writing scientific paper

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Wri$ng scie$fic papers 041114 ICAN 2014 1 prof. dr. Andreas Voss RUNMC & CWZ Nijmegen The Netherlands www.aricjournal.com www.biomedcentral.com A major task you fear? Begin with small steps

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ICAN 2014, Harare Zimbabwe tips how to write a scientific paper

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Page 1: Writing scientific paper

Wri$ng  scie$fic  papers   04-­‐11-­‐14  

ICAN  2014   1  

prof.  dr.  Andreas  Voss    

RUNMC  &  CWZ  Nijmegen  

The  Netherlands    

www.aricjournal.com www.biomedcentral.com

¤ A  major  task  you  fear?    

Begin  with  small  steps  

Page 2: Writing scientific paper

Wri$ng  scie$fic  papers   04-­‐11-­‐14  

ICAN  2014   2  

1.  Look  around  and  reflect  on  the  ques$ons  that  arise  day  to  day  in  your  clinical  and  educa$onal  ac$vi$es.  Take  notes  and  jot  down  ideas  of  interest.  

2.  Consider  past  presenta$ons  from  different  venues,  such  as  case  conferences  or  grand  rounds.  Many  of  these  exis$ng  talks  can  be  transformed  into  a  targeted  review  ar$cle  that  might  help  launch  a  more  substan$al  original  research  project.  

Pree$  N.  Malani    Journal  of  Graduate  Medical  Educa$on,  December  2012  

3.  Reconsider  those  unfinished,  ‘‘back  burner’’  projects,  such  as  preliminary  data  presented  as  a  poster  at  a  mee$ng  but  never  wri\en  in  manuscript  form.  

4.  If  at  all  possible,  select  a  subject  of  personal  interest.  Are  you  willing  to  put  in  the  necessary  $me  reading,  exploring,  and  ul$mately  wri$ng  about  a  par$cular  subject.  Having  a  personal  interest  in  a  topic  can  improve  the  likelihood  of  success  

Pree$  N.  Malani    Journal  of  Graduate  Medical  Educa$on,  December  2012  

5.  Iden$fy  a  trusted  colleague  to  help  guide  the  process.  Success  with  wri$ng,  comes  easier  with  good  mentorship.  Having  mul$ple  mentors/collaborators  with  different  skills  and  perspec$ves  is  useful.    

Pree$  N.  Malani    Journal  of  Graduate  Medical  Educa$on,  December  2012  

Pree$  N.  Malani    Journal  of  Graduate  Medical  Educa$on,  December  2012   Pree$  N.  Malani    Journal  of  Graduate  Medical  Educa$on,  December  2012  

Page 3: Writing scientific paper

Wri$ng  scie$fic  papers   04-­‐11-­‐14  

ICAN  2014   3  

Pree$  N.  Malani    Journal  of  Graduate  Medical  Educa$on,  December  2012   Pree$  N.  Malani    Journal  of  Graduate  Medical  Educa$on,  December  2012  

Pree$  N.  Malani    Journal  of  Graduate  Medical  Educa$on,  December  2012   Pree$  N.  Malani    Journal  of  Graduate  Medical  Educa$on,  December  2012  

When  star1ng  any  research  project  you  should  (and  can)  already  write  most  of  the  paper:    ¤ Research  what  is  done  already    (introduc$on  &  discusssion)    

¤ Have  a  look  at  the  methods  used  by  others  (methods)  

¤ What  do  I  want  to  “see”  (results)  ²   tables  and  graphs  you  would  like  to  see  

Page 4: Writing scientific paper

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¤   What  journal?  ²   Na$onal  versus  interna$onal  ²   Specialized  versus  broader  ²   Costs  /open  access  ²   Impact  factor  versus  “influence”  

o   NEJM,  BMJ,  …  have  both  o   Academically  achievable  o   Local  influence  

¤ Title  ¤ Authors  and  Affilia$on  ¤ Abstract  ¤ Introduc$on  ¤ Methods  ¤ Results  ¤ Discussion  ¤ Acknowledgments  ¤ Literature  

¤   Write  what  comes  into  your  mind  –  you  may      jump  back  and  forth  between  the  different      sec$ons  

¤   Write/take  note  while  you  read  ¤   Start  with  a  couple  of  sentences  

² Aim  (This  paper  explores  …)  ² Method  (This  study  was  conducted  …)  ² What’s  new  (This  paper  contributes  to  …)  

¤   Examines  /  analyses  ¤   Reports  on  /  Outlines  ¤   Argues  /  jus$fies  /  recommands  ¤   Compares  /  contrasts    ¤   Discusses  /  demonstrates    ¤   Shows  /  refutes  ¤   Highlights  /  illustrates    

Page 5: Writing scientific paper

Wri$ng  scie$fic  papers   04-­‐11-­‐14  

ICAN  2014   5  

¤   Start  with  …  ²   Aim:  This  paper  explores  …  ²   Main  argument:  In  this  paper  we  argue  …  ²   Method:  The  study  was  conducted  …  ²   What’s  new:  This  paper  contributes  to  …  

¤   Put  a  lot  of  energy  into  the  “Abstract”!  ²   This  is  your  first  impression  ²   Make  it  interes$ng  ²   Ensure  correct  use  of  language  

¤   You  don’t  have  to  wait  un$l  you  think  your      first  dram  is  perfect      à  get  advice/comments  early  on    

¤   Style  is  (in  part)  a  ma\er  of  taste    à  you  don’t  have  to  follow  all  suggested                changes  with  regard  to  “style”  

¤   Do  I  have  enough  (new)  literature?  

¤   Is  my  data  sufficient  to  the  claims  I  am  making  

¤   Am  I  being  sufficiently  specula$ve  

¤   Did  I  follow  the  authors’  instruc$ons  

¤   Did  all  co-­‐authors  contribute  to  the      manuscript  

¤   If  not  100%  sure,  never  start      with:      “This  is  the  first  case  …”  

¤   First  thing  reviewers  might      do  is  to  prove  you  wrong  

Never  copy  &  paste.  Editors  and  reviewers  will  recognize  the  change  in  style  and  start  to  distrust  even  your  own  text  

Li\le/sloppy  mistakes  make  a  big/bad  impression  !  

Page 6: Writing scientific paper

Wri$ng  scie$fic  papers   04-­‐11-­‐14  

ICAN  2014   6  

Dear  Dr.  Voss,    

Dear author,

Thank you for submitting your manuscript. We are “sorry” to say that we could not accepted your attempt of an article. Please find attached a rejection letter for the present and your future submission.

¤   Outrage  &  unprofessional  comments  ¤   Incomprehension  &  complaints  to  colleagues  ¤   More  outrage  ¤   One  or  two  of  the  comments  might  make      sense  

¤   There’s  a  bit  of  truth  in  that  one  ¤   I’ll  just  have  a  go  at  doing  what  they  said  to  do  ¤   Actually,  the  paper  is  a  whole  lot  be\er  for  all      those  revisions