worth: 100 200 300 400 500 peasants aristocracy agricultural revolution industrial revolution...
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Peasants
Aristocracy
AgriculturalRevolution
IndustrialRevolution
Vocabulary And Big ideas
European Society in the Old Regime
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What were Sumptuary Laws?
These were the restrictive laws that Europeans used that established societal guidelines for dress and fashion.
100 200 300 400 500SUBJECT: Aristocracy
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WORTH:
What was Knights of the Robe or nobility who had acquired their titles through serving in
the bureaucracy or purchasing their titles and Knights of the Sword or those Knights who had served in the military?
This was the division in the French nobility and what each one of the titles meant.
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SUBJECT: Aristocracy
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Who were the hobereaux?
This was the name of the poor provincial French nobles who were not given high court offices and revenues and at times were no better off than then well to do peasants.
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SUBJECT: Aristocracy
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What was the Charter of the Nobility issued 1785?
This was the royal decree issued by Catherine II ( the Great) that gave Russian nobles ( boyars) power over their serfs, freedom from taxes, and voluntary service to the state in exchange for their loyalty to her as the Tsarina.
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SUBJECT: Aristocracy
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What was agriculture or based on the land and idleness, no
manual labor ( lives of leisure) ?
This was the source of income for most of Europe’s nobility and the profession of many of the nobles especially in a more absolutist country.
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SUBJECT: Aristocracy
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What were banalities?
These were the feudal dues that most French peasants were subject to and bound to pay such as the use of the lord’s oven to bake bread.
100 200 300 400 500 SUBJECT: Peasants
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What was the robot? ( Corvee in France )
This was the term given to eastern European peasants requirement of obedient labor service to the lord of the manor and hence the name. ( The Jewish legend of the Golem comes from such an automaton )
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SUBJECT: Peasants
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Who was Emelyan Pugachev? ( executed in
Moscow in 1774) He was the Russian peasant
who led a rebellion in Russia in 1773 in response to the Charter of Nobility and promising Russian serfs land and freedom.
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SUBJECT: Peasants
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What was the barshchina?
This was the requirement of Russian peasant serfs to work six days a week for the lord of the manor and one of the many reasons Russian serfs had the worst fate in Europe.
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SUBJECT: Peasants
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What was hunting rights and poaching if not legal by
peasants?
This was the entitlement that many nobles used and many peasants were punished for, if caught, for supplementing their diets with meat.
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SUBJECT: Peasants
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What was the Netherlands or the Low Countries?
This was the country where the new Agricultural Revolution began with the use of clovers and turnips to increase animal fodder and replenish nutrients and windmills and dikes to drain and maintain farmland from floods.
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SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution
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Who was Jethro Tull? ( not the band)
He was the English scientist and agricultural pioneer who applied the ideas of the Enlightenment to agriculture developing a new design for the plow and a horse drawn hoe for weed removal as well as developing the seed drill.
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SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution
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Who was Charles (Turnip) Townsend?
He was the former exchequer to the King of England who served with Robert Walpole in the government of George II and retired to raise and discuss nothing but turnips and crop rotation according the Alexander Pope.
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SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution
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Who was Robert Bakewell? The Sheep in Colonial Williamsburg are English Leicester developed
by Bakewell.He was the Englishman who first bred
cattle for their use as food and improved the size of beef cattle so that they doubled in weight in using his selective breeding techniques and developed stronger draft horses and larger, prettier, sheep. ( baaaaadd)
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SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution
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What was the Annals of Agriculture ?
This was the publication on agriculture published by Arthur Young that included essays on farming techniques, breeding, and crop advice with submission by King George III writing under the name of Ralph Robinson.
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SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution
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Who was Josiah Wedgwood?
(His grandson was Charles Darwin)
He was the innovative potter who developed a line of porcelain for the royal family and aristocracy and then developed cheaper copies for the general public.
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SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution
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What was the textile industry?At first the domestic or putting out system but as machines for
weaving and spinning grew larger, the factory was created.
This was the industry that started the industrial revolution in Great Britain.
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SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution
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What was James Hargreave’s Spinning Jenny?
This was the invention which allowed the spinners the speed they needed to keep up with weavers after the invention of the flying shuttle by John Kay ( the book says James ).
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SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution
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What was Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame
using water power from swift moving streams?
This was the invention that was too large for the home and thus began the factory system and the birth of a new type of labor.
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SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution
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What was the steam powered loom invented by Edmund
Cartwright?This was the inventor and
invention that allowed factories to move their weaving process away from streams.
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SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution
WORTH:
Who was Priscilla Wakefield?
She was the female children’s writer and feminist, who traveled throughout Europe and advocated education for women to compete in the shrinking job market for women in the 18th century.
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SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas
WORTH:
What were the Gordon Riotsincited by Lord George
Gordon?This was the mob action that broke out in England when a rumored Catholic plot was planned to take over the country.
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SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas
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What were the ghettos?
These were areas of the cities of Europe designated for Jews to live apart from the general population.
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SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas
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Who was Samuel Oppenheimer?
He was the most famous of the so called “Court Jews” who helped the Hapsburgs finance their wars against the Ottoman Empire and their defense of Vienna.
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SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas
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What was the enclosure movement?
This was the name given to the combination of numerous common lands to be used to make a larger more productive farm.
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SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas