wp4 medical entomology - december, 2017 review · aedes vittatus the larva is recognisable by the...

Training follow-up & evaluation External Quality Assessment and MosPictoQuizz

WP4 Medical entomology - December, 2017

REVIEW Novembre 2017

Training needs assessement

• Questionnaire

• Tailored trainings

Training courses

• Capacity building in mosquito vector of arboviruses

• In Serbia, Turkey, Tunisia

• For the 19 participating countries

Training follow-up & evaluation

• EQA (External Quality Assessment)

• MosPictoQuizz

Reminder of the capacity

building activities

2015 2016 2018 2017 2014

EQA (External Quality Assessement)

on mosquito identification

To evaluate the laboratory capacity

to correctly identify vectors

Focuses on the mosquitoes

(adult and larva)

For all the medical entomology laboratories

of the MediLabSecure network.

Bosnia &Herz. / Lab. Diagnostic Veterinary Institute of the Rep. of Srpska

Montenegro / Lab for applied zoology Biotechnical faculty

Albania / Entomology lab Institute of Public Health

Serbia / Lab for med and vet entomology Fac of Agriculture, Univ. Novi Sad

Kosovo / Institute of Vet. medecine Fac of Univ. of Prishtina, Fac of Agri and Vet.

FYROM / Lab for virology and molecular diag Institue of Public Health

Ukraine / Lab of Especially Dangerous Infections Epizootology State Body "Ukrainian I.I. Mechnikov Research Anti-Plague Institute of Ministry of Health of Ukraine"

Turkey / HU-ESRL-VERG (Vector ecology research group) Hacettepe Univ.

Georgia / The R. Lugar Center for Public Health Research National Center for Disease Control and Public Health

Armenia/ Reference lab center National Center for Disease Control

Lebanon / Lab of immunology National Center for Disease Control and Public Health

Jordan / Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Department Ministry of Health

Palestine / Vector Control Unit Ministry of Health

Moldova / Lab of systematics and molecular phylogeny Institute of zoology

Libya / Lab of parasitology and vector born diseases National Center for Disease Control

Morocco / Lab. des Maladies Vectorielles Institut Pasteur

Medical entomology lab Institut National d'Hygiène

Algeria / Eco-epidémiologie parasitaire et génétique des populations Institut Pasteur

Tunisia/ Medical entomology lab Institut Pasteur

19 laboratories from the medical entomology network (WP4)

Participant laboratories

Materials and methods

All available resources were accepted

to support identification

(dichotomical keys,

interactive key for mosquito species,

molecular methods…).

A mosquito box composed of:

- 7 or 8 mounted adult mosquitoes

- 4 mosquito larvae in alcohol

All the specimens were fresh,

collected the previous few months.

Constraints

Despite the precautions regarding the provided materials, some specimens could have

been damaged during the transportation. This option has been considered and it has

been admitted that the challenging determination of poor preserved specimen relies

within the area of the medical entomology expertise. Participants have been invited to

take this challenge and to manage this possibility the best they could.

9/143 specimens were considered as damaged by the

participating labs.

Damaged specimens were not taken into account in the results.

Methods and resources

used by participants

100 % morphological identification

All labs performed the exercise by

morphological identification, using interactive identification key and dichotomical key.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

MosKeyTool only Dicho key + MosKeyTool

Dicho key only Dicho key + Books (Becker,

Harbach)

Dichoto key + MosKeyTool + Books (Becker,

Harbach)

Resources used for identification

Results

77%

87%

80%

66% 62%

65%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Adults Larvae All (adults+larvae)

Genus

Species

General results of the mosquito identification from the participant laboratories (rate of correct answers)

% r

igh

t a

ns

we

rs

Results per lab (adults + larvae)

Total rate of correct answers for all labs: Genus identification: 80%

Species identification: 65%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Lab1 Lab2 Lab3 Lab7 Lab4 Lab5 Lab6 Lab8 Lab9 Lab10 Lab11 Lab12 Lab13 Lab14 Lab15 Lab16 Lab17 Lab18 Lab19

Genus 100% 100% 100% 100% 92% 92% 92% 100% 83% 92% 75% 83% 73% 82% 64% 67% 45% 44% 42%

Species 100% 100% 100% 92% 92% 92% 92% 83% 75% 64% 63% 58% 50% 45% 45% 33% 18% 11% 8%

