write true/false next to each statement
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Write True/False next to each statement. Alcohol has always been legal in the United States Women received the right to vote with the 15 th amendment, it was not difficult to obtain Slavery existed in the north and the south - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Write True/False next to each statement
1. Alcohol has always been legal in the United States
2. Women received the right to vote with the 15th amendment, it was not difficult to obtain
3. Slavery existed in the north and the south4. Public education has always been
available and “free” in the United States5. The criminally insane have always been
separated from the general criminal population
Religion continues to play an important role in Western Expansion. In the early 1700’s: The First Great Awakening occurred bringing the idea that God loves everyone
In the 1820’s-1830’s: The Second Great Awakening occurs, prompting the idea of social reform (ending slavery b/c it is anti-Christian)
Reform of Thinking
The Second Great Awakening
Large religious “revivals”Traveling preachers, huge gatherings
2nd Great Awakening• The Awakening lasted from the 1790s to the 1840s, and spanned the entire
United States. • The religious revitalization that the Awakening was a Protestant
phenomenon.• every person could be saved through revivals. It enrolled millions of new
members, and led to the formation of new denominations. • Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age
. • The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many
reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.
Abolition: “To abolish or destroy”
Abolitionist Movement
had as its goal the ending of slavery.
Famous Abolitionists"I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD."
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON WROTE AN ABOLITIONIST
NEWSPAPER, THE LIBERATOR, BELIEVED IN THE IMMEDIATE END TO SLAVERY
stressed nonviolence and passive resistance
1832 he helped organize the New England Anti-Slavery Society, and, the following year, the American Anti-Slavery Society.
• Many Abolitionists were attacked in both the North and South
Famous Abolitionists… Frederick Douglass
was born a slave. He educated himself and ran away from slavery
worked as an orator traveling to speak about the evils of slavery.
Owner of newspaper The North Star
Frederick Douglass
SOJOURNER TRUTH SLAVE UNTIL 1827
A STRONG SPEAKER message “SLAVES ARE NOT ANIMALS BUT HUMAN BEINGS.”
She also spoke out for women’s rights “Ain’t I a woman”
Sarah and Angelina Grimke Sarah and Angelina
Grimke Southern sisters
whose family owned a plantation
Upon parents death they set their slaves free and wrote a book declaring slavery “anti-Christian”
They moved North and began to speak out across the country against slavery.
Writes novel “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
Fictional account of slavery
Extremely influential- bestselling novel ever, changed into a play and translated into many different languages.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
“the Underground Railroad”
HARRIET TUBMAN “Moses”
How it works
SERIES OF ROUTES TO THE NORTH AND CANADA
PROVIDED FOOD AND SHELTER AT THE “STATIONS” ALONG THE WAY. Esp Quakers
Abolitionist Success after the Civil War (1865)
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
which abolished slavery
which conferred citizenship and provided for due process rights
which guaranteed the right to vote to adult males
(melody “3 blind mice”)All the slaves are free, after the civil war Citizens have equal protection, after the civil warMale citizens can go to the voting booth while women stay home to tend their broodFreeCitizensVote13,14,15
Suffrage Movement
Women’s Rights
People feared that allowing women the right to vote would lead to the downfall of the family!
Women’s Rights Movement• Women’s Rights
Movement• Many women who
were abolitionists (the Grimke sisters, Sojourner Truth) became leaders in the suffrage movement.
• Realized they needed more rights for women
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia C. Mott [SAM]
• early leaders of the women's rights movement
Stanton Mott Anthony
Seneca Falls Convention
• Seneca Falls, New York• Convention organized in 1848 to generate
support for women’s suffrage.• Issued the “Declaration of Sentiments” a
Declaration of Independence for women!
• Sponsorship for a women’s suffrage amendment to the U.S. Constitution in Congress began in 1878…..
• The amendment was reintroduced every year until Congress finally approved it in 1919.
• Making women the last group in the country to get their rights.
19th AmendmentPassed by Congress June 4, 1919.
Ratified August 18, 1920
• Women are given the right to vote June 4, 1919.
THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT AMELIA BLOOMER
BEGAN THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT.
