wp 10 legal aspects. d 10.1 overview of relevant fisheries legislation and implementation (10) d10.2...
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WP 10
Legal Aspects
D 10.1 Overview of relevant fisheries legislation and implementation (10)
D10.2 Fisheries legislation and implementation in Brasil and (probably) Peru (13)
D10.3 Fisheries legislation and implementation in Namibia (13)
D10.4 Fisheries legislation and implementation in Indonesia (13)
D10.5 Fisheries legislation and implementation in the EU; synthesis of D 10.2,3,4 (19)
D10.6 International and national law on “Nourth/South” access to resources and benefit sharing (31)
D 10.7 Overall synthesis; recommendations (32)
Issues cross cutting the individual studies
2 Strategies of the Law
• Allocation of property rights in resources (sovereign rights, dominium)
• Regulation of exploitation (jurisdiction, imperium)
• Regimes differing in the coastal zone, EEZ, continental shelf, and high seas
Sustainability in the Global Dimension
Consumers,fishermen, food industry
of the South
Environment protection:preservation
of fish resources
Consumers,fishing & food industry
of the North
Tension Exploitation/Management
Management
Exploitation
The 4 P´sPull: >high demandPush: >local and industrial fisheriesPromotion (by law): >structural policy >sales and price guarantee
Protection (by law): >protected zones >catch quota >fishing rules
Shift of Exploitation Pressure Towards the South
EU Com m on F ishery PolicyPromotion of fisheries
• structural policies• market organisation
Fisheries Management
Dem and of thefood industry of the North
Third country developm ent interests
Pressure on third country resources
Sources of Law Related to Fisheries
International Law
BindingUNCLOS 1982
1995 Straddling Stockse.g. North East Atlantic Fisheries Convention
Regional Law (e.g. EC)
EC pooling national sovereignty
Member of international treaties
Law of National States
National fisheries laws
Members of international treaties
Non-Binding
FAO Code of ConductAgenda 21
Legal approaches to sustainable fisheries
•Matching pressure on and protection of fish resources within national systems
•Matching North/South interests with a view to sustainability of fishing
Matching pressure and protection
-Data base on ratifications and legislation-Country studies Brasil, Peru, Namibia, Indonesia, EU-Comparison and synthesis and recommendations
Matching North/South interests
-Study on international agreements, private law contracts, national foreign trade and investment legislation
- Evaluation and recommendations
Details on deliberables
D.10.1Data base on ratifications and legislation
> draw on existing data bases (fishbase, IUCN, FAO, Ocean Law, etc.)> Develop legal indicators> Apply indicators to selected countries
D. 10.2,3,4,5: Country studies
> Common list of topics
> Geographical, political, legal particularities
Common list of topics
• Overview of the environmental & socio-economic conditions
• Report on the legal regimes governing fisheries- International co-operations and agreements- Promotion - Management
• Empirical information on implementation & compliance
• Conclusions & Recommendations
EU common fisheries policy
To be studied as an example for – how to reduce promotional policies in order to facilitate management– how to improve management tools– TAC– MPA– Enforcement
Brasil
In depth case study on MPA based on a bottom up approach
Namibia
Indepth case study on promotional strategies (structural policy)
Access to Resources and Benefit Sharing Between the EU and Third
Countries
1. Shift of fishing pressure to “the South”• EU fisheries agreements• Effects of fisheries agreements• Coherence with other EU policies and
international agreements
2. Fish trade flowing from less-developed countries to the EU
Draft Outline for National Reports (EC, Brasil, Argentina, Namibia, Indonesia)
• I. Environmental and socio-economic background
• 1. State of the relevant fisheries resources,
• 2. Overview of multiple demands on the coastal zone and the socio-economic relevance of the fisheries
• 3. Perception/non-perception of basic fisheries issues (e.g. political debate and public awareness with respect to the state of the fishing industry,overfishing, exploitation of adjacent seas by foreign fleets, implementation and coherence of fisheries policies etc.).
• [A description of the characteristics of some main fisheries regions, as well as a general report on pertinent international, regional and also some exemplary national legal instruments will be elaborated by the Bremen team under D 10.1, in connection with a review of relevant literature.]
II. The legal regimes governing fisheries
1. Global and regional international legal instruments affecting the country concerned (the EU, respectively), including participation in Regional Fisheries Bodies,
2. Guiding principles in the relevant national fisheries regime,
3. Institutional/organisational structures (e.g. distribution of competences, participation, decentralisation, transparency, top-down/bottom-up approach),
4. Instruments promoting fisheries
a) structural policies (e.g. subsidies, funding new and the modernisation of vessels, adaptation of the fleet to the resources available for fishing, inter
alia through the scrapping of vessels, aids for local cooperatives, funding of fisheries in less developed regions, downstream (indirect) promotion, such
as subsidies for building ports or promotion of processing and marketing sectors),
b) market organisation (e.g. price guarantees and stabilization of prices), an
c) coherence with pertinent international agreements
5. Instruments managing fisheries
a) access and catch restrictions, technical measures under national law (e.g. licensing systems, rights-based management systems, restrictions on numbers, sizes etc. of vessels, TACs and TAQs, taxation, fishing gear, protected areas, stakeholder involvement, aspects of integration of multiple demands on coastal zones)
b) Impact of and coherence with pertinent international agreements and organisations
6. The national management system as applied in relation to the unsustainable impact of the “North”
a) Fishing by EC/North American/Japanese fleets
b) Purchase of fish by EC/North American/Japanese food companies
III. Empirical information on implementation and compliance
1. information on promotion (e.g. who actually receives how much money?, how do subsidies affect the fishing industry, trade, local communities, TACs, fish stocks and the environment?, fleet statistics etc.),
2. information on management (e.g. monitoring and surveillance of catches, landings, gear, IUU fishing)
3. analysis of the divergence between ‘law in the books & law in action’.
IV.Conclusions
1. Coherence of the national legal regime governing fisheries (e.g. with respect to promotion versus management policies)
2. Conclusions on basic fisheries problems as identified under I. 3
3. Impact of attitudes of consumers and food industry (e.g. labelling, industrial quality standards, possible chances of consumer awareness)
4. Reform perspectives