% r

igh

t an

swe

rs

General results of the mosquito identification (adults + larvae) from the participant laboratories

Results per lab (adults)



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Genus 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 88% 88% 75% 88% 86% 50% 75% 57% 71% 43% 43% 40% 38%

Species 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 88% 88% 75% 63% 57% 50% 50% 43% 43% 43% 29% 20% 0%

% r

igh

t an

swe

rs

General results of the mosquito identification (adults) from the participant laboratories

Results per lab (larvae)



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Genus 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 75% 100% 100% 100% 75% 50% 50% 50% 50%

Species 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 25% 0% 0%

% r

igh

t an

swe

rs

General results of the mosquito identification (larvae) from the participant laboratories

List of species to identify

Adult species Larva species

Species (adult) Nb specimens to identify

Aedes albopictus 19

Aedes vittatus 19

Culiseta longiareolata 17

Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis 19

Aedes vexans 15

Culex pipiens 18

Culex hortensis 11

Anopheles maculipennis s.l. 6

≠ Culicidae 4

Aedes caspius 3

Culiseta annulata 2

Anopheles claviger s.l. 1

Total 134

Species Nb specimens to identify

Aedes vittatus 19

Aedes detritus 19

Culiseta longiareolata 19

Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis 19

Total 76

Nb of adult specimens to identify per lab: 7 or 8 Nb of larva specimens to identify per lab: 4

List of adult species to identify for the EQA List of larva species to identify for the EQA

Results per species (adults)



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Aedes albopictus Culiseta longiareolata

Aedes vittatus Aedes vexans Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis

Culex pipiens Culex hortensis

100%

74% 71%

74% 73%

67%

82%

95%

71% 68% 67%

63%

56%

45%

% r

igh

t an

swe

rs

General results per species of the adult mosquito identification from the participant laboratories

Genus

Species

Results per species (larvae)



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis Culiseta longiareolata Aedes detritus Aedes vittatus

84% 84%

95%

84% 84%

74%

47%

37%

% r

igh

t an

swe

rs

General results per species of the larva mosquito identification from the participant laboratories

Genus

Species

Results

68%

57%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Species present in the country Species absent in the country

% of species right answers

Are the EQA results linked to the presence/absence in the country ?

EQA feedback

Very easy 12%

Easy 59%

Difficult 23%

Very difficult 6%

For your lab, this testing has been...

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Very easy Easy Difficult Very difficult

% r

igh

t an

swe

rs

Success rate EQA vs estimated difficulty level

Lab1

Lab2

Lab3

Lab4

Lab5

Lab6

Lab7

Lab9

Lab10

Lab11

Lab12

Lab13

Lab14

*5 non-respondent labs

EQA feedback

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 2 3 or more Don't know

Number of person per lab who performed the EQA

EQA comments…

… about the damaged materiels

Some samples were broken/damaged

Some insects have been damaged, which could lead

to errors in identification

… about the difficulty to identify adult or larva

For our lab in general it will be difficult

We had a bit difficulties during the larvae identification!

… about the EQA benefits

Thank so much for this opportunity to evaluate

our ability to identify mosquito

This is a good exercise for our laboratory. We found difficulties

in identifying adults.

Thank you

Overview of the species to identify

Aedes albopictus

An invasive species

Mainly black

with white stripes

on legs and dorsal

abdomen.

silvery median

white line on the

scutum

Aedes vittatus

Scutum with 6 pale spots, tibiae with median pale ring

are diagnostic characters.

Aedes vittatus

The larva is recognisable by the implantation of the seta 1-S

between the last and the penultimate tooth of the siphon comb.

7/17 labs confused this species with other Aedes sp.: Aedes aegypti (3),

Aedes vexans (2), Aedes albopictus (1), Aedes cinereus or rossicus (1)

Aedes vexans

Tarsi with pale basal rings and tergum with bilobed basal bands.

Culiseta longiareolata

Easy to identify due to the presence of longitudinal lines on

the scutum and rows of pale patches on the femur.

3/17 labs confused this species with Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis

Culex pipiens

It's impossible to differentiate Culex pipiens s.s. from Culex

quinquefasciatus. Difficult to differentiate from Culex

torrentium, male genitalia examination is necessary.

Confirmation with molecular techniques is recommended.

The apex of all

femora with narrow

spot of yellowish

scales.

Tarsi are uniformly

dark brown.