HER GOAL WAS TO CURB (LESSON) THE USE OF ALCOHOL.
WHY FIGHT ALCOHOL?
MEN UNDER THE INFLUENCE TEND TO BE MORE VIOLENT AGAINST THEIR WIVES AND CHILDREN
THE 18TH AMENDMENT PROHIBITION made it
illegal to make, sell, or transport liquor in the United States!
Alcohol consumption went down 20%!
But enforcing this federal law proved to difficult and costly.
Mobsters like Al Capone became wealthy selling alcohol on the “black market.”
21st AMENDMENT 1933 REPEAL (to take away) of PROHIBITION! ****The only time in US history an amendment was repealed!****
Consumption of and sale of alcohol was legal again
The amendment was repealed in 1933.
Education Reform“A human being is not attaining his full heights until he is educated.”
~Horace Mann
HORACE MANNHORACE MANN
BELIEVED THE ONLY WAY THE LOWER CLASSES COULD BETTER THEIR LIVES IN OUR SOCIETY WAS THROUGH FREE PUBLIC EDUCATION!
FREE PUBLIC EDUCATION!!!HORACE MANN –
Known as the “Father of the Common School” because he…
The earliest attempts to professionalize teaching
first public schools in Massachusetts (Normal schools)
The improvement of the quality of education offered in rural schools.
Dorothea Dix
American reformer Dorothea Dix pushed for reform of prison inmates, the mentally ill, and the destitute.
Dix went to teach prisoners to read at a local jail… Within the confines of this jail
she observed….
When asked why the jail conditions were so bad, the answer she was given was that
Horrified by the conditions provided for the mentally ill in Massachusetts
prostitutes, drunks, criminals, mentally challenged individuals, and the seriously mentally ill all housed together
in unheated, unfurnished, and foul-smelling quarters.
“the insane do not feel heat or cold.”
Dix successfully petitioned the state government for improvements in 1843.
She was directly responsible for building or enlarging 32 mental hospitals in North America, Europe, and Japan.
TRANSCENDENTALISM*Among the transcendentalists' core beliefs was the inherent goodness of both people
and nature.
*Transcendentalists believed that society and its institutions—particularly organized religion and political parties—ultimately corrupted the purity of the individual.
*They had faith that people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent. It is only from such real individuals that true community could be formed.
*The major leaders in the movement were Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, John Muir, Margaret Fuller and Amos Bronson Alcott
Reform of Thinking
People like Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. followed this form of thinking which allowed for Civil Disobedience.
Inspired by Transcendentalism…..*Thoreau detested slavery and because tax revenues contributed to the support of it, Thoreau decided to rebel through passive resistance…. refusing to pay his taxes.He is thrown in jail.*The incarceration may have been brief but it has had enduring effects through "Civil Disobedience."
John J. Audubon drew birds, mammals, plants and other nature items while traveling throughout America.
Ivory-billed Woodpecke
r by John J. Audubon• He captures the spirit of young America, when the wilderness was limitless…
• He had a deep appreciation and concern for conservation; in his later writings he sounded the alarm about destruction of birds and habitats which sets the foundation for
*The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism
The Hudson River School
THE LIFE OF A 19TH-CENTURY AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL WORKER WAS FAR FROM EASY.
wages were low, hours long and working conditions hazardous.
worse for women and children, who made up a high percentage of the work force in some industries and often received but a fraction of the wages a man could earn.
Periodic economic crises swept the nation, further eroding industrial wages and producing high levels of unemployment.
technological improvements, reduced the demand for skilled labor.
unskilled labor pool was constantly growing due to 18 million immigrants between 1880 and 1910 -- entering the country, eager for work.
virtually no labor legislation existed in the country until 1874
For millions, living and working conditions were poor, and the hope of escaping from a lifetime of poverty slight.
In response to the excesses of 19th-century capitalism and political corruption, a reform movement arose called "progressivism," which gave American politics and thought its special character from approximately 1890 until the American entry into World War I in 1917.
The Progressives saw their work as a democratic crusade against the abuses of urban political bosses and corrupt robber barons.
Their goals were greater democracy and social justice, honest government, more effective regulation of business and a revived commitment to public service.