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Technical Description of GIORGIO ARMANI EYEGLASSES

Mohsan Khan

City College

Writing for Engineers

Outline

1 Introduction

-History

-Figure 1

2 Description

-Figure 2

-Front Section

-Side parts

-Additional parts

-Figure 3

3 Price

-Materials

-Cost

4 Function

-Lens Type

5 Conclusion

Glasses are needed for people to correct their vision. Around 60% of people wear glasses or use contacts. They are small but cover a fourth of your face. Glasses contain lenses that focus your vision because of the way the lens is shaped or how thick the lens is. Glasses were invented between 1268 and 1289 in Italy (Museum of Vision). Its inventor is unknown but they were many changes made along the way. The introduction of the printing press caused a necessary innovation due to the growing rate of literacy and the availability of books, encouraged new designs and the eventual mass production of inexpensive eyeglasses (Museum of Vision). In the 1700s Benjamin Franklin invented bifocal lenses, while George Washington wore scissor spectacles (Museum of Vision). The main innovation in the 1700s was the invention of side or temple pieces which are the pieces that rest on your ear (Lister). By the end of the 1800s glasses were relatively cheap to make and were sold at jewelers and general stores.

Figure 1: In the 1800s people regarded glasses with old age, so people started wearing them on less often. Instead women would use lorgnettes, which are glasses attached to a long handle on the side.

Women wouldn’t wear glasses all the time and they would only use it when necessary. They became very popular in that era.

Source: http://www.kybersetzung.net/2016_08_01_archive.html

During the 1900s in America, the pince-nez style became popular and political figures

wore it including U.S president Teddy Roosevelt (Museum of Vision). In 1913 that Sir William Crookes of England created a lens capable of absorbing both ultraviolet and infrared light (Museum of Vision). In the 1930s sunglasses were popular and they were further advanced in order to meet the needs of military pilots in World War II (Museum of Vision). They then became popular and fashionable and we call them aviator glasses. Nowadays it is part of one’s wardrobe to include glasses or at least sunglasses.

Figure 2: There are 11 parts in reading glasses which has front and side parts

Source: https://www.readers.com/blog/glasses/eyeglass-frame-diagram/

Front section is the main part that you see/use. It contains all the necessary parts in all glasses.

1. Eye Wires or Rims– This is the front metal frame which holds the lens. The material for the frame could also be plastic, wood or even gold.

2. End Pieces – They are the side extensions of the rim which connect to the temple. These corner pieces are slim to prevent the face from looking wide.

3. Bridge – This is the bar in between the two lens and it is lies on top your nose so it is designed to hold most of the weight.

4. Hinges – It is the part of the end pieces that allow the temples to fold. Most glasses contain this so it is easier to carry the glasses. Some people leave the glasses hanging on their shirts

5. Lenses – They can be transparent or tinted depending if they are reading glasses versus sunglasses. The optical characteristics are designed specifically for each person. It can be prescription glasses or just casual use. The lenses can also be scratch resistant, anti-reflective, polarized, or mirrored.

6. Nose Pads – They are underneath the bridge and lie on your nose. They maintain the frame in a correct position.

7. Pad Arms – They hold the nose pads allow for adjustment on your nose.

Side parts are there to hold the front part on your ears. They are just the support to the functional front section.

8. Temples – The side pieces of the glasses that rest on top of your ear.

9. Temple Tips – They cover the end of the temple and are placed behind your ear. The cover is there for comfort and is placed especially on metal frames.

Additional Pieces may or may not be part of every pair of glasses. Different designers like to design glasses differently.

10. Screws – Screws can be in either the hinges or the nose pads. They allow for movement of the glasses.

11. Top Bar – An additional bar not on all glasses that provide extra support to the bridge.

Figure 3: Giorgio Armani is an Italian brand which makes stylish glasses. Colored frames add to the design and the shape of the frame can be decided based on face shape.

Source: http://www.lenscrafters.com/lc-us/giorgio-armani/8053672567236

Prices range from $150 for standard, metal frames to more than $500 for designer frames. Insurance can help pay for prescription glasses depending on the health plan. Glasses are made with glass, plastic, polycarbonate or polymer blanks. Ira Mitchell, a Minnesota software engineer, says "A consumer-level frame costs significantly less than $10 to manufacture. The rest is operations, licensing and profit. Think about that the next time you pick up an average $150 frame. These aren't markedly different or superior to the $30 glasses available from reputable online dealers — and those include lenses, probably the same ones you were just about to pay $200 for in the store." Luxottica, the world’s largest eyewear firm, owns many popular eyewear brands and they are the reason the prices are so high. The eyewear industry has a monopoly because there is little to no competition.

Two different types of glass lens are used: single-vision lens and multi-focal lens. Single vision lens are used all-around to correct distance vision. Multifocal lens corrects both distance vision and near vision. The upper portion is focused for distance vision, while the bottom portion is used for up close activities such as reading (American Academy of Ophthalmology).

Glasses have been in use since the 13th century but they have been increasing popularity since the 1700s. Many variations of glasses were invented but the current version are both for functional and aesthetic purposes. More people rely on glasses now than ever because of increased literacy rates. People wear sunglasses even in the winter, because it might be part of their style or they just really don’t like the sum. Most glasses contain 10 or 11 parts. They all hold each other and in general are very lightweight. The front and side parts are used in all glasses nowadays and the additional parts can be added based on designer. The lens is the most important part because they are the actual parts that aid your vision. The frame is generally made of metal or plastic. Without knowing the small parts of glasses, most people consider glasses having 2 parts, the frame and the lenses. The parts like the bridge, nose pads, or temple aren’t what most people think about when they talk about glasses.

Works Cited

"Eyeglasses for Vision Correction." American Academy of Ophthalmology. American Academy of Ophthalmology, 12 Dec. 2015. Web. 15 Feb. 2017. 

Gaitzsch, Torsten. "Kybersetzung. Ein Blog." Kybersetzung. Ein Blog. N.p., 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 15 Feb. 2017. 

Lister, Josie, and Sheila O. Conell. "The Edward Scarlett Trade Card." The Edward Scarlett Trade Card. Antique Spectacles, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2017. 

"Museum of Vision." Museum of Vision Exhibits RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2017. 

"Museum of Vision." Museum of Vision. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2017. 

"Parts of Eyeglasses Diagram." Readers.com Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2017.