Culex hortensis

This species has numerous white scales on the thoracic

pleurae. And apical pale bands that extends forward in a

median triangle on the abdomen.

Aedes detritus

Impossible to differentiate from Ae. coluzzi with only

morphological criteria. Isoenzymes are diagnostic and a

multiplex PCR will be useful for identification. Differentiable

also by bioecological specificities.

7/17 labs confused this species with other Aedes sp.: Aedes vexans (3),

Aedes vittatus (2), Aedes caspius (1), Aedes rossicus (1)

Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis

Distinctive pattern on the scutum and white scale patch on

the basal part of the wing allows to identify this species very

easily.

5/19 labs confused this species with Aedes aegypti

Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis

Abdominal plates on segments VI, VII, and VIII are diagnostic

for the genus Orthopodomyia.

MosPictoQuizz

To maintain the mosquitoes species determination

among the routine activities

A bimonthly online picture activity

to identify adult mosquitoes

Materials and methods

The results are analyzed and reported to

participants the following month,

accompanied by a mosquito factsheet

focusing on the characteristics of the given

species, its geographical distribution, the

species not to be confused with, etc.

A online picture quiz open to all, started in

January 2017.

Every 2 months, a set of pictures of an

unidentified mosquito are proposed for

identification.

Mosquito factsheet

MosPictoQuizz#1 results

Aedes albopictus 98% gave the right answers

for the genus identification

46 participants 19 countries

Aedes albopictus is currently the most invasive

mosquito in the world.

The contrast between dark and silver scales, and the

median line on the scutum are indicative. Note

the scutellum in three parts, covered of silvery scales.

91% gave the right answers

for the species identification


Anopheles sacharovi 97% gave the right answers



Anopheles sacharovi is an important malaria vector of

the Maculipennis complex. The wing pattern of

Anopheles maculipennis s.l. -absence of a patch of

clear scales on the wing fringe- is here typical.


for the species complex

identification


Culiseta annulata 90% gave the right answers



Culiseta annulata is a widespread and common

mosquito in Western Europe and parts of the Middle

East.

Diagnostic characters were: well marked clear band

on the abdominal terga, spots of dark scales on the

wings, etc.




Aedes aegypti 100% gave the right answers



Aedes aegypti is an invasive mosquito recently re-

established in Madeira and around the Black Sea.

Diagnostic characters are mainly on the scutum with

the famous "lyre-shaped" with the two fine central

longitudinal bands (the strings of the lyre!).




Culex pipiens 100% gave the right answers



Culex pipiens s.s., as well as its tropical vicarient

Culex quinquefasciatus, are members of the Culex

pipiens complex.

Morphology of females does not permit to distinguish

the two species.




Anopheles claviger 100% gave the right answers



Anopheles claviger s.s., as well as its sibling species

Anopheles petragnani, are members of the Claviger

Complex. An. claviger s.s. occurs across most of

Europe, up to the Middle East and North Africa,

whereas An. petragnani is so far restricted to the

western Mediterranean region.



MosPictoQuizz participation

46

33

29

26

20

35

19

14

17

15

13 13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6

Nb of participant / Nb of country /

MosPictoQuizz feedback

MosPictoQuizz#1

MosPictoQuizz#3

Summary of results

~50%

of the labs (9/19) were able to identify

more than 75% of the specimens,

which means between 0 and 3 mistakes.

19 participant labs to the EQA

12 different species

210 specimens to identify

#6 MosPictoQuizz

Good results (87%)

on genus identification of larvae.

All the entomological labs are able to identify

invasive species (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti).

Recommendations

Mosquito identification is an important step in entomological

surveillance.

A regular practice, on top of routine activities, is highly

recommended.

Even though we usually feel more comfortable with larva

and/or adult identification, do not neglect any of those two.

Practice equally larva and adult identification.

The profession of medical entomologist have changed

considerably these last decades.

Fieldwork remains fundamental as the transmission of

infectious agents is above all a question of ecology.

This MediLabSecure activities has been organized

by the French National Research Institute For Sustainable Development (IRD).

This medical and veterinary entomology group is coordinated by Dr. Vincent Robert

and Marie Picard at MIVEGEC unit, IRD.

The MediLabSecure project is supported

by the European Commission (DEVCO: IFS/201010/23/_194)

wp4 medical entomology - december, 2017 review · aedes vittatus the larva is recognisable by the...

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