3 Compensation for residential houses 10,000,000 Sub total 16,500,000 Additional Mitigations 1 Monitoring and evaluation 200.0002 Livelihood Restoration Measures 250,0002 Grievance Redress Mechanism 50,0002 Valuation committee per diem 10,000 Sub total 510,000 Total 17,010,00 Contingency 10%, such as inflation 1,701,000 Grand Total 18,711,000
The population residing in the project area and in particular those along the Bole-Lemi II IZD
project would like the construction of the project to start immediately. The public consultations
held with different groups of the local community, and government officials as well as
professional experts working in the project, indicate that the local population, PAPs and other
stakeholders have expressed positive support for the project.
On the down side, the implementation of IZD project would create some negative impacts on the
local population. The negative impacts are mainly related to displaced people and losing of farm
land, houses and properties, the spread of communicable diseases, the spread of HIVIAIDS,
traffic accidents and injuries. The negative impacts could be managed if proper mitigation
measures are carried out. Construction is inherently a relatively dangerous industry, and
accidents invariably occur.
The implementation of the IZD project could be successfully implemented if it properly
addresses both the positive and negative social impacts that would be created during the
implementation of the project. MOI in the preparation of its tender document for the construction
of the IZ project needs to ensure that clauses both for the environmental and social issues are
included as suggested in this study and from other relevant documents.
The contractor should also be obliged to implement environmental and social clauses included in
the contract document. The monitoring of the project implementation has to be done on a regular
basis by Industrial Zone Development and Environmental Safeguard Directorate (IZDESD).
Other stakeholders, such as FEPA, AAEPA local authorities and the public also need to be
invited and consulted by MOI from time to time and give their opinion and suggestion regarding
the implementation of the project. The contractor also has to work in close cooperation with local
authorities and strictly adhere to local regulations and avoid conflict and misunderstanding with
local population and government.
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In general, there are no socio economic conditions or grounds that will affect the project from
not proceeding to its implementation provided that recommended reinforcement and mitigation
measures are strictly adhered by all concerned bodies.
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References
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Ethiopia, 1995.4. FDRE, National Policy on Women, March1993.5. Ministry of Health, Health and Health Related Indicators, 2005/06.6. Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, Plan for Accelerated Sustainable
Development to End Poverty, December 2005.7. Ministry Of Women's Affairs, National Plan of Action for Gender Equality, 2006.8. FDRE, Federal Negarit Gazeta, ERA re-establishment proclamation, 1997.9. Transitional Government of Ethiopia, Education and Training Policy, Addis Ababa, April
1994.10. FDRE, the Environmental Policy of Ethiopia.11. FDRE, Federal Negarit Gazeta, Proclamation for the Establishment of Environmental
Protection Organs (Proclamation No. 29512002).12. FDRE, Federal Negarit Gazeta, Proclamation No. 45512005, A proclamation to provide
for the expropriation of land holdings holding for public purposes and payment of compensation.
13. FDRE, Federal Negarit Gazeta, Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Land Use (Proclamation No. 45612005).
14. FDRE, Federal Negarit Gazeta, Council of Ministers Regulation No. 13512007, Payment of compensation for property situated on landholding expropriated for public purposes
15. FDRE, Environmental Protection Authority, EIA Guideline Document, 2000.16. FDRE, Environmental Protection Authority, the Procedural EIA Guideline of EPA
(2003).17. World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement.
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